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|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<!--
/**
* Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
*
* See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and
* redistribution of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL
* WARRANTIES.
*/
-->
<html>
<head>
<title>FreeTTS 1.2 - A speech synthesizer written entirely in the
Java(TM) programming language</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center>
<table bgcolor="#bbbae2" border="0" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" width="100%">
<h2><i>FreeTTS 1.2</i> - A speech synthesizer written
entirely in the Java<sup><font size="-1">TM</font></sup>
programming language</h2>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeff" valign="top" width="20%">
<center>
<p><br><big><b>Listen to <i>FreeTTS!</i></b></big></p>
</center>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Talking clock (16k voice):</b><br>
<a href="audio/12-35.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/12-35.wav">WAV</a> format </font></p>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Talking machine (8k):</b><br>
<a href="audio/talkforever.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/talkforever.wav">WAV</a> format </font></p>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Talking machine (16k):</b><br>
<a href="audio/talkforever16.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/talkforever16.wav">WAV</a> format </font></p>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Susie (16k):</b><br>
<a href="audio/shoeshineshop.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/shoeshineshop.wav">WAV</a> format </font></p>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Cookie Cooks (16k):</b><br>
<a href="audio/cookiecooks.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/cookiecooks.wav">WAV</a> format </font></p>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Tricky Tokenizing (16k):</b><br>
<i>"For 3/4 or 75% of his time, Dr. Walker practices for $90 a
visit on Dr. Dr., next to King Philip X of St. Lameer St. in
Nashua NH."</i><br>
<a href="audio/complex.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/complex.wav">WAV</a> format<br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="-1"><b>Thanks! (16k MBROLA):<br>
</b><a href="audio/thanks.au">AU</a> format<br>
<a href="audio/thanks.wav">WAV</a> format<br>
</font></p>
<hr>
<center><big><b><small>WebStartClock</small> </b></big></center>
<div align="left">
<div align="left"><small>A clock that uses FreeTTS to announce
the time.</small><br>
</div>
<small> <br>
</small>
<div align="center"><a href="../WebStartClock/clock.jnlp"><small>
<img src="images/TinyWebStartClock.jpg" alt="WebStart Clock"
width="90" height="55"></small></a><br>
</div>
<br>
<div align="center"><a href="../WebStartClock/clock.jnlp">
<small>Launch WebStartClock</small></a><b> </b> </div>
</div>
<hr>
<center><b><font>FreeTTS Links</font></b></center>
<b><font size="-1"><br>
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/freetts">Project Page</a><br>
<a href="https://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=42080">Forums</a><br>
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=42080">
Download</a> <br>
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=42080">CVS Repository</a> <br>
<br>
<br>
<hr>
<center><a href="http://www.sourceforge.net">
<img src="http://sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=40785&type=1"
width="88" height="31" border="0" alt="SourceForge Logo"></a>
<br>Hosted by SourceForge.net</center>
</font></b></td>
<td width="5%"><br>
</td>
<td valign="top"><br><br>
<b><i>Welcome!</i></b> Thank you for your interest in <i>FreeTTS</i>.
<h3>General Information</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#what_is_freetts">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#who_authors">Authors</a></li>
<li><a href="../RELEASE_NOTES">Release Notes</a></li>
<li><a href="#possible_uses">Possible uses of FreeTTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#contribute">How to contribute to FreeTTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Installation</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#download_and_install">Downloading and Installing</a></li>
<li><a href="#quick_start">Quick Start</a></li>
<li><a href="#how_app">Building Applications with FreeTTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#how_build">Building FreeTTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#how_test">Testing FreeTTS</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Demos</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#run_demo">Running the Demos</a></li>
<li><a href="#test_program">FreeTTS Test Program</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Tools</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#festvox">Importing Voice Data from FestVox</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Documentation</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#freetts_api">API documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="#writing_software">Writing software using FreeTTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#freetts_guide">Programmer's Guide</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Frequently Asked Questions</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#why_jdk1.4">Why must I use Java<sup><font size="-1">
TM</font></sup> 2 SDK, Standard Edition, v 1.4?</a></li>
<li><a href="#performance">How does FreeTTS perform?</a></li>
<li><a href="#voices_available">What voices are available?</a></li>
<li><a href="#why_sound_bad">Why does the diphone synthesizer
sound so bad?</a></li>
<li><a href="#How_do_I_create_a_new_voice_How_do_I">How do I
create a new voice?</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#import_voice_data">How do I import new voice data
from Festival and FestVox?</a></li>
<li><a href="#How_do_I_add_support_for_a_voice_with">How do I
add support for a language other than English?</a></li>
<li><a href="#output_to_file">How do I output synthesized
speech to an audio file?</a></li>
<li><a href="#is_full_jsapi">Does FreeTTS provide full support
for the JSAPI 1.0 specification?</a></li>
<li><a href="#no_jsapi">Why do I get a NoClassDefFoundError
when I try to run a demo?</a></li>
<li><a href="#old_java">Why do I get an
UnsupportedClassVersionError when I try to run a demo?</a></li>
<li><a href="#What_does_the_message_Cant_find">What does the
