.\" Copyright (c) 1996-1999 Whistle Communications, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Subject to the following obligations and disclaimer of warranty, use and
.\" redistribution of this software, in source or object code forms, with or
.\" without modifications are expressly permitted by Whistle Communications;
.\" provided, however, that:
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.\"    copyright notice above and the following disclaimer of warranties; and
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.\"    COMMUNICATIONS" on advertising, endorsements, or otherwise except as
.\"    such appears in the above copyright notice or in the software.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED BY WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS "AS IS", AND
.\" TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS MAKES NO
.\" REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THIS SOFTWARE,
.\" INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
.\" WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS DOES NOT WARRANT, GUARANTEE, OR MAKE ANY
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.\" SOFTWARE IN TERMS OF ITS CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY OR OTHERWISE.
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.\" PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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.\"
.\" Author: Archie Cobbs <archie@whistle.com>
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" $Whistle: netgraph.3,v 1.7 1999/01/25 07:14:06 archie Exp $
.\"
.Dd November 25, 2013
.Dt NETGRAPH 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm NgMkSockNode ,
.Nm NgNameNode ,
.Nm NgSendMsg ,
.Nm NgSendAsciiMsg ,
.Nm NgSendMsgReply ,
.Nm NgRecvMsg ,
.Nm NgAllocRecvMsg ,
.Nm NgRecvAsciiMsg ,
.Nm NgAllocRecvAsciiMsg ,
.Nm NgSendData ,
.Nm NgRecvData ,
.Nm NgAllocRecvData ,
.Nm NgSetDebug ,
.Nm NgSetErrLog
.Nd netgraph user library
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libnetgraph
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In netgraph/netgraph.h
.Ft int
.Fn NgMkSockNode "const char *name" "int *csp" "int *dsp"
.Ft int
.Fn NgNameNode "int cs" "const char *path" "const char *fmt" ...
.Ft int
.Fo NgSendMsg
.Fa "int cs" "const char *path" "int cookie" "int cmd" "const void *arg"
.Fa "size_t arglen"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fn NgSendAsciiMsg "int cs" "const char *path" "const char *fmt" ...
.Ft int
.Fo NgSendMsgReply
.Fa "int cs" "const char *path" "struct ng_mesg *msg" "const void *arg"
.Fa "size_t arglen"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fn NgRecvMsg "int cs" "struct ng_mesg *rep" "size_t replen" "char *path"
.Ft int
.Fn NgAllocRecvMsg "int cs" "struct ng_mesg **rep" "char *path"
.Ft int
.Fn NgRecvAsciiMsg "int cs" "struct ng_mesg *rep" "size_t replen" "char *path"
.Ft int
.Fn NgAllocRecvAsciiMsg "int cs" "struct ng_mesg **rep" "char *path"
.Ft int
.Fn NgSendData "int ds" "const char *hook" "const u_char *buf" "size_t len"
.Ft int
.Fn NgRecvData "int ds" "u_char *buf" "size_t len" "char *hook"
.Ft int
.Fn NgAllocRecvData "int ds" "u_char **buf" "char *hook"
.Ft int
.Fn NgSetDebug "int level"
.Ft void
.Fo NgSetErrLog
.Fa "void \*[lp]*log\*[rp]\*[lp]const char *fmt, ...\*[rp]"
.Fa "void \*[lp]*logx\*[rp]\*[lp]const char *fmt, ...\*[rp]"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
These functions facilitate user-mode program participation in the kernel
.Xr netgraph 4
graph-based networking system, by utilizing the netgraph
.Vt socket
node type (see
.Xr ng_socket 4 ) .
.Pp
The
.Fn NgMkSockNode
function should be called first, to create a new
.Vt socket
type netgraph node with associated control and data sockets.
If
.Fa name
is
.No non- Ns Dv NULL ,
the node will have that global name assigned to it.
The
.Fa csp
and
.Fa dsp
arguments will be set to the newly opened control and data sockets
associated with the node; either
.Fa csp
or
.Fa dsp
may be
.Dv NULL
if only one socket is desired.
The
.Fn NgMkSockNode
function loads the
.Vt socket
node type KLD if it is not already loaded.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgNameNode
function assigns a global name to the node addressed by
.Fa path .
.Pp
The
.Fn NgSendMsg
function sends a binary control message from the
.Vt socket
node associated with control socket
.Fa cs
to the node addressed by
.Fa path .
The
.Fa cookie
indicates how to interpret
.Fa cmd ,
which indicates a specific command.
Extra argument data (if any) is specified by
.Fa arg
and
.Fa arglen .
The
.Fa cookie , cmd ,
and argument data are defined by the header file corresponding
to the type of the node being addressed.
The unique, non-negative token value chosen for use in the message
header is returned.
This value is typically used to associate replies.
.Pp
Use
.Fn NgSendMsgReply
to send reply to a previously received control message.
The original message header should be pointed to by
.Fa msg .
.Pp
The
.Fn NgSendAsciiMsg
function performs the same function as
.Fn NgSendMsg ,
but adds support for
.Tn ASCII
encoding of control messages.
The
.Fn NgSendAsciiMsg
function formats its input a la
.Xr printf 3
and then sends the resulting
.Tn ASCII
string to the node in a
.Dv NGM_ASCII2BINARY
control message.
