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<section id="test-perform-tests-on-files-and-text">
<h1>test - perform tests on files and text<a class="headerlink" href="#test-perform-tests-on-files-and-text" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="synopsis">
<h2>Synopsis<a class="headerlink" href="#synopsis" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-fish-synopsis notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="g g-Other">[</span><span class="no">EXPRESSION</span><span class="g g-Other">]</span>
<span class="nf">[ </span><span class="g g-Other">[</span><span class="no">EXPRESSION</span><span class="g g-Other">]</span><span class="no"> ]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="description">
<h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> checks the given conditions and sets the exit status to 0 if they are true, 1 if they are false.</p>
<p>The first form (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code>) is preferred. For compatibility with other shells, the second form is available: a matching pair of square brackets (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">[EXPRESSION]</span> <span class="pre">]</span></code>).</p>
<p>When using a variable or command substitution as an argument with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> you should almost always enclose it in double-quotes, as variables expanding to zero or more than one argument will most likely interact badly with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code>.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>For historical reasons, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> supports the one-argument form (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">foo</span></code>), and this will also be triggered by e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">-n</span> <span class="pre">$foo</span></code> if $foo is unset. We recommend you don’t use the one-argument form and quote all variables or command substitutions used with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code>.</p>
<p>This confusing misfeature will be removed in future. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">-n</span></code> without any additional argument will be false, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">-z</span></code> will be true and any other invocation with exactly one or zero arguments, including <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">-d</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">"foo"</span></code> will be an error.</p>
<p>The same goes for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[</span></code>, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">"foo"</span> <span class="pre">]</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">-d</span> <span class="pre">]</span></code> will be errors.</p>
<p>This can be turned on already via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test-require-arg</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="../language.html#featureflags"><span class="std std-ref">feature flag</span></a>, and will eventually become the default and then only option.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="operators-for-files-and-directories">
<h2>Operators for files and directories<a class="headerlink" href="#operators-for-files-and-directories" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>-b</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a block device.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-c</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a character device.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-d</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a directory.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-e</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> exists.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-f</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a regular file.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-g</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> has the set-group-ID bit set.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-G</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> exists and has the same group ID as the current user.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-k</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> has the sticky bit set. If the OS does not support the concept it returns false. See <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_bit">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_bit</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-L</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a symbolic link.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-O</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> exists and is owned by the current user.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-p</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a named pipe.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-r</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is marked as readable.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-s</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if the size of <em>FILE</em> is greater than zero.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-S</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is a socket.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-t</strong> <em>FD</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if the file descriptor <em>FD</em> is a terminal (TTY).</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-u</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> has the set-user-ID bit set.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-w</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is marked as writable; note that this does not check if the filesystem is read-only.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-x</strong> <em>FILE</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE</em> is marked as executable.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="operators-to-compare-files-and-directories">
<h2>Operators to compare files and directories<a class="headerlink" href="#operators-to-compare-files-and-directories" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><em>FILE1</em> <strong>-nt</strong> <em>FILE2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE1</em> is newer than <em>FILE2</em>, or <em>FILE1</em> exists and <em>FILE2</em> does not.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>FILE1</em> <strong>-ot</strong> <em>FILE2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE1</em> is older than <em>FILE2</em>, or <em>FILE2</em> exists and <em>FILE1</em> does not.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>FILE1</em> <strong>-ef</strong> <em>FILE1</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>FILE1</em> and <em>FILE2</em> refer to the same file.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="operators-for-text-strings">
<h2>Operators for text strings<a class="headerlink" href="#operators-for-text-strings" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><em>STRING1</em> <strong>=</strong> <em>STRING2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if the strings <em>STRING1</em> and <em>STRING2</em> are identical.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>STRING1</em> <strong>!=</strong> <em>STRING2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if the strings <em>STRING1</em> and <em>STRING2</em> are not identical.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-n</strong> <em>STRING</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if the length of <em>STRING</em> is non-zero.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>-z</strong> <em>STRING</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if the length of <em>STRING</em> is zero.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="operators-to-compare-and-examine-numbers">
<h2>Operators to compare and examine numbers<a class="headerlink" href="#operators-to-compare-and-examine-numbers" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><em>NUM1</em> <strong>-eq</strong> <em>NUM2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>NUM1</em> and <em>NUM2</em> are numerically equal.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>NUM1</em> <strong>-ne</strong> <em>NUM2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>NUM1</em> and <em>NUM2</em> are not numerically equal.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>NUM1</em> <strong>-gt</strong> <em>NUM2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>NUM1</em> is greater than <em>NUM2</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>NUM1</em> <strong>-ge</strong> <em>NUM2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>NUM1</em> is greater than or equal to <em>NUM2</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>NUM1</em> <strong>-lt</strong> <em>NUM2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>NUM1</em> is less than <em>NUM2</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>NUM1</em> <strong>-le</strong> <em>NUM2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>NUM1</em> is less than or equal to <em>NUM2</em>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Both integers and floating point numbers are supported.</p>