message "Can't find diphone xx-yy" mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#I_get_no_sound_when_I_run_one_of_the">I get no
sound when I run one of the FreeTTS demos. Why?</a></li>
<li><a href="#Can_I_use_FreeTTS_in_an_applet">Can I use FreeTTS
in an applet?</a></li>
<li><a href="#Can_I_use_FreeTTS_with_JavaTM_Web_Start">Can I
use FreeTTS with Java<sup>TM</sup> Web Start</a></li>
<li><a href="#How_do_I_bypass_speech_properties">
How do I bypass the need for <code>speech.properties</code>?</li>
<li><a href="#What_does_the_message_Line_unavailable">What does
the message "Line unavailable" mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#where_is_recognizer">Where is the speech
recognizer?</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
</td>
<!--PHP-1--> </tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<h3>General Information about FreeTTS</h3>
<ul>
<li><a name="what_is_freetts"><b>Introduction</b></a>
<p>FreeTTS is a speech synthesis system written entirely in the
Java<sup><font size="-1">TM</font></sup> programming language. It
is based upon <a href="http://www.cmuflite.org">Flite</a>: a
small run-time speech synthesis engine developed at Carnegie
Mellon University. Flite is derived from the
<a href="http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/">Festival</a>
Speech Synthesis System from the University of Edinburgh and the
<a href="http://festvox.org/">FestVox</a> project from Carnegie
Mellon University.</p>
<p>This release of FreeTTS includes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Core speech synthesis engine</li>
<li>Support for a number of voices:</li>
<ul>
<li>an 8khz diphone, male, US English voice</li>
<li>a 16khz diphone, male US English voice</li>
<li>a 16khz limited domain, male US English voice</li>
</ul>
<li>Support for <a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">
importing voices from FestVox (US English only)</a></li>
<li>Specific support for <a href="../tools/ArcticToFreeTTS/README.html">
importing CMU ARCTIC voices from FestVox (US English only)</a></li>
<li><a href="../mbrola/README.html">Support for MBROLA voices</a>
(downloaded separately):</li>
<ul>
<li>a 16khz female, US English voice</li>
<li>two 16khz male US English voices<br>
</li>
</ul>
<li>Partial <a href="jsapi_setup.html">support for JSAPI 1.0</a></li>
<li>Extensive <a href="../javadoc/index.html">API documentation</a></li>
<li>Several <a href="#run_demo">demo applications</a></li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li><a name="who_authors"><b>Authors</b></a>
<p>FreeTTS was built by the
<a href="http://research.sun.com/research/speech/index.html">
Speech Integration Group</a> of <a href="http://research.sun.com">
Sun Microsystems Laboratories</a>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Willie Walker, Manager and Principal Investigator</li>
<li>Paul Lamere, Staff Engineer</li>
<li>Philip Kwok, Member of Technical Staff</li>
</ul>
<p>You can contact the Sun Microsystems Speech Integration Group
through the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=42080">
FreeTTS Forums</a>. </p>
<p>FreeTTS is based on <a href="http://www.cmuflite.org">CMU's Flite</a>,
written by:</p>
<ul>
<li>Alan Black </li>
<li>Kevin Lenzo</li>
</ul>
<p>Kevin and Alan generated the data used by FreeTTS. In addition,
Kevin is the voice behind the diphone voices (kevin 8k, kevin 16k),
and Alan is the voice behind the speaking clock.
<p>Support for MBROLA voice output was contributed by Marc
Schröder, text-to-speech Researcher in the <a
href="http://www.dfki.de/lt">Language Technology Lab at DFKI</a>,
Saarbrücken, Germany.
<p>Support for <a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">
importing FestVox voices into FreeTTS</a>, and support for
dynamically discovering and loading voices was developed by David
Vos, a Sun Microsystems Laboratories student intern.
</li>
<li><a name="possible_uses"><b>Possible uses of FreeTTS</b></a>
<p>Here are a few possible uses of FreeTTS: </p>
<ul>
<li><i><b>JSAPI 1.0 Synthesizer.</b></i> FreeTTS provides
partial support for the
<a href="jsapi_setup.html">
Java Speech API</a> (JSAPI) 1.0 specification. </li>
<li><i><b>Remote TTS Server.</b></i> FreeTTS can serve as a back-end
text-to-speech engine that works with a speech/telephony system,
or does the "heavy lifting" for a wireless PDA. Our
<a href="../demo/freetts/ClientServer/README.html">
client/server demo</a> shows how this can be done. </li>
<li><i><b>Desktop TTS engine.</b></i> You can use FreeTTS as your
workstation/desktop TTS engine. For example, our
<a href="../demo/JSAPI/Emacspeak/README.html">
Emacspeak demo</a> works right out of the box with
<a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/raman/emacspeak/emacspeak.html">
Emacspeak</a>.<br></li>
<li><i><b>Downloadable Web Application.</b></i> You can use FreeTTS
with Java Web Start. Our
<a href="../demo/JSAPI/WebStartClock/README.html">
WebStartClock demo</a> provides an example of how to do this.<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li><a name="contribute"><b>How to contribute to FreeTTS</b></a>
<p>We welcome contributions to FreeTTS. If you have code or fixes
you would like to submit, please contact the FreeTTS team at
<a href="mailto:freetts-contacts@sourceforge.net">
freetts-contacts@sourceforge.net</a>. The terms for contributing
code are generous and are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>Your code must be made available under the same BSD-style
<a href="../license.terms">license</a> agreement as FreeTTS.</li>
<li>You may place your own copyright in your source files.</li>
<li>You must sign and return the <a href="ContributorsAgreement.pdf">
Contributor's Agreement</a> to the address specified in the
Contributor's Agreement.</li>
<li>If you wish, we will add you to the "Acknowledgments" section on
the FreeTTS front page.</li>
</ul>
<p>These terms are for your and our protection and help ensure FreeTTS
continues to be a viable and successful open source project.</p>
</li>
<li><a name="acknowledgments"><b>Acknowledgments</b></a>
<p>Refer to <a href="../acknowledgments.txt">acknowledgments</a> to
see the list of people and organizations we would like to thank for
making this project possible. Most of all, we thank our management for
letting us do this, and Alan Black and Kevin Lenzo for doing Flite. </p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3>Installation</h3>
<p>FreeTTS has been tested on the Solaris<sup>
<font size="-1">TM</font></sup> Operating Environment, Mac OS X,
Linux and Win32 operating systems.
