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flash-kernel
------------
flash-kernel is a script which will put the kernel and initramfs in
the boot location of embedded devices that don't load the kernel and
initramfs directly from /boot. flash-kernel supports devices that
boot from flash memory (hence the name) as well as some devices that
require a special boot image on the disk.
Supported systems
- - - - - - - - -
The following systems are supported:
- APM X-Gene Mustang board
- Buffalo Linkstation Live
- Buffalo Linkstation Live, version 3 (LS-CHL)
- Buffalo Linkstation Live with BitTorrent (LS-CHLv2)
- Buffalo Linkstation Mini
- Buffalo Linkstation Pro
- Buffalo Linkstation Pro (LS-XHL)
- Buffalo/Revogear Kurobox Pro
- D-Link DNS-323
- Genesi Efika Nettop
- Genesi Efika Smartbook
- GLAN Tank
- GuruPlug
- HP t5325 Thin Client
- HP Media Vault mv2120
- Intel SS4000-E
- LaCie 2Big Network v2
- LaCie 5Big Network v2
- LaCie Internet Space v2
- LaCie Network Space v2
- LaCie Network Space Max v2
- LaCie d2 Network v2
- Linksys NSLU2
- Marvell DB-78x00-BP Development Board
- Marvell OpenRD-Base
- Marvell OpenRD-Client
- Marvell OpenRD-Ultimate
- Neo FreeRunner (GTA02)
- PlatHome OpenBlocks AX3-4 board
- Plat'Home OpenBlocks A6
- QNAP TS-109
- QNAP TS-110 Turbo NAS
- QNAP TS-119 Turbo NAS
- QNAP TS-209
- QNAP TS-210 Turbo NAS
- QNAP TS-219 and TS-219P Turbo NAS
- QNAP TS-409
- QNAP TS-410 and TS-410U Turbo NAS
- QNAP TS-419P and TS-419U Turbo NAS
- Seagate FreeAgent DockStar
- SheevaPlug
- SheevaPlug eSATA
- Thecus N2100
- Toshiba AC100
If you would like to see support for another device, please file a bug
report in the Debian Bug Tracking System and include all information
related to the boot process of your device. Instructions can be found
at http://bugs.debian.org/
Testsuite
- - - - -
Run the testsuite with:
FK_CHECKOUT=. ./test_flash-kernel
FK_CHECKOUT=. ./test_functions
You need the devscripts package for the checkbashisms test.
Database format
- - - - - - - -
To accomodate the differences between machines, db/*.db files contain
information on supported machines. The files look somewhat like
RFC 2822 data or Debian control data, i.e. header: value pairs,
with definitions separated by an empty line. Comments starting with a
pound are ignored.
/etc/flash-kernel/db is parsed first and allows for local override of
any field. Note that you must include the "Machine" field (including
multiple instances if necessary) here as well as the field(s) to be
overridden.
The supported fields are:
* Machine: (required) value of the "Hardware:" line in /proc/cpuinfo
or content of /proc/device-tree/model. Used as a unique
identifier. Must be the first field in each stanza. There can be
multiple instances of this field (to support system which have both
cpuinfo:Hardware and device-tree based identifiers depending on the
current kernel) but all instances of the Machine: field must come
before any other field in the stanza.
* Kernel-Flavors: (optional) allowed flavors (suffixes) for the to be
installed kernel; if the vmlinuz file doesn't end with a listed
suffix, installation is aborted
* Machine-Id: (optional) linux mach-type to set before starting vmlinuz;
will be set by a small piece of ARM code prepended to the kernel image.
This option is ignored if a DTB is to be appended, via either DTB-Append or
DTB-Append-From.
* DTB-Id: (optional) specifies the name of the DTB file for this device
* DTB-Append: (optional) when yes the DTB specified by DTB-Id will be appended
to the kernel image.
* DTB-Append-From: (optional): Can be used instead of DTB-Append. The argument
is a kernel version, if the kernel to be installed is at least this version
then the DTB specified named by DTB-Id will be appended to the kernel image.
* U-Boot-Kernel-Address, U-Boot-Kernel-Entry-Point, U-Boot-Initrd-Address:
(optional) address where to load in (physical) RAM the kernel, entry point
and initrd, respectively; this also indicates that U-Boot images should be
generated with mkimage
* U-Boot-Script-Address: (optional) like U-Boot-Kernel-Address and
U-Boot-Initrd-Address but for an U-Boot boot script; see also
U-Boot-Script-Name
* U-Boot-Script-Name: (optional) name of U-Boot boot script to install
from the flash-kernel files. @@KERNEL_VERSION@@ will be substituted for the
actual kernel version
* Boot-Kernel-Path, Boot-Initrd-Path: (optional) where to put the
generated kernel and initrd files on the filesystem; see also
Boot-Device
* Boot-Script-Path: (optional) like Boot-Kernel-Path and
Boot-Initrd-Path but for an U-Boot boot script; see also
U-Boot-Script-Name and Boot-Device
* Boot-DTB-Path: (optional) like Boot-Kernel-Path and Boot-Initrd-Path
but for a DTB file. The DTB file named by DTB-Id will be copied
here; see also DTB-Id
* Mtd-Kernel, Mtd-Initrd: (optional) Specifies the raw MTD partition
name (per /proc/mtd) to use for the kernel and initrd respectively.
* Required-Packages: (optional) list of packages which must be added
during installer phase for flash-kernel to work properly; failure to
add these packages aborts the installation
* Optional-Packages: (optional) list of packages which should be
added during installer pharse for flash-kernel to offer full
functionality; failure to add these packages just triggers a warning
* Bootloader-Sets-Incorrect-Root: (optional) when "yes" indicates that
the bootloader passes a root= value to the kernel and that this
should be overriden in the initrd; when "no", flash-kernel only sets
a default value for the root device, which allows end-users to pass
root= to the kernel.
* Method: (optional) indicates how to support this particular machine;
the default is "generic"; other available methods are: android, multi,
redboot, slug, symlink
* Boot-Device: (optional) block device to mount before installing
kernel, initrd and U-Boot script; Boot-Kernel-Path, Boot-Initrd-Path and
Boot-Script-Path are then taken relative to this boot device
Configuration
- - - - - - -
Configuration files currently supported:
* /etc/flash-kernel/machine allows skipping the machine auto-detection from
/proc/cpuinfo or /proc/dtmodel and forcing a specific Machine.
* /etc/flash-kernel/db allows overriding / adding fields from the Machine
database (but it doesn't allow removing fields or entries).
* /etc/flash-kernel/ubootenv.d can be used to add or override u-boot
script snippets. See "Adding U-Boot Commands for Pre-Boot Execution"
below for more details.
* /etc/default/flash-kernel currently contains a single variable,
LINUX_KERNEL_CMDLINE, which should be used by bootscripts to set kernel
options.
Adding U-Boot Commands for Pre-Boot Execution
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Packages can drop in files containing U-Boot commands to be executed by a
platform's bootscript before starting the OS. These files should be
dropped in /usr/share/flash-kernel/ubootenv.d. Users can add additional
stubs, or override stubs provided by packages, by adding files to
/etc/flash-kernel/ubootenv.d. Files in the /etc path that have the same
name as files in the /usr path will override the /usr counterparts.
Platform bootscripts must contain the @@UBOOT_ENV_EXTRA@@ macro for the
contents of these stubs to be incorporated.
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