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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Manuale di Galois 0.7</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="it" class="article"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="index"></a>Manuale di Galois 0.7</h2></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerardo</span> <span class="surname">Ballabio</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="releaseinfo">
Questo manuale descrive la versione 0.7 di Galois.
</p></div><div><p class="copyright">Diritto d'autore 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 Gerardo Ballabio</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a name="galois-legal-notice"></a><p>
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in <a class="xref" href="#fdl" title="B.GNU Free Documentation License">AppendiceB, <i>GNU Free Documentation License</i></a>.
</p></div></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Diario delle Revisioni"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Diario delle Revisioni</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.1</td><td align="left">Novembre 2012</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.2</td><td align="left">Gennaio 2013</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.3</td><td align="left">Marzo 2014</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.4</td><td align="left">Luglio 2015</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.5</td><td align="left">Novembre 2017</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.6</td><td align="left">Giugno 2018</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.7</td><td align="left">Agosto 2020</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Indice</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-introduction">Introduzione</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-name-of-the-game">Nome del gioco</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-legal-notice-2">Note legali</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-how-to-install">Come installare</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-supported-platforms">Piattaforme supportate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-hardware-requirements">Requisiti hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-binary-packages">Pacchetti binari</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-source-installation">Installazione da sorgente</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-dependencies">Dipendenze</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-upgrade-notes">Note per l'aggiornamento</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-how-to-play">Come giocare</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-running-galois">Lanciare Galois</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-game-interface">Interfaccia del gioco</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-game-controls">Controlli del gioco</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-preferences">Preferenze</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-scores">Punteggi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-how-to-contribute">Come contribuire</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-contact-information">Informazioni per contatti</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#gpl">A.
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#fdl">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></div><a class="indexterm" name="idm44"></a><a class="indexterm" name="idm46"></a><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-introduction"></a>Introduzione</h2></div></div></div><p>
Galois un videogioco del tipo con i "blocchi che cadono", ma
con caratteristiche uniche.
Diversamente dalla maggior parte degli altri giochi di questo
tipo, non limitato a blocchi fatti da quattro mattoncini
quadrati bidimensionali: potete scegliere tra varie diverse
forme di mattoncini, blocchi composti da pi o meno mattoncini,
e persino tra partite bi e tridimensionali.
</p><p>
</p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figure1.png"></div><p>
</p><p>
Galois
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">software libero</a>,
rilasciato sotto le condizioni della GNU General Public License,
versione 3 o successiva.
Questo significa essenzialmente che potete usarlo, modificarlo e
redistribuirlo senza restrizioni, eccetto che vi si richiede di
trasmettere la stessa libert a tutti coloro ai quali lo
redistribuite.
</p><p>
Galois ospitato su
<a class="ulink" href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/" target="_top">Savannah</a>, il
sito di sviluppo software per le persone che tengono al software
libero.
</p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-name-of-the-game"></a>Nome del gioco</h3></div></div></div><p>
variste Galois era un matematico francese, uno dei fondatori
della "teoria dei gruppi", una struttura che attraversa quasi
tutti i campi della matematica moderna.
Questo gioco fa uso internamente di gruppi di un tipo
specifico, i gruppi di simmetria.
Poich il primo gioco con i blocchi che cadono (che
sfortunatamente era un programma proprietario) aveva un nome
che terminava con "is", ho pensato che chiamare il mio Galois
sarebbe stato un bell'omaggio a entrambi.
E come bonus aggiuntivo, comincia con G, come Gtk+ e GNOME.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-legal-notice-2"></a>Note legali</h3></div></div></div><p>
Copyright
2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020
Gerardo Ballabio
</p><p>
Galois is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
the License, or (at your option) any later version.
</p><p>
Galois is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
</p><p>
A copy of the license is included in <a class="xref" href="#gpl" title="A. GNU General Public License version 3">AppendiceA, <i>
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</i></a>.
</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-how-to-install"></a>Come installare</h2></div></div></div><p>
La versione pi recente di Galois si pu scaricare dal sito web
di Galois:
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.nongnu.org/galois/#download" target="_top">
http://www.nongnu.org/galois/</a>
</p><p>
Il modo pi semplice installare un binario precompilato, se
disponibile per la vostra piattaforma (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-binary-packages" title="Pacchetti binari">sezione chiamata Pacchetti binari</a>).
Altrimenti, dovrete scaricare il codice sorgente e compilarlo
(vedi <a class="xref" href="#galois-source-installation" title="Installazione da sorgente">sezione chiamata Installazione da sorgente</a>).
</p><p>
Se state aggiornando da una versione pi vecchia, vi pu
interessare leggere le note per l'aggiornamento (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-upgrade-notes" title="Note per l'aggiornamento">sezione chiamata Note per l'aggiornamento</a>).