<p>Running, building, and testing FreeTTS requires the
Java<sup>TM</sup> 2 SDK, Standard Edition, 1.4. You can download
the developer kit from <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/">
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/</a>. Make sure you set your
JAVA_HOME environment variable to point your installation (e.g.,
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.0).
<h4><a name="download_and_install">Downloading and Installing</a></h4>
<p>FreeTTS has three packages available for
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=42080">
download</a>:
<ul>
<li><b>bin</b>: provides the jar files, documentation, and demos</li>
<li><b>src</b>: provides the sources, documentation, and demos</li>
<li><b>tst</b>: provides the JUnit and regression tests; requires the src
package</li>
</ul>
<p>If you plan on just creating applications with FreeTTS, the <b>bin</b>
package will be sufficient. If you plan on making modifications to FreeTTS
itself, however, you should use the <b>src</b> package. The <b>tst</b>
package will be useful if you wish to make sure any changes you made to
FreeTTS did not introduce any bugs or regressions.
<p>Download and unpack the package(s) appropriate for what you want to do.
Depending upon what you download, you will end up with all or part of the
following directory structure:</p>
<pre>
bin Binaries for the demos
build.xml Ant file for building the sources
com FreeTTS sources
de Sources for MBROLA support
demo Sources for the demos
demo.xml Ant file for building the demos
docs System documentation
javadoc Javadoc for FreeTTS
lib Jars for FreeTTS
mbrola Support for MBROLA
tests Sources and scripts for JUnit and regression tests
tools Tools for importing CMU ARCTIC and FestVox voice data
</pre>
<p>FreeTTS makes liberal use of the "Class-Path" attribute of a jar
Manifest. As such, you need to place very little in your classpath
when you run applications. The only things you need to do are the
following:
<ul>
<li>Place the <b>lib</b> directory anywhere you want.
<li>Make sure <b>lib/freetts.jar</b> is in your classpath.
</ul>
<p>Note that the <a href="#run_demo">demonstration applications</a>
also use a jar Manifest that uses the "Class-Path" attribute. The
build places the jar files for FreeTTS in the <b>lib</b> directory, and
the jar files for the demos in the <b>bin</b> directory. The jar manifests
for the demos depend on the <b>lib</b> and <b>bin</b> directories being
in the same top level directory. If you change this, the demos may not
work properly.
<h4><a name="quick_start">Quick Start</a></h4>
<p>If you are not interested in building FreeTTS, then you only need to
download the FreeTTS binary distribution from the
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=42080">
FreeTTS Download Page</a>. Once you've downloaded and unpacked
the FreeTTS binary distribution, perform the following steps:
<ol>
<li><a href="jsapi_setup.html">Set up support for the Java Speech API
(JSAPI).</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#run_demo">Run any of the demos</a>.
</li>
</ol>
<h4><a name="how_app"><b>Building Applications with FreeTTS</b></a></h4>
<p>We have provided a number of <a href="#run_demo">demonstration
applications</a> that use FreeTTS. We highly suggest that you use
these as examples for how to create your own applications. As noted
above, FreeTTS makes liberal use of the "Class-Path" attribute of a jar
Manifest. As such, you need to place very little in your classpath
when you run applications. The only things you need to do are the
following:
<ul>
<li>Place the <b>lib</b> directory anywhere you want.
<li>Make sure <b>lib/freetts.jar</b> is in your classpath.
</ul>
<h4><a name="how_build"><b>Building FreeTTS</b></a></h4>
<p>The prerequisites for building FreeTTS are as follows:
<ul>
<li><b>FreeTTS Source Distribution</b>. Download from
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=42080&release_id=65759">the FreeTTS download page</a>.
</li><br>
<li><b> JSAPI 1.0 specification implementation</b>. The JSAPI 1.0
specification implemention comes with the FreeTTS Source
Distribution. All you need to do is <a href="jsapi_setup.html">
set up JSAPI support</a>.
</li><br>
<li><b>Java<sup><font size="-1">TM</font></sup> 2 SDK, Standard
Edition, v1.4</b> available at
<a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/">
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/</a> (all platforms). After you
have downloaded and installed the SDK, remember to set your
<code><b>JAVA_HOME</b></code> environment variable to point to
where you installed it.
</li><br>
<li><b>Apache Ant 1.5.3</b> or
better. After you install ant, sure the "ant" command is in
your path. Visit the <a href="http://ant.apache.org/">Apache
Ant site</a> to get ant. <b>NOTE:</b> As you can see, we are
no longer using GNUMake.
