[TECHNICAL KNOWHOW ABOUT FDCLONE2]


1.Identifiers for Machine Dependency

  In machine.h, or config.h built by "make config", the
various identifiers are defined. These identifiers are
established to merge the differences from each OS.
  If you cannot compile successfully or find some strange
behaviors, you can define/undefine these identifiers to
modify it.
  The following is the meaning of each identifier.

SYSV
SVR4
BSD4
BSD43	This indicates the oriented type of OS. SYSV, SVR4
	is referred in the latter part of machine.h for the
	definition unique with OS. BSD4, BSD43 is defined
	only as an information, not to be referred in actual
	sources.

OSTYPE	This indicates the OS name. It is used to setup the
	floppy drive in the default value, according to each
	OS.

CODEEUC	This means to use EUC-JP (Extended Unix Code) as the
	Kanji code. If undefined, it means Shift JIS is used.
	This concerns the man page after installation, and
	the default value when you don't define the Kanji
	code, and so on.
	You can dynamically change the Kanji code used in
	input/output and filename, after compiled.
USEMANLANG
	The search pathname referred to man(1) includes the
	string shown by the environment variable LANG, such
	as '/usr/man/ja_JP.SJIS/', to support M17N.
BSDINSTALL
	The BSD-like install(1) is installed on the standard
	command search path, and can use the option -c (copy)
	and -s (strip).
BSDINSTCMD
	If the command name of the BSD-like install(1) is
	not "install", you can define that command name.
	It will be meaningless in case that BSDINSTALL is
	not defined.
TARUSESPACE
	tar(1) with t option will output the list in which
	each file mode string (Ex:rw-rw-rw-) is always followed
	by spaces. In the BSDish OS, it seems usually followed
	by not spaces but UID/GID. In the GNU tar, it is
	followed by spaces.
	Even if you are wrong to define, the description of
	.fd2rc and /etc/fd2rc can change it dynamically.
TARFROMPAX
	The implementation of tar(1) comes from pax(1), and
	the output of -t option follows the format used by
	pax(1).
	Even if you are wrong to define, the description of
	.fd2rc and /etc/fd2rc can change it dynamically.
CPP7BIT	cpp(1) cannot pass through any 8bit character, such
	as the Kanji.
CCCOMMAND
	This indicates the fullpath of the C compiler which
	you want to use as standard. In some OS, both of BSD
	version cc and SYSV version cc exists at once, you
	should choose only one. If undefined, 'cc' is used.
EXTENDCCOPT
	This indicates the option gave to cc(1). If undefined,
	"-O" is assigned. In case it cannot support "-O"
	(Optimize), you should define null.
CCOUTOPT
	This indicates the option to give cc(1) the output
	filename, when it only compile and don't link (with
	-c option). This must include the make(1) macro for
	output filename. You must define this, when you don't
	need the default value "-o $@".
CCLNKOPT
	This indicates the option to give cc(1) the output
	filename, when it links the executable file (without
	-c option). This must include the make(1) macro for
	output filename. You must define this, when you don't
	need the default value "-o $@".
USETERMINFO
	The terminfo(5) library is used as the terminal database
	instead of the termcap(5) library.
TERMCAPLIB
	This indicates the library which is need to be link
	as the termcap(5) library. If undefined, -ltermcap
	is assigned.
REGEXPLIB
	This indicates the library which is need to be link
	as the regular expression library, if need.
EXTENDLIB
	This indicates the other library which is need to be
	link, if need.

UNKNOWNFS
	The OS adopts the filesystem except to be assumed by
	FDclone. Or, you should define this for security,
	when the directory writing function don't work
	successfully.
	Refer to the #2 for details.