</p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-supported-platforms"></a>Piattaforme supportate</h3></div></div></div><p>
Galois dovrebbe funzionare su qualunque sistema sul quale le
librerie software da cui dipende siano disponibili (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-dependencies" title="Dipendenze">sezione chiamata Dipendenze</a>).
Questo comprende (ma non limitato a) GNU/Linux, BSD,
Microsoft Windows, e Mac OS X.
</p><p>
stato effettivamente testato sui seguenti sistemi:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Debian GNU/Linux stabile, architetture i386 e amd64 (cio
PC a 32 e a 64 bit).
Il secondo il mio computer, quindi e rester la
piattaforma meglio supportata nel futuro prevedibile.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Microsoft Windows XP, 7 e 10.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Se lo provate su un altro sistema, sia che riusciate o che
falliate, per favore fatemi sapere.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-hardware-requirements"></a>Requisiti hardware</h3></div></div></div><p>
Essendo un gioco che non richiede un'animazione veloce n
grafica sofisticata, Galois ha requisiti molto ridotti.
Dovrebbe funzionare bene anche su computer molto vecchi ed
economici e senza accelerazione hardware.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-binary-packages"></a>Pacchetti binari</h3></div></div></div><p>
In questo momento, binari precompilati di Galois sono
disponibili per le seguenti piattaforme:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Debian GNU/Linux: a partire da Debian 10 (Buster) Galois
fa parte del rilascio stabile ufficiale di Debian.
Questo significa che potete installarlo tramite gli
strumenti standard di gestione dei pacchetti di Debian,
cio <span class="command"><strong>apt-get</strong></span> o
<span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> sulla riga di comando, o un
package manager grafico come <span class="command"><strong>synaptic</strong></span>.
Il nome del pacchetto <code class="filename">galois</code>.
Per esempio, se siete autorizzati ad usare
<span class="command"><strong>sudo</strong></span>, potete eseguire:
</p><pre class="synopsis">
sudo apt-get install galois</pre><p>
Il pacchetto disponibile per tutte le architetture
rilasciate.
Ho verificato che funziona su i386 e amd64; si suppone che
funzioni anche sulle altre architetture, ma non so se
qualcuno abbia effettivamente provato.
Se provate, per favore fatemi sapere.
</p><p>
La versione in Debian 10 Galois 0.6.
Se volete una versione pi recente, potete scaricare un
pacchetto binario compilato per stabile dal sito web di
Galois e installarlo con <span class="command"><strong>dpkg</strong></span>.
Questo disponibile per le architetture i386 e amd64.
</p><p>
Il pacchetto Debian potrebbe funzionare anche su
distribuzioni derivate da Debian, come Ubuntu e altre.
Se provate, per favore fatemi sapere.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Microsoft Windows: c' un binario di Galois che potete
scaricare ed eseguire, ma non c' un pacchetto di
installazione completo che installi anche i file di
documentazione e faccia comparire Galois nel men dei
programmi.
La documentazione comunque disponibile sul sito web di
Galois.
</p><p>
Il binario stato compilato su Debian GNU/Linux usando
l'ambiente di cross-compilazione
<a class="ulink" href="http://mxe.cc/" target="_top">MXE</a>.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Per le altre piattaforme, Galois deve essere compilato da
sorgente (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-source-installation" title="Installazione da sorgente">sezione chiamata Installazione da sorgente</a>).
Sono disponibile a fornire pacchetti binari se qualcuno si
offre volontario per compilarli e mantenerli.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-source-installation"></a>Installazione da sorgente</h3></div></div></div><p>
Per installare Galois da sorgente, per prima cosa dovete
controllare che tutte le sue dipendenze siano installate sul
vostro sistema, e installare tutte quelle mancanti (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-dependencies" title="Dipendenze">sezione chiamata Dipendenze</a>).
Quando avete fatto questo, estraete il file archivio compresso
<code class="filename">galois-0.7.tar.gz</code> in una directory a
vostra scelta.
Poi aprite una shell di comando (console o terminale),
spostatevi nella directory base dell'albero dei sorgenti
estratto, <code class="filename">galois-0.7</code>, e scrivete i
seguenti comandi:
</p><pre class="synopsis">
./configure
make
make install</pre><p>
<code class="filename">configure</code> ha molte opzioni da riga di
comando con cui potete specificare dove installare, dove
trovare le dipendenze (questo vi servir se sono installate in
posizioni non standard), quali flag di compilazione usare, e
cos via.
Eseguite <span class="command"><strong>./configure --help</strong></span> per una lista
completa.
</p><p>
Per il passo <span class="command"><strong>make install</strong></span>, dovete avere il
permesso di scrittura sulla directory di installazione.