</li><br>
<li><b>JUnit Version 3.7</b>. available at
<a href="http://www.junit.org">http://www.junit.org</a>
(all platforms). <b>IMPORTANT</b>: copy the <code>junit.jar</code>
to the <code>lib</code> directory of your Apache Ant installation.
</li><br>
</ul>
<p>To build FreeTTS, merely type the following in a command prompt
situated at the top level FreeTTS directory:
<ul>
<p><code>ant</code>
</ul>
<p>This executes the <a href="http://ant.apache.org/">Apache Ant</a>
command to build the FreeTTS classes, voices, demos, and jar files.
The output will be placed under the <code>bld</code> directory.
<p>We have also provided a number of ant targets for convenience:
<ul>
<p><code>ant clean</code>: deletes all the output from the build
to give you a fresh start
<br><code>ant javadoc</code>: builds the javadoc documentation and
places the results in the <code>javadoc</code> directory
<br><code>ant junit</code>: for testing only; runs the JUnit tests
(see <a href="#how_test">Testing FreeTTS</a>)
</ul>
<h4><a name="how_test"><b>Testing FreeTTS</b></a></h4>
<p>FreeTTS includes a number of unit and regression tests. The unit
tests verify that critical routines are working properly. The
regression tests verify that the output of FreeTTS matches what is
expected.
<p>Although we test FreeTTS regularly as part of our development process,
testing FreeTTS is optional for you. The prerequisites for testing
FreeTTS are as follows:
<ul>
<li><b>Follow Instructions for <a href="#how_build">Building FreeTTS</a></b>.
</li><br>
<li><b>FreeTTS Test Distribution</b>. In addition to the sources, you
must also download the test distribution from
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=42080&release_id=65759">the FreeTTS download page</a>.
</li><br>
<li><b>UNIX Scripting tools</b>. The regression tests use a number of
UNIX tools including: <code>sed, awk, diff,</code>and <code>wc</code>.
For Windows users, these tools are available with the Cygwin
(<a href="http://www.cygwin.com">http://www.cygwin.com</a>)
package. As part of the Cygwin install, make sure you select
the "make" package from the "Devel" category, the "findutils"
package from the "Base" category, and the "zip" package from
the "Archive" category. In addition, make sure you modify
your PATH environment variable to include the cygwin/bin
directory before any Windows directories.
</li>
</ul>
<p>To run the units tests for FreeTTS, merely type the following in a command
prompt situated at the top level FreeTTS directory:
<ul>
<p><code>ant junit</code>
</ul>
<p>The test output should be self explanatory.
<p>To run the regression tests, merely type the following in a command
prompt situated at the FreeTTS <code>tests</code> directory:
<ul>
<code>./regression.sh</code>
</ul>
<p>The test output should be self explanatory.
<hr>
<h3><a name="run_demo">Demos</a></h3>
<p>FreeTTS includes a number of demos. Each demo directory has Java
source file(s) containing the demo source and a 'README.html'
file with brief instructions as to how to run the demo.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../demo/JSAPI/HelloWorld/README.html"><b>
JSAPI/HelloWorld</b></a>: uses the JSAPI 1.0 Synthesis interface
to speak "Hello, World".
</li><br>
<li><a href="../demo/JSAPI/MixedVoices/README.html"><b>
JSAPI/MixedVoices</b></a>: demonstrates using multiple voices
and speech synthesizers in a coordinated fashion using JSAPI
1.0.
</li><br>
<li><a href="../demo/JSAPI/Player/README.html"><b>JSAPI/Player</b></a>:
Swing-based GUI that allows the user to monitor and manipulate a
JSAPI 1.0 Speech Synthesizer.
</li><br>
<li><a href="../demo/JSAPI/JTime/README.html"><b>JSAPI/JTime</b></a>:
JSAPI program that uses a limited-domain, high quality voice to
tell the time.
</li><br>
<li><a href="../demo/JSAPI/Emacspeak/README.html"><b>JSAPI/Emacspeak</b></a>:
uses JSAPI 1.0 to provide a text-to-speech server for Emacspeak.
</li><br>
<li><b><a href="../demo/JSAPI/WebStartClock/README.html">
JSAPI/WebStartClock</a></b>: JSAPI talking clock that can be
downloaded from the web using Java Web Start.
</li><br>
<li><a href="../demo/freetts/HelloWorld/README.html"><b>
freetts/HelloWorld</b></a>: low-level (non-JSAPI) program that
speaks a greeting to the world.
</li><br>
<li><a href="../demo/freetts/ClientServer/README.html"><b>
freetts/ClientServer</b></a>: low-level (non-JSAPI) socket-based
TTS server with sample clients written in the C programming
language and the Java programming language.
</li>
</ul>
<p><b>NOTE</b>: The binaries for the demos exist as jar files in the
bin directory of the binary distribution. If you only wish to
run the demos, follow only the "Running" instructions for each
demo. If you want to compile the demos, you must get the sources
from the FreeTTS source distribution available on the
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=42080">
FreeTTS Download Page</a>.
<p>Note also that the <a href="#run_demo">demonstration applications</a>
also use a jar Manifest that uses the "Class-Path" attribute. The
build places the jar files for FreeTTS in the <b>lib</b> directory, and
the jar files for the demos in the <b>bin</b> directory. The jar manifests
for the demos depend on the <b>lib</b> and <b>bin</b> directories being
in the same top level directory. If you change this, the demos may not
work properly.