FORCEDSTDC
	Although __STDC__ is not pre-defined, the compiler
	requires the ANSI standard C format in the prototype
	declaration and so on. If you trust it is based on
	ANSI, it is no problem to define this unconditionally.
STRICTSTDC
	The compiler has the strict ANSI standard C specifications
	not to allow the coexistence of the modern type
	prototype declaration and the classical type function
	declaration of K&R. You should define this, when
	there are a number of errors concerned the type of
	function argument.
NOVOID	The void type cannot be used.
NOUID_T	uid_t, gid_t is not defined in <sys/type.h>
DECLSIGLIST
	The global variable sys_siglist[] is declared in
	<signal.h>, not to need to declare again in the source
	list.
NOSIGLIST
	The global variable sys_siglist[] don't exist in
	the standard library.
DECLERRLIST
	The global variable sys_siglist[] is declared in
	<stdio.h> or <errno.h>, not to need to declare again
	in the source list.
PWNEEDERROR
	Linking /lib/libPW.a requires to prepare the global
	variable Error[] in the source,
NOERRNO	The global variable errno is not declared in <errno.h>.
NOFILEMODE
	The constant S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR, etc. are not declared
	in <sys/stat.h>.
NOUNISTDH
	<unistd.h> don't exist.
NOSTDLIBH
	<stdlib.h> don't exist.
NOTZFILEH
	<tzfile.h> don't exist.
USELEAPCNT
	The structure tzhead has the member tzh_leapcnt.
USESELECTH
	The structure fd_set which is needed when use the
	function select(2) is defined in <sys/select.h>.
USESYSDIRH
	The constant DEV_BSIZE which indicates the block
	of the directory file is defined in <sys/dir.h>.
USETIMEH
	The structure tm is not defined in <sys/types.h>
	nor <sys/time.h>, to require <time.h>.
USESTDARGH
	The type va_list for variable argument is defined
	in <stdarg.h>.
USEMKDEVH
	The macro (or function) major()/minor() for the device
	number is defined <sys/mkdev.h>.
USEMKNODH
	The macro (or function) major()/minor() for the device
	number is defined <sys/mknod.h>.
USETERMIO
	The structure termio is used as the terminal interface.
USETERMIOS
	The structure termios is used as the terminal interface.
	If both USETERMIO and USETERMIOS is undefined, the
	structure sgttyb is used.
USEDIRECT
	The structure direct is used instead of dirent.
SYSVDIRENT
	The structure dirent doesn't have the member d_fileno
	and has the member d_ino.
NODNAMLEN
	The structure dirent doesn't have the member d_namlen.
HAVETIMEZONE
	The global variable timezone indicates the offset
	value from GMT.
NOTMGMTOFF
	The structure tm doesn't have the member tm_gmtoff.

(The following 5 identifiers is exclusive. These can not be
defined simultaneously.)
USESTATVFSH
	The functions declared in <sys/statvfs.h> is used to
	get the filesystem information.
USESTATFSH
	The functions declared in <sys/statfs.h> is used to
	get the filesystem information.
USEVFSH
	The functions declared in <sys/vfs.h> is used to get
	the filesystem information.
USEMOUNTH
	The functions declared in <sys/mount.h> is used to
	get the filesystem information.
USEFSDATA
	The functions using the structure fs_data is used to
	get the filesystem information.

USEFFSIZE
	The structure statfs has the member f_fsize, which
	indicates the block size of the filesystem. If undefined,
	member f_bsize is referred.
	In case of that USESTATVFSH, USEFSDATA is defined,
	this is meaningless.
STATFSARGS
	This indicates the number of arguments used by
	function staffs(2).
	In case of that USESTATVFSH, USEFSDATA is defined,
	this is meaningless.

(The following 8 identifiers is exclusive. These can not be
defined simultaneously.)
USEMNTENTH
	The functions declared in <mntent.h> is used to get
	the mount information.
USEMNTTABH
	The functions declared in <sys/mnttab.h> is used to
	get the mount information.
USEGETFSSTAT
	The function getfsstat(3) is used to get the mount
	information.
USEMNTCTL
	The function mntctl(3) is used to get the mount
	information.
USEMNTINFOR
	The function getmntinfo_r(3) is used to get the mount
	information.
USEMNTINFO
	The function getmntinfo(3) is used to get the mount
	information.
USEGETMNT
	The function getmnt(3) is used to get the mount
	information.
USEGETFSENT
	The function getfsent(3) is used to get the mount
	information.
	(This method can get only the information before mount,
	not to be recommended. Suppose that it is a last
	resort.)