The node returns a binary version of the
message, which is then sent back to the node just as with
.Fn NgSendMsg .
As with
.Fn NgSendMsg ,
the message token value is returned.
Note that
.Tn ASCII
conversion may not be supported by all node types.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgRecvMsg
function reads the next control message received by the node associated with
control socket
.Fa cs .
The message and any extra argument data must fit in
.Fa replen
bytes.
If
.Fa path
is
.No non- Ns Dv NULL ,
it must point to a buffer of at least
.Dv NG_PATHSIZ
bytes, which will be filled in (and
.Dv NUL
terminated) with the path to
the node from which the message was received.
.Pp
The length of the control message is returned.
A return value of zero indicates that the socket was closed.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgAllocRecvMsg
function works exactly like
.Fn NgRecvMsg ,
except that the buffer for a message is dynamically allocated
to guarantee that a message is not truncated.
The size of the buffer is equal to the socket's receive buffer size.
The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer when it is no longer required.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgRecvAsciiMsg
function works exactly like
.Fn NgRecvMsg ,
except that after the message is received, any binary arguments
are converted to
.Tn ASCII
by sending a
.Dv NGM_BINARY2ASCII
request back to the originating node.
The result is the same as
.Fn NgRecvMsg ,
with the exception that the reply arguments field will contain a
.Dv NUL Ns -terminated
.Tn ASCII
version of the arguments (and the reply
header argument length field will be adjusted).
.Pp
The
.Fn NgAllocRecvAsciiMsg
function works exactly like
.Fn NgRecvAsciiMsg ,
except that the buffer for a message is dynamically allocated
to guarantee that a message is not truncated.
The size of the buffer is equal to the socket's receive buffer size.
The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer when it is no longer required.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgSendData
function writes a data packet out on the specified hook of the node
corresponding to data socket
.Fa ds .
The node must already be connected to some other node via that hook.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgRecvData
function reads the next data packet (of up to
.Fa len
bytes) received by the node corresponding to data socket
.Fa ds
and stores it in
.Fa buf ,
which must be large enough to hold the entire packet.
If
.Fa hook
is
.No non- Ns Dv NULL ,
it must point to a buffer of at least
.Dv NG_HOOKSIZ
bytes, which will be filled in (and
.Dv NUL
terminated) with the name of
the hook on which the data was received.
.Pp
The length of the packet is returned.
A return value of zero indicates that the socket was closed.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgAllocRecvData
function works exactly like
.Fn NgRecvData ,
except that the buffer for a data packet is dynamically allocated
to guarantee that a data packet is not truncated.
The size of the buffer is equal to the socket's receive buffer size.
The caller is responsible for freeing the buffer when it is no longer required.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgSetDebug
and
.Fn NgSetErrLog
functions are used for debugging.
The
.Fn NgSetDebug
function sets the debug level (if non-negative), and returns the old setting.
Higher debug levels result in more verbosity.
The default is zero.
All debug and error messages are logged via the functions
specified in the most recent call to
.Fn NgSetErrLog .
The default logging functions are
.Xr vwarn 3
and
.Xr vwarnx 3 .
.Pp
At debug level 3, the library attempts to display control message arguments
in
.Tn ASCII
format; however, this results in additional messages being
sent which may interfere with debugging.
At even higher levels,
even these additional messages will be displayed, etc.
.Pp
Note that
.Xr select 2
can be used on the data and the control sockets to detect the presence of
incoming data and control messages, respectively.
Data and control packets are always written and read atomically, i.e.,
in one whole piece.
.Pp
User mode programs must be linked with the
.Fl l Ns Li netgraph
flag to link in this library.
.Sh INITIALIZATION
To enable netgraph in your kernel, either your kernel must be
compiled with
.Cd "options NETGRAPH"
in the kernel configuration
file, or else the
.Xr netgraph 4
and
.Xr ng_socket 4
KLD modules must have been loaded via
.Xr kldload 8 .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn NgSetDebug
function returns the previous debug setting.
.Pp
The
.Fn NgSetErrLog
function has no return value.
.Pp
All other functions return \-1 if there was an error and set
.Va errno
accordingly.
.Pp
A return value of zero from
.Fn NgRecvMsg
or
.Fn NgRecvData
indicates that the netgraph socket has been closed.
.Pp
For
.Fn NgSendAsciiMsg
and
.Fn NgRecvAsciiMsg ,
the following additional errors are possible:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ENOSYS
The node type does not know how to encode or decode the control message.
.It Bq Er ERANGE
The encoded or decoded arguments were too long for the supplied buffer.
.It Bq Er ENOENT
An unknown structure field was seen in an
.Tn ASCII
control message.
.It Bq Er EALREADY
The same structure field was specified twice in an
.Tn ASCII
control message.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
.Tn ASCII
control message parse error or illegal value.
.It Bq Er E2BIG
ASCII control message array or fixed width string buffer overflow.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr select 2 ,
.Xr socket 2 ,
.Xr warnx 3 ,
.Xr kld 4 ,
.Xr netgraph 4 ,
.Xr ng_socket 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm netgraph
system was designed and first implemented at Whistle Communications, Inc.\& in
a version of
.Fx 2.2
customized for the Whistle InterJet.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An "Archie Cobbs" Aq archie@FreeBSD.org