<hr>
<h3><a name="test_program"></a>FreeTTS Test Program</h4>
<p>The FreeTTS distribution includes a program that will allow you to
test many of the features of FreeTTS. This program is started by
running the following command:
<p><code>java -jar lib/freetts.jar</code>.
<pre>
<b>NAME</b>
freetts - exercise the FreeTTS synthesis sytem<br><br>
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
The lib/freetts.jar contains a main entry point that allows a user to
interactively control the FreeTTS synthesizer. When invoked with no
arguments, freetts will read text from the command line and convert
the text to speech. freetts can also be used to convert text from a
file to speech. It includes options that allow you to redirect the
audio to file, as well as a number of metrics and debugging options.
<b>OPTIONS</b>
There are a number of options that can be used to affect the operation
of freetts as described here:
-detailedMetrics: turn on detailed metrics
-dumpAudio file : dump audio to file
-dumpAudioTypes : dump the possible output types
-dumpMultiAudio file : dump audio to file
-dumpRelations : dump the relations
-dumpUtterance : dump the final utterance
-dumpASCII file : dump the final wave to file in ASCII form (for testing)
-file file : speak text from given file
-lines file : render lines from a file
-help : shows usage information
-metrics : turn on metrics
-run name : sets the name of the run
-silent : don't say anything
-streaming : use streaming audio player
-text say me : speak given text (should be last argument)
-url path : speak text from given URL
-verbose : verbose output
-version : shows version number
-voice VOICE : kevin, kevin16, mbrola_us1, mbrola_us2, or mbrola_us3
-voiceInfo : print detailed voice info
<b>EXAMPLES</b>
<P><i>Interactive mode:</i>
% java -jar lib/freetts.jar
Enter text: Hello World.
<i><text is spoken></i>
Enter text: ^D
%
<p><i>Speaking text from a command line:</i>
% java -jar lib/freetts.jar -text hello world
<i><text is spoken></i>
<p><i>Speaking text from a file:</i>
% java -jar lib/freetts.jar -file my_email.txt
<i><text is spoken></i>
<p><i>Selecting an alternate voice:</i>
% java -jar lib/freetts.jar -voice kevin16 -text Hello World
<i><text is spoken></i>
<p><i>Redirecting audio to a file:</i>
% java -jar lib/freetts.jar -dumpAudio hello.wav -text Hello World
</pre>
<hr>
<h3>Tools</h3>
<h4><a name="festvox">Importing Voice Data from FestVox</a></h4>
<p>FreeTTS now has the ability to import voice data from FestVox (US
English only). With this, you can record your own voice using the
FestVox tools, and then turn the resulting data into a FreeTTS voice.
<p>Visit our <a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">
FestVoxToFreeTTS</a> page to learn how to create your own
voices for FreeTTS. It's not trivial, and it requires using
Festival and FestVox.
<h4><a name="festvox">Importing CMU ARCTIC Voice Data</a></h4>
<p>FreeTTS now has the ability to import CMU ARCTIC voice data from
FestVox (US English only). The CMU ARCTIC voices are quite large
and require a little extra work, so we created tools just for these
voices.
<p>Visit our <a href="../tools/ArcticToFreeTTS/README.html">
ArcticToFreeTTS</a> page to learn how to import the CMU ARCTIC voices
into FreeTTS.
<hr>
<h3>Documentation</h3>
<ul class="noindent">
<li><a name="freetts_api"><b>API documentation</b></a>:
The <a href="../javadoc/index.html">FreeTTS API</a> contains the
engine documentation.
</li><br>
<li><a name="writing_software"><b>Writing software with FreeTTS</b></a>:
We recommend that you use the
<a href="http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/speech/forDevelopers/jsapi-doc/index.html">
Java Speech API (JSAPI) 1.0</a> to interface with FreeTTS. The
JSAPI interface provides the best method of controlling and
using FreeTTS. The <a href="#run_demo">JSAPI demos</a> provide
a set of examples that show how to select a FreeTTS synthesizer
and make it speak.
</li><br>
<li><a name="freetts_guide"><b>Programmer's Guide</b></a>:
The <a href="ProgrammerGuide.html">Programmer's Guide</a> provides
a view of the FreeTTS internals. This is meant for people who wish
to enhance FreeTTS itself.