(The following 2 identifiers is exclusive. These can not be
defined simultaneously. In case of that the identifier except
USEMNTINFO is defined among the above 8 choices, this is
meaningless.)
USEVFCNAME
	The structure vfsconf has the member vfc_name, which
	indicates the string to mean the mount type. And,
	getvfsbytype() is used to get the type vfsconf.
USEFFSTYPE
	The structure statfs has the member f_fdtypename,
	which indicates the string to mean the mount type.

(The following 3 identifiers is exclusive. These can not be
defined simultaneously.)
USERE_COMP
	The function re_comp(3) is used to search the regular
	expression.
USEREGCOMP
	The function regcomp(3) is used to search the regular
	expression.
USEREGCMP
	The function regcmp(3) is used to search the regular
	expression.

USERAND48
	The function for random number generator is not random(3)
	but rand48(3).
USESETENV
	The function setenv(3) is available to set the environ
	variables.
NOSELECT
	The function select(2) is unavailable for the low
	level input/output.
NOVSPRINTF
	The function vsprintf(3) is unavailable for the
	formatted output.
NOTERMVAR
	The termcap(5) library has not the global variables;
	PC, ospeed, BC and UP.
USEUTIME
	The function utimes(2) is unavailable to set the
	timestamp, and utime(3) is used instead.
USEGETWD
	The function getcwd(3) is unavailable to get the
	current directory, and getwd(3) is used instead.
USETIMELOCAL
	The function timelocal(3) is available as the inverse
	function of localtime(3) for the time conversion.
USEMKTIME
	The function mktime(3) is used instead of timelocal(3)
	for the time conversion.
USESYSCONF
	The function sysconf(3) is used to get the system
	configurations.
USELLSEEK
	The function _llseek(2) is used instead of lseek(2)
	for the file control. In the 32bit Linux environment,
	lseek(2) cannot specify the offset value over 2^32
	bytes, so that _llseek(2) is necessary.
USEUNAME
	The function uname(2) is used instead of gethostname(2)
	to get the hostname.
USEWAITPID
	The function waitpid(2) is used instead of wait3(2)
	to wait the software signals.
USESIGPMASK
	The function sigprocmask(2) is used instead of
	sigsetmask(2) to control the signals.
USERESOURCEH
	The functions declared in <sys/resource.h> is used to
	get/set the resource information.
USEULIMITH
	The functions declared in <ulimit.h> is used to get/set
	the resource information.
USETIMESH
	The functions declared in <sys/times.h> is used to
	get the process time information.
GETPGRPVOID
	The function getpgrp(2) has no argument, to get the
	process group.
USESETPGID
	The function setpgid(2) is used instead of getpgrp(2)
	to set the process group.
USESETVBUF
	The function setvbuf(3) is used instead of setlinebuf(3)
	to buffer the stream.
SIGARGINT
	The second argument of the software signal function
	signal(3) must be the pointer to the function which
	returns the type int.
SIGFNCINT
	The second argument of the software signal function
	signal(3) must be the pointer to the function which
	has the argument of the type int.

SENSEPERSEC
	This indicates the number to sense the key input per
	second. It is suitable in case that the terminal
	communication speed is slow. The default value is 50
	per second.
WAITKEYPAD
	This indicates the time to wait after getting the
	inputted keycode of ESC. It is suitable in case of
	that the terminal communication speed is slow. The
	default value is 360ms.
WAITMETA
	This indicates the time to wait after getting the
	inputted keycode of META. It is suitable in case of
	that the terminal communication speed is slow. The
	default value is 60ms. If you define the too long
	value, the autorepeat of the META key becomes ineffective.
HDDMOUNT
	This causes the floppy drive function to support the
	hard disk drive. It will be defined in case of that
	you want this function on the environment except
	PC-UNIX.


2.Directory Writing Function

  The command WRITE_DIR (w) can write the directory entry to
the file system according to the displayed order.
  But, this function is only established by analyzing the
structure and behavior of the file system on the each OS,
so that the directory writing function is unavailable in
the unanalyzed file systems.
  The string which means the file system type is referred
from the mount information of the each file system, to judge
whether if the analyzed file system or not.
  The following file systems are supported in FDclone about
the directory writing function.