Su GNU/Linux e altri sistemi Unix-compatibili, se state
installando nella posizione standard (cio sotto
<code class="filename">/usr/local</code>), ci vuol dire che dovete
eseguire questo comando come root (usate <span class="command"><strong>su</strong></span>
o <span class="command"><strong>sudo</strong></span>).
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-dependencies"></a>Dipendenze</h3></div></div></div><p>
Per poter compilare Galois, i seguenti pacchetti devono essere
installati sul vostro sistema:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Un ambiente Unix di base, compreso il programma
<code class="filename">make</code>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="ulink" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/" target="_top">g++</a> o un altro
compilatore C++ che supporti almeno lo standard C++11
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.gtkmm.org/" target="_top">gtkmm</a>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="ulink" href="http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">
libxml++</a>
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Per tutte le principali versioni di GNU/Linux, versioni
precompilate di questi pacchetti sono disponibili.
Le librerie precompilate sono solitamente suddivise in un
pacchetto "base" e uno "di sviluppo" (il secondo ha un nome
che termina con <code class="filename">-dev</code> o
<code class="filename">-devel</code>).
Per compilare Galois, dovete installare entrambi; mentre per
eseguire il programma compilato, sono richiesti solo i
pacchetti base.
Se volete anche poter ricompilare le versioni HTML e PDF della
documentazione, vi serviranno anche questi:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="ulink" href="https://pagure.io/xmlto/" target="_top">xmlto</a>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<a class="ulink" href="http://dblatex.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">dblatex</a>
(per la versione PDF)
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Nomi dei pacchetti per Debian 10 (Buster):
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
pacchetti base:
<code class="filename">libgtkmm-3.0-1v5</code>,
<code class="filename">libxml++2.6-2v5</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
compilatore e pacchetti di sviluppo:
<code class="filename">make</code>, <code class="filename">g++</code>,
<code class="filename">libgtkmm-3.0-dev</code>,
<code class="filename">libxml++2.6-dev</code>.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
strumenti per compilare la documentazione:
<code class="filename">xmlto</code>, <code class="filename">dblatex</code>,
<code class="filename">texlive-lang-italian</code> (per la versione
italiana).
</p></li></ul></div><p>
I pacchetti per altre distribuzioni di GNU/Linux dovrebbero
avere nomi simili, in particolare per le distribuzioni
derivate da Debian.
</p><p>
Se state installando un pacchetto binario precompilato (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-binary-packages" title="Pacchetti binari">sezione chiamata Pacchetti binari</a>),
normalmente non vi dovete preoccupare di avere le necessarie
dipendenze installate perch il sistema di gestione dei
pacchetti se ne occupa automaticamente.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-upgrade-notes"></a>Note per l'aggiornamento</h3></div></div></div><p>
In Galois 0.3, i percorsi dove sono conservati i file di dati
degli utenti sono stati cambiati per essere pi coerenti con
le convenzioni comunemente usate.
Se state aggiornando da una release pi vecchia, i file
esistenti <span class="emphasis"><em>non</em></span> verranno spostati
automaticamente nei nuovi percorsi: se non volete perdere le
vostre impostazioni e i punteggi, dovete spostarli manualmente
<span class="emphasis"><em>prima</em></span> di lanciare la nuova versione.
</p><p>
Il nuovo percorso per il file delle impostazioni
<span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.conf</code>,
dove <span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span> il percorso restituito
dalla funzione di glibmm
<code class="function">get_user_config_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.config</code> nei sistemi
GNU/Linux).
Il vecchio percorso era
<span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois.conf</code>
(senza la sottodirectory <code class="filename">galois</code>).
Dovete creare la sottodirectory e spostarvi il file.
</p><p>
Il nuovo percorso per il file dei punteggi
<span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.res</code>,
dove <span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span> il percorso restituito
dalla funzione di glibmm
<code class="function">get_user_data_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.local/share</code> nei
sistemi GNU/Linux).
Il vecchio percorso era
<span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois.res</code>
(senza la sottodirectory <code class="filename">galois</code>).
Dovete creare la sottodirectory e spostarvi il file.
</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-how-to-play"></a>Come giocare</h2></div></div></div><p>
Le partite di Galois si giocano su un tabellone fatto di celle
quadrate, esagonali, triangolari o cubiche, dove blocchi fatti
di "mattoncini" attaccati insieme, ciascuno dei quali occupa una
cella, cadono a passo costante, uno per volta, finch si posano
sul fondo del tabellone o sopra altri blocchi.
</p><p>
Mentre cadono, potete muoverli orizzontalmente, ruotarli e (se
questa opzione abilitata) rifletterli, in modo che quando si
posano, si incastrino con gli altri blocchi, lasciando meno
celle vuote possibile.