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3>Frequently Asked Questions</h3>
<ul>
<li><a name="why_jdk1.4"><b>Why must I use Java 2 SDK, Standard
Edition, v1.4?</b></a>
<p>Some of the many compelling reasons to use Java 2 SDK, Standard
Edition, v1.4. are: </p>
<ul>
<li><b>New IO package</b> - Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, v1.4
provides a new IO (<code><b>java.nio</b></code>) package
that provides memory mapped file I/O. This package
drastically reduces the load times of the FreeTTS
databases. </li>
<li><b>Regular expressions</b> - Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition,
v1.4 provides a new package for regular expression matching
(<code><b>java.util.regex</b></code>). They are used in the
FreeTTS text normalization step.</li>
<li><b>Assert Facility</b> - Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, v1.4
added the new <code>assert</code> keyword to ensure that
certain conditions are satisfied before continuing
execution. FreeTTS uses this keyword in all stages of speech
synthesis.</li>
<li><b>Compiler Optimizations</b> - Java 2 SDK, Standard
Edition, v1.4 has numerous compiler optimizations that
produce faster and more compact code. For example, with the
<code><b>-server</b></code> switch, byte codes are optimized
to eliminate bounds checking on array accesses whenever
possible.</li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li><a name="performance"><b>How does FreeTTS perform?</b></a>
<p>We compared the performance of FreeTTS with that of Flite
(original C version) on a machine with this configuration:</p>
<ul>
<li>single 296MHz CPU SPARC v9 processor</li>
<li>Solaris<sup><font size="-1">TM</font></sup> 8 in 64-bit mode</li>
<li>Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, v 1.4 </li>
</ul>
<p>We rendered the first two chapters of <i>Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland</i> by Lewis Carroll (about 20 minutes of text), and
the entire text of Jules Verne's <i>Journey to the Center of
the Earth</i> (about 8 hours of text) using both Flite and
FreeTTS. The results are summarized below: </p>
<p><table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="60%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ccccee"> <b>Single CPU 296MHz SPARC v9</b></td>
<td bgcolor="#ccccee"><b>Flite</b></td>
<td bgcolor="#ccccee"><b>FreeTTS</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ddddee">Loading Time for 'Alice' text</td>
<td> 0.0s</td>
<td> 4.1s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ddddee">Processing Time for 'Alice' text</td>
<td>43.7s</td>
<td> 24.1s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeff">Loading Time for 'Journey' text</td>
<td> 0.0s</td>
<td> 7.0s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeff">Processing Time for 'Journey' text</td>
<td> 1019.2s</td>
<td> 341.0s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ddddee">Time to first Sample (10 word sentence)</td>
<td> 195ms</td>
<td> 41ms</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></p>
<p>On a 2-CPU system with the following configuration: </p>
<ul>
<li> Dual 360MHz CPU SPARC v9 Processor system</li>
<li>Solaris<sup><font size="-1">TM</font></sup> 8 in 64-bit mode</li>
<li>Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, v 1.4 </li>
</ul>
<p>The results are summarized below: </p>
<p><table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="60%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ccccee"> <b>Dual CPU 360MHz SPARC v9</b></td>
<td bgcolor="#ccccee"><b>Flite</b></td>
<td bgcolor="#ccccee"><b>FreeTTS</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ddddee">Loading Time for 'Alice' text</td>
<td>0.0s</td>
<td> 2.9s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ddddee">Processing Time for 'Alice' text</td>
<td>35.7s</td>
<td> 14.2s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeff">Loading Time for 'Journey' text</td>
<td> 0.0s</td>
<td> 3.8s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#eeeeff">Processing Time for 'Journey' text</td>
<td> 842.7s</td>
<td> 189.5s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#ddddee">Time to first Sample (10 word sentence)</td>
<td> 165ms</td>
<td> 33ms</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></p>
</li><br>
<li><a name="voices_available"><b>What voices are available?</b></a>
<p>Currently, the distribution comes with these 3 voices:</p>
<ul>
<li>a low quality, unlimited domain, 8kHz diphone voice, called
kevin</li>
<li>a medium quality, unlimited domain, 16kHz diphone voice, called
kevin16</li>
<li>a high quality, limited domain, 16kHz cluster unit voice,
called alan</li>
</ul>
<p>Each of the <a href="#run_demo">demos</a> describes how to select
which voice to use.
<p>FreeTTS also interfaces with the MBROLA synthesizer and can
use MBROLA voices. There are three US English MBROLA voices
available:
<ul>
<li>16kHz female (mbrola1)</li>
<li>16kHz male (mbrola2)</li>
<li>16kHz male (mbrola3)</li>
</ul>
<p>See <b><a href="../mbrola/README.html">Installing MBROLA
Voices</a> </b>for more details on installing support for
MBROLA voices.
<p><b>NOTE</b>: FreeTTS does not support MBROLA on
the Windows platform.
</li><br>
<li><a name="why_sound_bad"><b>Why does the diphone synthesizer sound
so bad?</b></a>
<p>First of all, we're happy to say you can now
<a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">create your own
voices for FreeTTS</a>, and you can also
<a href="../tools/ArcticToFreeTTS/README.html">import CMU
ARCTIC voices</a>. It's not trivial, and it requires using
Festival and FestVox.
<p>However, the ability to create your own voices doesn't explain
why the current voices sound so bad. FreeTTS uses the same
algorithms and voice data from Flite. Here is what the Flite
README says about voice quality:</p>
<blockquote>
<i>"So you've eagerly downloaded flite, compiled it and run it,
now you are disappointed that is doesn't sound wonderful,
sure its fast and small but what you really hoped for was
the dulcit tones of a deep baritone voice that would make
you desperately hang on every phrase it sang. But instead
you get an 8Khz diphone voice that sounds like it came from
the last millenium.</i>
<p><i>Well, first, you are right, it is an 8KHz diphone voice
from the last millenium, and that was actually deliberate.
As we developed flite we wanted a voice that was stable and
that we could directly compare with that very same voice in
Festival. Flite is an *engine*. We want to be able take
voices built with the FestVox process and compile them for
flite, the result should be exactly the same quality (though
of course trading the size for quality in flite is also an
option). The included voice is just an sample voice that
was used in the testing process. We have better voices in
Festival and are working on the conversion process to make
it both more automatic and more robust and tunable, but we
haven't done that yet, so in this first beta release. This
old poor sounding voice is all we have, sorry, we'll provide
you with free, high-quality, scalable, configurable, natural
sounding voices for flite, in all languages and dialects,
with the tools to built new voices efficiently and robustly
as soon as we can. Though in the mean time, a few higher
quality voices will be released with the next
version.</i>''
</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><b><a name="How_do_I_create_a_new_voice_How_do_I"></a>
How do I create a new voice?</b>
<p>As of FreeTTS 1.2, we provide a
<a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">set of tools</a>
that allow you to import FestVox voice data directly. As such,
you need to use Festival and FestVox to record your data. See
<a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">our documentation</a>
for more detail on how to do this.