	4.3	NEWS-OS 3,4.x
	4.2	SunOS 4.x
	ufs	SVR4, OSF/1, FreeBSD, NetBSD
	hfs	HP-UX, HI-UX
	ext2	Linux
	jfs	AIX
	efs	IRIX		(SGI original spec.)
	sysv	SVR3		(SystemV Rel.3 spec.)
	dg/ux	DG/UX		(SystemV Rel.3 spec.)

  In the file system type except these, unfortunately, the
directory writing function is unavailable.
  More correctly, although it is possible that the directory
writing function is available in the file system except
the above, this function is invalidated for security because
it is not confirmed.

  If you are an explorer and regret that the directory writing
function is unavailable in your own file system, I suggest
trying to rewrite writablefs() in info.c.
  Writing is possibly successful, or fail to make a mess of
the directory contents.
  If you are a heavier explorer, you should maybe analyze
the structure of the file system at your hand, and change
the directory writing algorithm itself.
  If these changes can add to the supported object of the
directory writing function, let the author know please. It
will be reflected in the next release.

  On the other hand, although the directory writing function
should be available in your file system type, this function
sometimes doesn't work well because of the trouble from OS.
  Or, some OS may be unable to write directory in any file
system.
  In that case, you should defile UNKNOWNFS in compiling, to
give top priority to safety.

(Appendix) The directory writing algorithm
	1.A temporary directory (assumed TMP) is made in the
	  current directory. At this time, the file name of
	  TMP must be as long as the file name of the file
	  which will be placed ahead.
	2.It is confirmed if TMP is physically ahead in the
	  directory entry.
	3.The all file but TMP (including directories) is
	  moved under TMP.
	4.If it is not ahead at 2., the name of TMP is renamed,
	  to guarantee that TMP is ahead in this entry.
	5.The files in TMP is move back in sorted order.
	  But, the only file which should be ahead is remained.
	6.Considering the block size of the directory, if a
	  gap has made on the block boundary, the dummy file
	  which has a short name is created to fill the gap.
	7.After moving files, the name of TMP is renamed. As
	  a result, TMP is placed at the tail of entries, and
	  the space is placed at the head of entries.
	8.The file which should be ahead is moved back from
	  TMP.
	9.TMP and the dummy files created at 6. is removed.
	10.Finished.
Notes) This is not accessing the directory file directly, it
       needs quite long time with some directory size.


3.File System Information

  At the beta test, it was the most difficulty how to get the
file system information which is different in every OS.
  Generally classifying, the kinds of prepared methods are 5
kinds about the file system information, and 8 kinds of method
about the mount information. Some OS can support multiple
methods among these.

  When OS prepares multiple methods, there is a difficult
problem which is used among them. Because some choice of method
will cause any trouble in the OS.
  The priority generally should maybe be taken to the order
enumerated in 1., but some OS may seems this priority is not
quite right.
  Finally, you should try the all possible method, to choose
the most suitable one among them after implementation.

  If you cannot even compile it, it is a quite mistaken choice.
If you succeeds to compile it, try to the command INFO_FILESYS (i)
to the various directory path.
  The output of the command INFO_FILESYS is almost the same
as the output of df(1). If the obviously strange value is
output considering a rounding error, it may be a mistaken
choice.

  The abnormal output value caused by mistaken choice seems
to result from 2 reasons.
	1.mistake the mount point.
	2.mistake to get the file system information.
  If the items of "File system" and "Mount point" in output
informations are not right, try to change the choice about
the method to get the mount information.
  Or, while these items are right, when the capacity is not
right, try to change the choice about the file system
information.

  In the worst case, any choice may not be able to cause the
right output. In this case, you cannot but abandon.
  But, though this output is wrong, these mistaken informations
is not connected with any fatal faults in FDclone. Since
these are used only in the command INFO_FILESYS, there is
no problem as long as this command is not used.

  However, any OS must prepare the right method to get these
informations. If you know it, it is possible to implement
the method on FDclone. Then if you find the method, please
let the author know. It is reflected in the next release.