Quando una linea orizzontale (o, nelle partite 3D, un piano)
occupata completamente da mattoncini, viene rimossa dal
tabellone, e tutti i mattoncini che stavano al di sopra di essa
cadono gi di una cella.
(Potete anche rimuovere pi linee in una volta sola se le
completate con lo stesso blocco.)
</p><p>
L'obiettivo rimuovere le linee (o i piani) abbastanza in
fretta da evitare che i mattoncini si impilino fino alla cima
del tabellone: quando non c' pi spazio per collocare un nuovo
blocco che cade, la partita finita.
Questo diventa sempre pi difficile man mano che la partita
procede, perch, a seconda della modalit di gioco selezionata,
o la velocit con cui i blocchi cadono, o il numero di
mattoncini che compongono i blocchi, aumenta man mano che pi
linee vengono completate.
</p><p>
</p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figure2.png"></div><p>
</p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-running-galois"></a>Lanciare Galois</h3></div></div></div><p>
Se state utilizzando un ambiente grafico che supporta la
specificazione dei men XDG (per esempio GNOME o KDE), vedrete
una voce per Galois nei men di sistema (sotto
<span class="guimenu">Applications</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Games</span>
in Gnome 2) o nella funzionalit equivalente fornita dal
vostro ambiente (panoramica delle applicazioni in Gnome 3), e
potete lanciarlo cliccando su di essa.
Altrimenti, potete creare un collegamento al file eseguibile
<code class="filename">galois</code> sul vostro desktop (se il vostro
ambiente permette i collegamenti sul desktop), o aprire un
file manager e navigare nella directory dove esso stato
installato (tipicamente <code class="filename">/usr/games</code> o
<code class="filename">/usr/local/games</code> nei sistemi GNU/Linux),
o eseguirlo dalla riga di comando.
</p><p>
Per iniziare una nuova partita, scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">New Game</span>
dal men dell'applicazione (se il vostro ambiente lo
supporta), o
<span class="guimenu">Game</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">New</span>
dalla barra dei men, o premete
<span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>N</strong></span>.
Questo comando disattivato quando una partita gi attiva
(in corso o in pausa).
</p><p>
Per mettere in pausa una partita, o far ripartire una partita
in pausa, premete il tasto assegnato all'azione Pause: di
regola <span class="keycap"><strong>Esc</strong></span>.
</p><p>
Per fermare definitivamente una partita in corso o in pausa,
scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">Stop Game</span>
dal men dell'applicazione, o
<span class="guimenu">Game</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Stop</span>
dalla barra dei men.
Se non c' al momento una partita attiva, questo comando
disattivato.
</p><p>
Per aprire la finestra delle preferenze, scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">Preferences</span>
dal men dell'applicazione, o
<span class="guimenu">Game</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Preferences</span>
dalla barra dei men.
Questo comando disattivato quando c' una partita attiva.
</p><p>
Per aprire la finestra dei punteggi, scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">Scores</span>
dal men dell'applicazione, o
<span class="guimenu">Game</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Scores</span>
dalla barra dei men.
Questo comando disattivato quando c' una partita attiva.
La finestra dei punteggi si aprir anche alla fine della
partita ogni volta che realizzate un punteggio che si collochi
tra i primi 10 per le impostazioni correnti, e vi permetter
di inserire il vostro nome in quella riga.
</p><p>
Per avere aiuto su Galois, scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">Help</span>
dal men dell'applicazione, o
<span class="guimenu">Help</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Contents</span>
dalla barra dei men, o premete
<span class="keycap"><strong>F1</strong></span>.
Il Manuale di Galois (cio questo documento) verr
visualizzato.
Se non state utilizzando GNOME, questo potrebbe non
funzionare; in ogni caso una versione HTML del manuale
distribuita con l'archivio dei sorgenti, e le versioni HTML e
PDF possono essere scaricate dal sito web di Galois.
</p><p>
Per avere informazioni di base su Galois, scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">About</span>
dal men dell'applicazione, o
<span class="guimenu">Help</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">About</span>
dalla barra dei men.
</p><p>
Per uscire da Galois, scegliete
<span class="guimenuitem">Quit</span>
dal men dell'applicazione, o
<span class="guimenu">Game</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Quit</span>
dalla barra dei men, o premete
<span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Q</strong></span>.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-game-interface"></a>Interfaccia del gioco</h3></div></div></div><p>
La finestra di Galois contiene i seguenti elementi:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">Barra dei men (1)</span></dt><dd><p>
In cima alla finestra.
Contiene le voci del men per iniziare una nuova
partita; fermare la partita in corso; aprire le finestre
delle preferenze e dei punteggi; ottenere aiuto e
informazioni su Galois; e uscire dal programma.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Anteprima del prossimo blocco (2)</span></dt><dd><p>
Nell'angolo in alto a destra della finestra.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Tabellone del gioco (3)</span></dt><dd><p>
Sulla sinistra della finestra.