</section>
<section id="operators-to-combine-expressions">
<h2>Operators to combine expressions<a class="headerlink" href="#operators-to-combine-expressions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><em>COND1</em> <strong>-a</strong> <em>COND2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if both <em>COND1</em> and <em>COND2</em> are true.</p>
</dd>
<dt><em>COND1</em> <strong>-o</strong> <em>COND2</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if either <em>COND1</em> or <em>COND2</em> are true.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Expressions can be inverted using the <strong>!</strong> operator:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>!</strong> <em>EXPRESSION</em></dt><dd><p>Returns true if <em>EXPRESSION</em> is false, and false if <em>EXPRESSION</em> is true.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Expressions can be grouped using parentheses.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>(</strong> <em>EXPRESSION</em> <strong>)</strong></dt><dd><p>Returns the value of <em>EXPRESSION</em>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that parentheses will usually require escaping with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\</span></code> (so they appear as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\(</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\)</span></code>) to avoid being interpreted as a command substitution.</p>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/tmp</span></code> directory exists, copy the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/motd</span></code> file to it:</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/tmp</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">cp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/etc/motd</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/tmp/motd</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the variable <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MANPATH</span></code> is defined and not empty, print the contents. (If <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MANPATH</span></code> is not defined, then it will expand to zero arguments, unless quoted.)</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="o">$MANPATH</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">$MANPATH</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Be careful with unquoted variables:</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">$MANPATH</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># This will also be reached if $MANPATH is unset,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># because in that case we have `test -n`, so it checks if "-n" is non-empty, and it is.</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">$MANPATH</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will change in a future release of fish, or already with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test-require-arg</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="../language.html#featureflags"><span class="std std-ref">feature flag</span></a> - if $MANPATH is unset, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span> <span class="pre">test</span> <span class="pre">-n</span> <span class="pre">$MANPATH</span></code> will be false.</p>
<p>Parentheses and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-o</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-a</span></code> operators can be combined to produce more complicated expressions. In this example, success is printed if there is a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/foo</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/bar</span></code> file as well as a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/baz</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/bat</span></code> file.</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/foo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-o</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/bar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\(</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/baz</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-o</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">/bat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">Success.</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Numerical comparisons will fail if one of the operands is not a number:</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-eq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"The answer to life, the universe and everything"</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">So</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">and</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">thanks</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">the</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">fish</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># will not be executed</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A common comparison is with <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../language.html#envvar-status"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status</span></code></a>:</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">$status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-eq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Previous command succeeded"</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The previous test can likewise be inverted:</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">$status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-eq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Previous command failed"</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which is logically equivalent to the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-fish-docs-samples notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">$status</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">-ne</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Previous command failed"</span>
<span class="nf">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="standards">
<h2>Standards<a class="headerlink" href="#standards" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Unlike many things in fish, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> implements a subset of the <a class="reference external" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/test.html">IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (POSIX.1) standard</a>. The following exceptions apply:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">></span></code> operators for comparing strings are not implemented.</p></li>
<li><p>With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test-require-arg</span></code>, the zero- and one-argument modes will behave differently.</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<div><p>In cases such as this, one can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">command</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> to explicitly use the system’s standalone <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> rather than this <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtin</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code>.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="see-also">
<h2>See also<a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Other commands that may be useful as a condition, and are often easier to use:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="string.html"><span class="doc">string - manipulate strings</span></a>, which can do string operations including wildcard and regular expression matching</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="path.html"><span class="doc">path - manipulate and check paths</span></a>, which can do file checks and operations, including filters on multiple paths at once</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
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