4.Key Code

  The input from the keyboard is generally received as an
ASCII code which indicates the key top character, in case of
the normal key. But, the keyboard sends some sequence beginning
with ESC, in case of the special key.
  In order to correctly distinguish these sequences and the
ESC input itself, FDclone waits for 360ms after the ESC code
is received, and regards it as the input of ESC itself when
no input code follows it.
  However, this value is experimental value at the environment
around the author, and don't have any absolute reason. If
this value is not suitable in some environment, you should
try to define the value of WAITKEYPAD in machine.h as some
larger value.

  Moreover, it refers to descriptions in termcap/terminfo as
the correspondence table of the key sequence and the actual
key. If the key has no description, the keymap in the VT100
compatible terminal is used as default value.
  If this correspondence doesn't match with the actual sending
code of the keyboard, getting the key will be impossible.
In that case, I recommend you to change rightly the registration
of termcap/terminfo.


5.Registration of Archive Browser

  When you newly register an archive browser, you must describe
a format string in .fd2rc etc. I refer to the example which
is not mentioned in the manual, in this sentence.
  The format string is as follows.

	"%n %n %n ... " top bottom

  Most of the archivers seems to be able to avoid top and
bottom, both of these values will be 0. If the both are 0,
you can skip these descriptions.
  Only if the excessive lines, such as a copyright, are displayed
in addition to the archive file information, you must specify
the number of lines from the top/bottom line, which is to be
deleted.

  The string showing the format is so similar to the format
of printf(3) and scanf(3) that who is familiar with the C
language will not be very puzzled.
  It is perplexing that each field is not separated by spaces
nor tabs. Some archivers display the independent informations
continuously.
  The next example is from the BSDish tar.

rw-r--r--9999/999  17531 Aug  7 11:50 1995 main.c

  There is no separator between the first string showing the
file mode and the next string showing the user ID. In this
case, you must specify the length of sequence showing the
file mode.
  In this example, it is the length of 9 letters, so that you
can specify as "%9a". Therefore, the whole format string is
as follows.

	"%9a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"

  While the space after "%9a" is described in this example,
it does not surely have to exist. It is described only for
visibility.
  Since it is on the nod that each field is separated by spaces
or tabs, the spaces or tabs appears in the format string are
the verbose information.
  Then, in analyzing, the spaces or tabs in the format string
are ignored to read.


  By the way, some archivers cannot display a year nor a time,
or use a field as these double purpose. The following is the
example of output by LHa.

drwxr-xr-x  9999/999         0 ****** Jun  8 12:04 demo/
-rw-r--r--  9999/999        49 100.0% Dec  8  1994 demo/Makefile

  Thus, the time field and the year field are used as the
same field, there is no time information in the file which
has an old timestamp.
  In that case, you should specify with { } as the year
information and the time information share the same field,
being ready for the strange display of the archive browser.
  Then, the year is displayed as 2012 in the former example,
and the time is displayed as 0:00 (Because the hour called
1994 cannot exist.) in the latter example.
  The following is the format string in this case.

	"%a %u/%g %s %x %m %d %{yt} %f"


6.Registration of Floppy Drive

  If you want to treat the MS-DOS floppy disk like as general
file systems, in the floppy disk drive as the attachment of
your system, you must register the drive in .fd2rc etc.
  For this registration, it is necessary that the driver for
the floppy disk drive is installed in your OS, and that the
interface as a special file to access the driver.
  Depending on OS, this detail is often referred in the manual
of fd(4).

  Generally, some formats are supported in one physical drive.
These formats may be automatically identified, or may be
classified by the name of special file.
  In the former case, you can describe the same special file
name as the item of device file in the drive registration
line, and each format is distinguished with parameters for
the format.
  In the latter case, you must describe the special file name
according to each format for the same drive.
  In addition, you had better describe the raw device as the
device file, if possible.

  The following is examples for the inside drive of the SPARC
systems and NWS-4300 series.