Questo l'elemento principale dell'interfaccia del
gioco: qui dove cadono i blocchi.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Visualizzazione del punteggio (4)</span></dt><dd><p>
Sulla destra della finestra.
Mostra il punteggio attuale, il livello, e il numero di
linee completate.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
</p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figure3.png"></div><p>
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-game-controls"></a>Controlli del gioco</h3></div></div></div><p>
Mentre i blocchi cadono, potete compiere le seguenti azioni su
di essi:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Muoverli a destra o a sinistra, e nelle partite 3D in alto
e in basso.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Ruotarli: nelle partite 2D c' un solo modo di rotazione
(in senso antiorario), nelle partite 3D ce ne sono tre
(intorno agli assi X, Y, e Z).
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Rifletterli: questa azione pu essere attivata o
disattivata nella finestra delle preferenze.
Inizialmente disattivata.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Farli cadere: il blocco cade gi molto velocemente.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Potete eseguire ciascuna di queste azioni premendo il tasto
corrispondente sulla tastiera.
La mappatura tra azioni e tasti mostrata nella finestra
delle preferenze (scheda Controls) e pu essere cambiata
dall'utente.
La mappatura di partenza come segue:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Per le partite 2D: <span class="keycap"><strong>←</strong></span> e
<span class="keycap"><strong>→</strong></span> per muovere il blocco,
<span class="keycap"><strong>↑</strong></span> per ruotarlo,
<span class="keycap"><strong>↓</strong></span> per rifletterlo (se permesso) e
<span class="keycap"><strong>spazio</strong></span> per far cadere il blocco.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Per le partite 3D: <span class="keycap"><strong>←</strong></span>,
<span class="keycap"><strong>→</strong></span>, <span class="keycap"><strong>↑</strong></span> e
<span class="keycap"><strong>↓</strong></span> per muovere nelle quattro
direzioni, <span class="keycap"><strong>1</strong></span>, <span class="keycap"><strong>2</strong></span> e
<span class="keycap"><strong>3</strong></span> per ruotare, <span class="keycap"><strong>4</strong></span> per
riflettere (se permesso) e <span class="keycap"><strong>spazio</strong></span> per
far cadere il blocco.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
Ho impostato diversi gruppi di controlli per le partite 2D e
3D perch in 2D, <span class="keycap"><strong>↑</strong></span> per ruotare la
norma nei giochi con i blocchi che cadono e permette di
giocare comodamente con una sola mano; ma in 3D naturale
usare i quattro tasti freccia per muovere nelle quattro
direzioni.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-preferences"></a>Preferenze</h3></div></div></div><p>
La finestra delle preferenze ha due schede:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">Game</span></dt><dd><p>
Impostazioni sulla geometria e le modalit di gioco:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete la geometria tra: quadrata, esagonale,
triangolare (tutte queste 2D), e cubica (3D), con o
senza riflessione dei blocchi.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete la larghezza del tabellone e (per le
partite in 3D) la profondit.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete cosa fare ai cambi di livello (ogni 10
linee completate): aumentare la velocit del gioco,
la dimensione massima dei blocchi, o la dimensione
dei superblocchi.
Se scegliete la dimensione massima dei blocchi,
potete anche scegliere se aumentare, tenere fissa o
diminuire la dimensione minima.
I superblocchi sono blocchi pi grandi del massimo:
sono abilitati solo se scegliete la dimensione dei
superblocchi.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete il livello di velocit iniziale e la
dimensione massima e minima dei blocchi.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete se rimuovere le linee anche quando non
sono completamente piene: si possono permettere fino
a 2 mattoncini mancanti.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete se visualizzare il prossimo blocco.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Scegliete se visualizzare dove si poser il blocco.
</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Controls</span></dt><dd><p>
Impostazioni sui tasti di controllo: per cambiarne uno,
fate doppio clic sul nome del tasto corrente (o
selezionatelo con la tastiera e premete
<span class="keycap"><strong>Invio</strong></span>) e quando viene evidenziato,
premete il tasto con cui lo volete sostituire.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
Le impostazioni sono salvate nel file
<span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.conf</code>,
dove <span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span> il percorso restituito
dalla funzione di glibmm
<code class="function">get_user_config_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.config</code> nei sistemi
GNU/Linux).
Potete ripristinare le impostazioni iniziali cancellando
questo file.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-scores"></a>Punteggi</h3></div></div></div><p>
Galois registra i punteggi delle migliori partite insieme alle
rispettive impostazioni.
La finestra dei punteggi mostra i migliori 10 punteggi per le
impostazioni correnti.