</li>
<li><a name="import_voice_data"><b>How do I import new voice data
from Festival and FestVox?</b></a>
<p>As of FreeTTS 1.2, we provide a
<a href="../tools/FestVoxToFreeTTS/README.html">set of tools</a>
that allow you to import FestVox voice data directly, and we
also have tools that allows you to <a
href="../tools/ArcticToFreeTTS/README.html">import CMU ARCTIC voices</a>.
</li>
<li><b><a name="How_do_I_add_support_for_a_voice_with"></a>
How do I add support for a language other than English?</b>
<p>This is not a trivial task as it requires a lexicon for the language
as well as various statistical data about the language. The document
<a href="http://festvox.org/festvox/festvox_toc.html">
http://festvox.org/festvox/festvox_toc.html</a> describes this
is more detail.
</li>
<li><a name="output_to_file"><b>How do I output synthesized speech to
an audio file?</b></a>
<p>With <code>the <a href="#test_program">FreeTTS</a></code>
<a href="#test_program">test program</a>, you can dump audio output
to a file using the <code>-dumpAudio</code> option: </p>
<p><code><b>-dumpAudio filename</b></code></p>
<p>The audio file format can be .wav, .au, or .aif, depending on
the file name. For example, if <code>"filename"</code> is
"foo.au" the file format will be .au. </p>
<p>The <code><b>-dumpMultiAudio</b></code> option (same format as
<code>-dumpAudio</code>) dumps audio to multiple audio files,
one file per utterance. In this case, if
<code>"filename"</code> is "foo.wav", the files are named
foo0.wav, foo1.wav, foo2.wav, etc.. Again, the file format is
determined by the extension of the filename.<br>
<p>If you are writing your own application, you can set the audio player
of the FreeTTS Voice to one of the file-based audio players.
See the FreeTTS API documentation for:
<ul>
<li><a href="../javadoc/com/sun/speech/freetts/Voice.html">Voice</a> -
describes how to set the
<a href="../javadoc/com/sun/speech/freetts/audio/AudioPlayer.html">
AudioPlayer</a> for a voice. You can also set the
default AudioPlayer via the command line by defining the
"com.sun.speech.freetts.voice.defaultAudioPlayer" system
property. The value of this property must be the name of
a class that implements the AudioPlayer interface, and which
also has a no-arg constructor.</li><br>
<li><a href="../javadoc/com/sun/speech/freetts/jsapi/FreeTTSVoice.html#getVoice()">
FreeTTSVoice.getVoice</a> - allows you to get the underlying
FreeTTS Voice object from the JSAPI FreeTTSVoice object.
NOTE that doing this means you end up straying from the
JSAPI specification. An example of how you might use this
method is as follows:
<pre>
desc = (SynthesizerModeDesc) synthesizer.getEngineModeDesc();
javax.speech.synthesis.Voice[] jsapiVoices = desc.getVoices();
javax.speech.synthesis.Voice jsapiVoice = voices[0];
/* Non-JSAPI modification of voice audio player
*/
if (jsapiVoice instanceof com.sun.speech.freetts.jsapi.FreeTTSVoice) {
com.sun.speech.freetts.Voice freettsVoice =
((com.sun.speech.freetts.jsapi.FreeTTSVoice) jsapiVoice).getVoice();
freettsVoice.setAudioPlayer(new SingleFileAudioPlayer());
}
</pre>
</li>
<li><a href="../javadoc/com/sun/speech/freetts/audio/SingleFileAudioPlayer.html">
SingleFileAudioPlayer</a> - an AudioPlayer that sends all
output to a single file.</li><br>
<li><a href="../javadoc/com/sun/speech/freetts/audio/MultiFileAudioPlayer.html">
MultiFileAudioPlayer</a> - an AudioPlayer that sends each utterance to a separate file.</li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li><a name="is_full_jsapi"><b>Does FreeTTS provide full support for
the JSAPI 1.0 specification?</b></a>
<p>No. Since FreeTTS is a speech synthesis system, none of the
JSAPI 1.0 Recognition interfaces are supported. In addition,
FreeTTS supports only a subset of the JSAPI 1.0
javax.speech.synthesis specification. The FreeTTS support
for JSAPI 1.0 has the following restrictions:
<ul>
<li>JSML Speech Markup is ignored. FreeTTS JSAPI will process
JSML, but currently does not apply the markup to the
generated speech.</li>
<li>FreeTTS does not currently generate the <code>WORD_STARTED</code>
or the <code>MARKER_REACHED</code> events.</li>
<li>Vocabulary management is not supported.</li>
<li>The <code>Synthesizer.phoneme()</code> method is not
implemented.</li>
<li><code>PropertyVeto</code> exceptions are not always properly
thrown when property change requests are rejected or
constrained.</li>
</ul>
<p>Note that the JSAPI specification is undergoing changes. The
official work being done on JSAPI is now for JSAPI 2.0 via the
Java Community Process (JCP) under JSR-113. Read more about
the JCP and JSR-113 at
<a href="http://www.jcp.org">http://www.jcp.org.</a></p>
</li>
<li><a name="no_jsapi"><b>Why do I get a NoClassDefFoundError when I
try to run a demo?</b></a>
<p>You probably need to install the JSAPI 1.0 specification
implementation. See the <a href="jsapi_setup.html">JSAPI setup guide</a>
for more details.</p>
</li>
<li><a name="old_java"><b>Why do I get an
UnsupportedClassVersionError when I try to run a demo?</b></a>
<p>You probably are trying to run with an older (jdk 1.4) version of
the java runtime. To verify this type:</p>
<pre>% java -version<br></pre>
<p>You should see something like: <code>java version
"1.4.0"</code> or <code> higher</code>. If you see
something older that this, such as <code> java version "1.2.2"
</code> then you are indeed running with an older version of
the java runtime. See <a href="#how_build">Prerequisites
for building and running FreeTTS</a> for more details on what
is needed to run FreeTTS.