SPARC:
	A:	"/dev/rfd0c"	2  18 80	(1440KB	2HD)
	A:	"/dev/rfd0c"	2   9 80	(720KB	2DD)
	A:	"/dev/rfd0c"	2 108 80	(640KB	2DD)

NWS-3400:
	A:	"/dev/rfd00a"	2  18 80	(1440KB	2HD)
	A:	"/dev/rfd01a"	2   9 80	(720KB	2DD)
	A:	"/dev/rfd03a"	2   8 80	(640KB	2DD)

  These configurations depend on machines and structures even
if they have the same OS, so that had better be set in the
common configuration file rather than in the builtin setting
when compiled.
  Conversely, if it is the only machine which may use the compiled
binary of FDclone, it is available to compile as builtin
setting.
  If you want to compile as builtin setting, you should change
the value of the structure array fdtype in dosdisk.c. The
set up factor is the same as the registration in .fd2rc etc.
  But, the drive name is described as not the string like "A:"
but an alphabetical letter. And it must be capital.

  It is quite depend on OS and models which special file
indicates what format of which drive, so that you should
refer the OS manual or ask each maker directly.
  Though the configurations for the inside drive on standard
models will be builtin with the distributed package, you can
change it in judgment of a person who install.

  Moreover, the convert from the restriction on MS-DOS filenames
keep the following rules. This is the same as the specification
in BSD on Windows.
	1.The part over 8+3 characters in filenames is deleted.
	2.The . at the beginning of line or in after the
	  second appearance is changed to $.
	3.Any + is changed to `.
	4.Any , is changed to '.
	5.Any [ is changed to &.
  When you look the filename in the floppy drive via FDclone,
reverse convert of above 2.-5. is done.
  But, when you specify a small letter as the drive name for
the LFN access, this rule is not applied. The SFN generated
in creating the new file follows the filename generation rule
of Windows 95/98.


  On PC-UNIX, the hard disk drive can be registered as well
as the floppy disk drive. How to register is written in the
manual. It is to describe the string "HDD" or "HDD98" instead
of the item value of the number of heads, and so on.
  The special file specified at this time must not be the one
separated for each partition (slice), but the one prepared
for every physical drive unit.
  The following is the special file name prepared for every
physical drive unit, on the typical PC-UNIX. With after the
second unit, the place of '0' or 'a' in the following filename
is replaced with the letter after '1' or 'b'. (On Solaris,
it means '0' next to 'd')
	Solaris	/dev/rdsk/c0d0p0 (IDE)	/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0p0 (SCSI)
	Linux	/dev/hda (IDE)		/dev/sda (SCSI)
	FreeBSD	/dev/rwd0 (IDE)		/dev/rsd0 (SCSI)
	 or	/dev/rad0 (IDE)		/dev/rda0 (SCSI)
	NetBSD	/dev/rwd0d (IDE)	/dev/rsd0d (SCSI)
	OpenBSD	/dev/rwd0c (IDE)	/dev/rsd0c (SCSI)


7.Function

  It is the same as the function definition of sh(1). For your
confirmation, the differences from the function implementation
in version 1.x is following.
	1.It can be described in separate lines without '\'.
	2.It is regarded as the function even if it appears
	  at the beginning of the command line.
	3.It can be used with the pipe and the redirectee.
	4.It is impossible to use the parameter macro in the
	  argument in the function definition.
  1.-3. result from the FDclone shell-izing, as the bad effect,
the extension as 4., it is just for FDclone, has been lost.
  Then, in version 2.00, the builtin command evalmacro is
prepared, which can make it possible to use the parameter
macro, in the way to execute after evaluating the macro
explicitly in the function.

  I think that the merit from using the parameter macro is
mainly to be able to use selected filenames as arguments.
  For the example which can exercise this ability best, suppose
the function which applies some commands to the filenames
searched with the wildcard.

	delete() {
		MARK_FIND $1
		DELETE_FILE
	}

  As an example to use, "delete '*.bak'" can delete all files
that has the extension ".bak" in the current directory.
  Note that "*.bak" is evaluated before this argument is given
to the function delete, without ''.