</p><p>
I punteggi possono essere filtrati secondo vari criteri, per
esempio potete scegliere se vedere solo le partite giocate con
uno specifico intervallo di dimensioni iniziali, o tutte le
partite giocate con mattoncini quadrati, o persino con
qualunque forma di mattoncini.
I filtri possono essere cambiati usando i pulsanti e i campi
in cima alla finestra dei punteggi.
</p><p>
Ho cercato di calibrare i punteggi proporzionalmente alla
difficolt del gioco, in modo che partite giocate con
impostazioni differenti possano essere confrontate; ma molto
arduo dare una valutazione oggettiva di quanto sia difficile
una data modalit di gioco.
</p><p>
I punteggi sono salvati nel file
<span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.res</code>,
dove <span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span> il path restituito dalla
funzione di glibmm
<code class="function">get_user_data_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.local/share</code> nei
sistemi GNU/Linux).
</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-how-to-contribute"></a>Come contribuire</h2></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
"Gratuitamente avete ricevuto, gratuitamente date." (Matteo 10,8)
</p></blockquote></div><p>
Se desiderate aiutare a migliorare Galois, siete invitati a
contattarmi (vedi
<a class="xref" href="#galois-contact-information" title="Informazioni per contatti">sezione chiamata Informazioni per contatti</a>).
Dovete accettare di rilasciare i vostri contributi come software
libero sotto la licenza con cui Galois rilasciato (la GNU
General Public License, versione 3 o successiva).
</p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-contact-information"></a>Informazioni per contatti</h2></div></div></div><p>
Il sito web di Galois su
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.nongnu.org/galois/" target="_top">
http://www.nongnu.org/galois/</a>
</p><p>
La pagina del progetto su Savannah
<a class="ulink" href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/galois" target="_top">
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/galois</a>
</p><p>
Per qualsiasi richiesta su Galois, mandate una email a
<code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:galois-list@nongnu.org">galois-list@nongnu.org</a>></code>
</p><p>
Per iscrivervi alla mailing list, o consultare i suoi archivi,
andate su
<a class="ulink" href="https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/galois-list" target="_top">
https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/galois-list</a>
</p></div><div class="appendix"><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gpl"></a>A.
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</h2><p>
Version 3, 29 June 2007
</p><p>
Copyright 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<a class="ulink" href="http://fsf.org/" target="_top">http://fsf.org/</a>
</p><p>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
document, but changing it is not allowed.
</p><h2><a name="Preamble"></a>
Preamble
</h2><p>
The <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License is a free, copyleft
license for software and other kinds of works.
</p><p>
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to
take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License is intended to guarantee your
freedom to share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it
remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation,
use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License for most of our
software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its
authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
</p><p>
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our
General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish),
that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can
change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you
know you can do these things.
</p><p>
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these
rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain
responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify
it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
</p><p>
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or
for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you
received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
</p><p>
Developers that use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>
protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software,
and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify it.
</p><p>
For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the
<acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym> clearly explains that there is no warranty for this
free software. For both users’ and authors’ sake, the
<acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym> requires that modified versions be marked as changed,
so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of
previous versions.
</p><p>
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified
versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so.
This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users’
freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs
in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it
is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the
<acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym> to prohibit the practice for those products. If such
problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this
provision to those domains in future versions of the <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>,
as needed to protect the freedom of users.
</p><p>
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States
should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on
general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the
special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it
effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>
assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
</p><p>
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.
</p><h2><a name="idm414"></a>
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</h2><h2><a name="Definitions"></a>
0. Definitions.
</h2><p>
“This License” refers to version 3 of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym>
General Public License.
</p><p>
“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other
kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
</p><p>
“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under
this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”.
“Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or
organizations.
</p><p>
To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of
the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making
of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified
version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the
earlier work.
</p><p>
A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work
based on the Program.
</p><p>
To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement
under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or
modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with
or without modification), making available to the public, and in some
countries other activities as well.
</p><p>
To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables
other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
</p><p>
An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal
Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently
visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent
that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this
License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents
a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the
list meets this criterion.
</p><h2><a name="SourceCode"></a>
1. Source Code.
</h2><p>
The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the
work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any
non-source form of a work.
</p><p>
A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an
official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is
widely used among developers working in that language.
</p><p>
The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything,
other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component,
and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or
to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available
to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this
context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so
on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work
runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter
used to run it.
</p><p>
The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means
all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work’s
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which
are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes
interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and
the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that
the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data
communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of
the work.
</p><p>
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate
automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
</p><p>
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
</p><h2><a name="BasicPermissions"></a>
2. Basic Permissions.
</h2><p>
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright
on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met.