</li>
<li><b><a name="What_does_the_message_Cant_find"></a>
What does the message "Can't find diphone xx-yy" mean?</b>
<p>There are approximately 45 phonemes in the English
language. FreeTTS uses a technique called diphone synthesis
which uses pairs of phonemes called diphones as an index into
the unit database. Not all phoneme combinations occur in the
English language. FreeTTS, in order to conserve space, does not
include diphone information for diphones that do not naturally
occur. This message indicates that FreeTTS encountered one of
these omitted diphones. This generally occurs when FreeTTS
tries to speak gibberish or non-English text.
</li>
<li><b><a name="I_get_no_sound_when_I_run_one_of_the"></a>
I get no sound when I run one of the FreeTTS demos. Why?</b>
<p>If you run HelloWorld or another one of the FreeTTS demos and
receive no messages, then FreeTTS thinks that everything is
working fine, but obviously it's not if you are not hearing
anything. Try running another java application that uses the
javax.sound APIs. Try downloading the javasound demo from
<a href="http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/sound/samples/JavaSoundDemo/" target="_blank">
http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/sound/samples/JavaSoundDemo/</a>
and make sure that it runs (and 'sounds') OK.
</li>
<li><b><a name="Can_I_use_FreeTTS_in_an_applet"></a>
Can I use FreeTTS in an applet?</b>
<p>We do not recommend trying this. It's a quagmire of complexity
and the end user experience is not what you expect. The JSAPI
layer of FreeTTS will attempt to access to the
<code>speech.properties</code> file in the user's home
directory. The applet security mechanism will not allow such
access and will throw a SecurityException if such an attempt is
made.
<p>Instead of using FreeTTS in an applet, we highly recommend you
consider using <a href="#Can_I_use_FreeTTS_with_JavaTM_Web_Start">
Java Web Start</a>.
</li>
<li><b><a name="Can_I_use_FreeTTS_with_JavaTM_Web_Start"></a>Can I
use FreeTTS with Java<sup>TM</sup> Web Start?</b>
<p>FreeTTS includes a <a href="../demo/JSAPI/WebStartClock/README.html">
WebStartClock demo</a> application that demonstrates how to write a
Web Start application that uses FreeTTS.
</li>
<li><b><a name="How_do_I_bypass_speech_properties"></a>
How do I bypass the need for <code>speech.properties</code>?</b>
<p>JSAPI's <code>Central</code> class looks for a file named
<code>speech.properties</code>. To bypass this, use a
different mechanism. A detailed discussion of this approach
in the FreeTTS Help forum:
<a href="https://sourceforge.net/forum/message.php?msg_id=1549044">
Avoiding the need for speech.properties.</a>
<p>The <a href="../demo/JSAPI/WebStartClock/README.html">
WebStartClock demo</a> also provides an example of how to do this:
<pre>
public void createSynthesizer() {
try {
SynthesizerModeDesc desc =
new SynthesizerModeDesc(null,
"time", /* use "time" or "general" */
Locale.US,
Boolean.FALSE,
null);
FreeTTSEngineCentral central = new FreeTTSEngineCentral();
EngineList list = central.createEngineList(desc);
if (list.size() > 0) {
EngineCreate creator = (EngineCreate) list.get(0);
synthesizer = (Synthesizer) creator.createEngine();
}
if (synthesizer == null) {
System.err.println("Cannot create synthesizer");
System.exit(1);
}
synthesizer.allocate();
synthesizer.resume();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
</pre>
</li>
<li><b><a name="What_does_the_message_Line_unavailable"></a>What does
the message "Line unavailable" mean?</b>
<p>This message is output when FreeTTS tries to allocate sound
resources and the requested resources are unavailable. This can
occur for a number of reasons:
<ul>
<li>Your computer does not have any sound capabilties, or is not
allowing FreeTTS to access these capabilities</li>
<li>Another application is using the resources and cannot share them</li>
<li>The requested audio format is not suppported by your hardware</li>
</ul>
</li><br>
<li><a name="where_is_recognizer"><b>Where is the speech recognizer?</b></a>
<p>This is an implementation of a speech synthesizer and does not
include a speech recognizer. Please keep your eye on the
'cmusphinx' project on <a
href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/">SourceForge</a>
for developments in this area. </p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
See the <a href="../license.terms">license terms</a> and
<a href="../acknowledgments.txt">acknowledgments</a>.<br>
Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
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