  In this case, the command line argument "*.bak" is substituted
for the positional parameter $1, then the 1st line is evaluated
into "MARK_FIND *.bak".
  DELETE_FILE in the 2nd line doesn't need any arguments,
and deletes all selected files if exist, then all files
selected with "*.bak" at the 1st line are deleted.
  It is important that, when no filename matches "*.bak" at
the 1st line, the object file of DELETE_FILE is not selected
and the object is forced to be the file on the cursor
position.
  But, DELETE_FILE requires the confirmation before deleting
to let you notice, and it is safe that you place the cursor
position, in advance, on the file which is unable to be
deleted by DELETE_FILE, for example "..".
  Incidentally, this function delete behaves the default
action of MARK_FIND, i.e. requires to input the wildcard
string, so that you can delete files interactively.

  Now, see a little more complex case.

	rename() {
		MARK_ALL 0
		MARK_FIND $1
		evalmacro mv %%M $2
	}

  This is the function which renames appointed filenames all
together. This time it is a little careful to insert clearing
marks in the 1st line. In specifications, MARK_FIND will
select without clearing existent marks.
  Although it seems suitable that RENAME_FILE is used for
renaming files in the 3rd line, the truth is that it is
impossible. Because RENAME_FILE has only the specification
to change the filename on the cursor position, doesn't have
the ability to rename selected files continuously.
  Therefore, the UNIX standard command mv(1) is used. For the
continuous execution, we don't use the ability of mv(1) but
the ability of the parameter macro. This is %M in the 3rd
line.

  Suppose that you input as "rename '*.c' '%XM.c.bak'" from
the command line, all files which has the extension ".c" will
be replaced the extension ".c.bak".
  Note that "*.c" and "%XM" is evaluated before this argument
is given to the function rename, without ''.

  In this example, since $1="*.c", $2="%XM.c.bak", the 3rd
line is evaluated into "mv %M %XM.c.bak". %M is the parameter
macro for which the selected files is substituted one by one,
%XM is what is removed the extension from that.
  "*.c" is selected in the 2nd line, and these selected files
is renamed into the form "*.c.bak" in the 3rd line.

  It is important that the parameter macro "%M" is described
as "%%M" in the function definition.
  In specifications, the parameter macro is not evaluated in
the initial configuration file and the input file of the
source command as well as inside of the function, so that
this description may be "%M".
  But, when this function definition is executed in the command
line of EXECUTE_SH, the parameter macro "%M" is evaluated
before the function definition.
  Therefore, you must specify "%%M" as the string which becomes
"%M" after evaluating the parameter macro.
  The description "'%M'" like the function argument also can
leave "%M" unevaluated surely. But it doesn't cause the
expected behavior. Since in the function definition "'" is
not evaluated, this is defined "'%M'" as it is.
  When you define the function with EXECUTE_SH, such a
troublesome problem is included. You had better define the
function in the initial configuration file or the input file
of the source command, or in the fdsh (it runs by inputting
the null line in EXECUTE_SH.).

  This method to combine MARK_FIND something reminds us the
RISC programming, and seems incomprehensible.
  But, simply listing commands can be achieved also by the
alias. If you intend to use perfectly the ability of just
the function, you had better know such a usage.


8.Functional Restriction in Compile

  In compile, if you define the following identifiers, you
can create the executable file in which each function is
not implemented.

	_NOARCHIVE	cannot use archive browser
	_NODOSDRIVE	cannot access MS-DOS floppy drive
	_NOUSELFN	cannot use LongFileName (MS-DOS version)
	_NOTREE		cannot use tree screen
	_NOROCKRIDGE	cannot use pseudo RockRidge extension
	_NOCOMPLETE	cannot use filename completion
	_NOWRITEFS	cannot use directory writing
	_NOEDITMODE	cannot use alternative key in edit mode
	_NOKANJICONV	cannot change kanji code dynamically
	_NOKANJIFCONV	cannot change filename kanji code dynamically
	_NOENGMES	cannot display English messages
	_NOJPNMES	cannot display Japanese messages
	_NOCOLOR	cannot use color display
	_NOKEYMAP	cannot use builtin command keymap, getkey
	_NOORIGSHELL	cannot use internal shell
	_NOUSEHASH	cannot use hash function for search path
	_NOORIGGLOB	use regular expression library for globbing
	_NOSPLITWIN	cannot use split window
	_NOPRECEDE	cannot use preceding filename display
	_NOCUSTOMIZE	cannot use customizer
	_NOEXTRACOPY	cannot use extra copy

  If you edit config.hin to add the definition of these
identifiers, you can reduce functions to make size small,
or you can restrict the function you don't want to used by
end users.