This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the
unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by
this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered
work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other
equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
</p><p>
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You
may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make
modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for
running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License
in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those
thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on
your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them
from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their
relationship with you.
</p><p>
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it
unnecessary.
</p><h2><a name="Protecting"></a>
3. Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
</h2><p>
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure
under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO
copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or
restricting circumvention of such measures.
</p><p>
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is
effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered
work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of
the work as a means of enforcing, against the work’s users, your or
third parties’ legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological
measures.
</p><h2><a name="ConveyingVerbatim"></a>
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
</h2><p>
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately
publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all
notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in
accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the
absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License
along with the Program.
</p><p>
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you
may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
</p><h2><a name="ConveyingModified"></a>
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
</h2><p>
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce
it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section
4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>
The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and
giving a relevant date.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under
this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement
modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all
notices”.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore
apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the
whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are
packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any
other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
separately received it.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need
not make them do so.
</p></li></ol></div><p>
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works,
which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are
not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if
the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access
or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause
this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
</p><h2><a name="ConveyingNonSource"></a>
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
</h2><p>
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including
a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source
fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software
interchange.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including
a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid
for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts
or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses
the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all
the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a
durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a
price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from
a network server at no charge.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed
only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the
object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy
the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on
a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
satisfy these requirements.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the
work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
subsection 6d.
</p></li></ol></div><p>
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from
the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in
conveying the object code work.
</p><p>
A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”,
which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for
personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold
for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.
For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally
used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product,
regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the
particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the
product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product
has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such
uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
</p><p>
“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and
execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a
modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice
to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in
no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been
made.
</p><p>
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of
a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product
is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term
(regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding
Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation
Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any
third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User
Product (for example, the work has been installed in
<acronym class="acronym">ROM</acronym>).
</p><p>
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for
a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User
Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may
be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the
operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for
communication across the network.
</p><p>
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in
accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented
(and with an implementation available to the public in source code form),
and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or
copying.
</p><h2><a name="AdditionalTerms"></a>
7. Additional Terms.
</h2><p>
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of
this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be
treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that
they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only
to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those
permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License
without regard to the additional permissions.
</p><p>
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any
additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional
permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases
when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on
material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give
appropriate copyright permission.
</p><p>
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add
to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that
material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>
Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
displayed by works containing it; or
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
names, trademarks, or service marks; or
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
licensors and authors.
</p></li></ol></div><p>
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further
restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as
you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction,
you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further
restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you
may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license
document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such
relicensing or conveying.
</p><p>
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must
place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms
that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the
applicable terms.
</p><p>
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form
of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above
requirements apply either way.
</p><h2><a name="Termination"></a>
8. Termination.
</h2><p>
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided
under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License
(including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section
11).
</p><p>
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
</p><p>
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
</p><p>
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
</p><h2><a name="AcceptanceNotRequired"></a>
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
</h2><p>
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a
copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring
solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a
copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than
this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work.
These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License.
Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your
acceptance of this License to do so.
</p><h2><a name="AutomaticDownstream"></a>
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
</h2><p>
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a
license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that
work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing
compliance by third parties with this License.
</p><p>
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control
of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work
results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who
receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the
party’s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous
paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the
work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get
it with reasonable efforts.
</p><p>
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights
granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a
license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under
this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim
or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed
by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or
any portion of it.
</p><h2><a name="Patents"></a>
11. Patents.
</h2><p>
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under
this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor
version”.
</p><p>
A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent
claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by
this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do
not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further
modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition,
“control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a
manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
</p><p>
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent
license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to make, use,
sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the
contents of its contributor version.
</p><p>
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any
express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a
patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not
to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent
license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to
enforce a patent against the party.
</p><p>
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the
Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free
of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available
network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1)
cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive
yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or
(3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License,
to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly
relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent
license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your
recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one
or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe
are valid.
</p><p>
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement,
you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and
grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work
authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the
covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to
all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
</p><p>
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include
within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work
if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third
party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under
which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the
covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection
with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those
copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or
compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that
arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
</p><p>
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any
implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be
available to you under applicable patent law.
</p><h2><a name="NoSurrender"></a>
12. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
</h2><p>
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the
Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License
would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
</p><h2><a name="UsedWithAGPL"></a>
13. Use with the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License.
</h2><p>
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to
link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License into a single combined
work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will
continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special
requirements of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
</p><h2><a name="RevisedVersions"></a>
14. Revised Versions of this License.
</h2><p>
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns.
</p><p>
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies that a certain numbered version of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym>
General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License, you may choose any version
ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
</p><p>
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License can be used, that
proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
</p><p>
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions.