9.Synchronizing Floppy Drive on PC-UNIX

  In the floppy drive function, the cached memory is used for
the purpose of fast disk access.
  When accessing the same place of the disk in succession, it
refers to the saved data in the cached memory instead of the
actual disk access, in after the 2nd access.
  Therefore, if any process except FDclone accesses this disk
simultaneously, the contents is sometimes different from each
other temporarily.
  Many PC-UNIX prepares the operation which mounts the MS-DOS
file system and accesses it directly. The contents which is
got with this operation is not synchronized with the contents
of the floppy drive.

  When you write some data into the MS-DOS file system, first
it is written in the cached memory of the system, and at the
later point in time it is written in the actual disk.
  Even after written in the actual disk, FDclone cannot know
this writing and then will keep referring to the old data
while it reads its cache.
  The contents of cached memory in the file system is affected
to the actual disk, by calling the system call sync(2).
  The contents of the disk is affected to the cached memory
of the floppy drive, by re-opening the floppy drive or
REREAD_DIR command.
  And REREAD_DIR command calls sync(2) only when the floppy
drive function is used, so that it can synchronize both of
them at the same time.

  When you write some data into the floppy drive, first it
is written in the cached memory of FDclone, and at the later
point in time it is written in the actual disk.
  Even after written in the actual disk by the floppy drive,
a file system generally accesses the disk with buffering
and then will keep referring to the old data in its cached
buffer while they exists in it.
  The contents of cached memory in FDclone is synchronized
with the actual disk, by closing the floppy drive or
REREAD_DIR command. But the MS-DOS file system doesn't always
reload them.
  In this case, you must do "umount" the MS-DOS file system
and re-do "mount" it again after closing the floppy drive or
REREAD_DIR command, to surely reload the contents.


  However, Linux has more problems. It is because Linux has
no raw device as specific issue.

  Except for Linux, if you select the raw device as the device
name used in setting the floppy drive function, FDclone can
access the device and the actual disk simultaneously.
  But since Linux has no raw device and the device itself
accesses the disk with buffering, this synchronization can
never be realized.

  First, about writing into the floppy drive, both of the
buffer written by the floppy drive and the buffer read by
the file system are written into the actual disk by calling
sync(2).
  Therefore, while the floppy drive rewrites data again and
again, they are always overwritten by the buffer of the file
system, not to be affected.
  In order to avoid it, if the floppy drive has been already
mounted as the file system when it is opened, FDclone treats
the floppy drive as readonly, on Linux.

  Next, about reading from the floppy drive, since only root
has the permission to realize synchronization, general users
can never know the contents of the actual disk.
  Therefore, if you want to refer to the contents written by
the MS-DOS file system from the MS-DOS file system, it is
necessary to do "umount" the MS-DOS file system, as well as
writing into the floppy drive.
  But, while the device buffer is canceled by "umount" in the
case that the disk is a removable medium like a floppy disk,
it is not canceled by "umount" in the case of a fixed medium
like a hard disk, in specifications.
  In order to force it canceled, you cannot help ordering it
with the root permission.
  Opening the floppy drive and REREAD_DIR command call this
order to cancel the Linux buffer, only when FDclone is running
with the root permission.
  If you want synchronize in any way on Linux, you should
invoke FDclone with the root permission, and use the floppy
drive function.


  But, since the root cause of this synchronization issue is
accessing one disk medium in two ways, I think that it is
best to avoid by employment of not accessing simultaneously
in different ways.
  While you use the floppy drive function, you should manage
to cover it, for example, you do "umount" the corresponding
MS-DOS file system in advance, or you take care that the other
users or processes may not access it, etc.