However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright
holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
</p><h2><a name="WarrantyDisclaimer"></a>
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
</h2><p>
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
</p><h2><a name="LiabilityLimitation"></a>
16. Limitation of Liability.
</h2><p>
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE
PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE
OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA
OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
</p><h2><a name="InterpretationSecs1516"></a>
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
</h2><p>
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute
waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in
return for a fee.
</p><h2><a name="idm536"></a>
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</h2><h2><a name="HowToApply"></a>
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
</h2><p>
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software
which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
</p><p>
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the
exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
“copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
</p><pre class="screen">
<em class="replaceable"><code>one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.</code></em>
Copyright (C) <em class="replaceable"><code>year</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name of author</code></em>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</pre><p>
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
</p><p>
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:
</p><pre class="screen">
<em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em> Copyright (C) <em class="replaceable"><code>year</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name of author</code></em>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘<code class="literal">show w</code>’.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type ‘<code class="literal">show c</code>’ for details.
</pre><p>
The hypothetical commands ‘<code class="literal">show w</code>’ and
‘<code class="literal">show c</code>’ should show the appropriate parts of
the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be
different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
</p><p>
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if
necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>, see
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</p><p>
The <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License does not permit
incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a
subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking
proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do,
use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Lesser General Public License instead of this
License. But first, please read <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
</p></div><div class="appendix"><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="fdl"></a>B.GNU Free Documentation License</h2><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p>
Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</a>
</p><p>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</p><h3><a name="section0"></a>
0. PREAMBLE
</h3><p>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom:
to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
</p><p>
This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
</p><p>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</p><h3><a name="section1"></a>
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
</h3><p>
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy,
modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
copyright law.
</p><p>
A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing
the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
</p><p>
A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
</p><p>
The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
there are none.
</p><p>
The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
</p><p>
A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable
copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
</p><p>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
some word processors for output purposes only.
</p><p>
The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</p><p>
The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes
copies of the Document to the public.
</p><p>
A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands
for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
“Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”,
“Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that
it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this
definition.
</p><p>
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
meaning of this License.
</p><h3><a name="section2"></a>
2. VERBATIM COPYING
</h3><p>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</p><p>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
may publicly display copies.
</p><h3><a name="section3"></a>
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
</h3><p>
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
</p><p>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
</p><p>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
</p><p>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</p><h3><a name="section4"></a>
4. MODIFICATIONS
</h3><p>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem">
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
original publisher of that version gives permission.
</li><li class="listitem">
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
</li><li class="listitem">
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
Version, as the publisher.
</li><li class="listitem">
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
</li><li class="listitem">
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
the other copyright notices.
</li><li class="listitem">
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
</li><li class="listitem">
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license
notice.
</li><li class="listitem">
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</li><li class="listitem">
Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its
Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
</li><li class="listitem">
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
based on. These may be placed in the “History”
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
</li><li class="listitem">
For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or
“Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and
preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
</li><li class="listitem">
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
not considered part of the section titles.
</li><li class="listitem">
Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
</li><li class="listitem">
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
“Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
</li><li class="listitem">
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</li></ol></div><p>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles
must be distinct from any other section titles.
</p><p>
You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties — for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</p><p>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.
</p><p>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p><h3><a name="section5"></a>
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
</h3><p>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</p><p>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
</p><p>
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
“History” in the various original documents, forming one
section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections
Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled
“Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled
“Endorsements”.
</p><h3><a name="section6"></a>
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
</h3><p>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</p><p>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p><h3><a name="section7"></a>
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
</h3><p>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</p><p>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
</p><h3><a name="section8"></a>
8. TRANSLATION
</h3><p>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
that you also include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</p><p>
If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement
(section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
changing the actual title.
</p><h3><a name="section9"></a>
9. TERMINATION
</h3><p>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
terminate your rights under this License.
</p><p>
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless
and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the
cessation.
</p><p>
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
</p><p>
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
give you any rights to use it.
</p><h3><a name="section10"></a>
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
</h3><p>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns. See
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/" target="_top">Copyleft</a>.
</p><p>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
“or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
</p><h3><a name="section11"></a>
11. RELICENSING
</h3><p>
“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC
Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable
works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those
works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a
server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or
“MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable
works thus published on the MMC site.
</p><p>
“CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published
by that same organization.
</p><p>
“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in
whole or in part, as part of another Document.
</p><p>
An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under
this License, and if all works that were first published under this
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</p><p>
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</p><h3><a name="addendum"></a>
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
</h3><p>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
</p><pre class="screen">Copyright YEAR YOUR NAME
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.</pre><p>
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the “with… Texts.” line with this:
</p><pre class="screen">with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts
being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p>
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</p><p>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.
</p></div></div></body></html>
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