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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Manuale di Galois 0.7</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="it" class="article"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="index"></a>Manuale di Galois 0.7</h2></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerardo</span> <span class="surname">Ballabio</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="releaseinfo">
      Questo manuale descrive la versione 0.7 di Galois.
    </p></div><div><p class="copyright">Diritto d'autore  2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 Gerardo Ballabio</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a name="galois-legal-notice"></a><p>
        Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
        document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
        License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the
        Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
        Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
        A copy of the license is included in <a class="xref" href="#fdl" title="B.GNU Free Documentation License">AppendiceB, <i>GNU Free Documentation License</i></a>.
      </p></div></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Diario delle Revisioni"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Diario delle Revisioni</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.1</td><td align="left">Novembre 2012</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.2</td><td align="left">Gennaio 2013</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.3</td><td align="left">Marzo 2014</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.4</td><td align="left">Luglio 2015</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.5</td><td align="left">Novembre 2017</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.6</td><td align="left">Giugno 2018</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revisione Versione 0.7</td><td align="left">Agosto 2020</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Indice</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-introduction">Introduzione</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-name-of-the-game">Nome del gioco</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-legal-notice-2">Note legali</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-how-to-install">Come installare</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-supported-platforms">Piattaforme supportate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-hardware-requirements">Requisiti hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-binary-packages">Pacchetti binari</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-source-installation">Installazione da sorgente</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-dependencies">Dipendenze</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-upgrade-notes">Note per l'aggiornamento</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-how-to-play">Come giocare</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-running-galois">Lanciare Galois</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-game-interface">Interfaccia del gioco</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-game-controls">Controlli del gioco</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-preferences">Preferenze</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#galois-scores">Punteggi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-how-to-contribute">Come contribuire</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#galois-contact-information">Informazioni per contatti</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#gpl">A. 
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#fdl">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></div><a class="indexterm" name="idm44"></a><a class="indexterm" name="idm46"></a><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-introduction"></a>Introduzione</h2></div></div></div><p>
      Galois  un videogioco del tipo con i "blocchi che cadono", ma
      con caratteristiche uniche.
      Diversamente dalla maggior parte degli altri giochi di questo
      tipo, non  limitato a blocchi fatti da quattro mattoncini
      quadrati bidimensionali: potete scegliere tra varie diverse
      forme di mattoncini, blocchi composti da pi o meno mattoncini,
      e persino tra partite bi e tridimensionali.
    </p><p>
      </p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figure1.png"></div><p>
    </p><p>
      Galois 
      <a class="ulink" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">software libero</a>,
      rilasciato sotto le condizioni della GNU General Public License,
      versione 3 o successiva.
      Questo significa essenzialmente che potete usarlo, modificarlo e
      redistribuirlo senza restrizioni, eccetto che vi si richiede di
      trasmettere la stessa libert a tutti coloro ai quali lo
      redistribuite.
    </p><p>
      Galois  ospitato su
      <a class="ulink" href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/" target="_top">Savannah</a>, il
      sito di sviluppo software per le persone che tengono al software
      libero.
    </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-name-of-the-game"></a>Nome del gioco</h3></div></div></div><p>
	variste Galois era un matematico francese, uno dei fondatori
	della "teoria dei gruppi", una struttura che attraversa quasi
	tutti i campi della matematica moderna.
	Questo gioco fa uso internamente di gruppi di un tipo
	specifico, i gruppi di simmetria.
	Poich il primo gioco con i blocchi che cadono (che
	sfortunatamente era un programma proprietario) aveva un nome
	che terminava con "is", ho pensato che chiamare il mio Galois
	sarebbe stato un bell'omaggio a entrambi.
	E come bonus aggiuntivo, comincia con G, come Gtk+ e GNOME.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-legal-notice-2"></a>Note legali</h3></div></div></div><p>
        Copyright
	2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020
	Gerardo Ballabio
      </p><p>
        Galois is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
        published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
        the License, or (at your option) any later version.
      </p><p>
        Galois is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
        WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
        GNU General Public License for more details.
      </p><p>
        A copy of the license is included in <a class="xref" href="#gpl" title="A. GNU General Public License version 3">AppendiceA, <i>
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
  </i></a>.
      </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-how-to-install"></a>Come installare</h2></div></div></div><p>
      La versione pi recente di Galois si pu scaricare dal sito web
      di Galois:
      <a class="ulink" href="http://www.nongnu.org/galois/#download" target="_top">
      http://www.nongnu.org/galois/</a>
    </p><p>
      Il modo pi semplice  installare un binario precompilato, se 
      disponibile per la vostra piattaforma (vedi
      <a class="xref" href="#galois-binary-packages" title="Pacchetti binari">sezione chiamata Pacchetti binari</a>).
      Altrimenti, dovrete scaricare il codice sorgente e compilarlo
      (vedi <a class="xref" href="#galois-source-installation" title="Installazione da sorgente">sezione chiamata Installazione da sorgente</a>).
    </p><p>
      Se state aggiornando da una versione pi vecchia, vi pu
      interessare leggere le note per l'aggiornamento (vedi
      <a class="xref" href="#galois-upgrade-notes" title="Note per l'aggiornamento">sezione chiamata Note per l'aggiornamento</a>).
    </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-supported-platforms"></a>Piattaforme supportate</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Galois dovrebbe funzionare su qualunque sistema sul quale le
	librerie software da cui dipende siano disponibili (vedi
	<a class="xref" href="#galois-dependencies" title="Dipendenze">sezione chiamata Dipendenze</a>).
	Questo comprende (ma non  limitato a) GNU/Linux, BSD,
	Microsoft Windows, e Mac OS X.
      </p><p>
	 stato effettivamente testato sui seguenti sistemi:
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Debian GNU/Linux stabile, architetture i386 e amd64 (cio
	    PC a 32 e a 64 bit).
	    Il secondo  il mio computer, quindi  e rester la
	    piattaforma meglio supportata nel futuro prevedibile.
	  </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Microsoft Windows XP, 7 e 10.
	  </p></li></ul></div><p>
	Se lo provate su un altro sistema, sia che riusciate o che
	falliate, per favore fatemi sapere.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-hardware-requirements"></a>Requisiti hardware</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Essendo un gioco che non richiede un'animazione veloce n
	grafica sofisticata, Galois ha requisiti molto ridotti.
	Dovrebbe funzionare bene anche su computer molto vecchi ed
	economici e senza accelerazione hardware.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-binary-packages"></a>Pacchetti binari</h3></div></div></div><p>
	In questo momento, binari precompilati di Galois sono
	disponibili per le seguenti piattaforme:
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Debian GNU/Linux: a partire da Debian 10 (Buster) Galois
	    fa parte del rilascio stabile ufficiale di Debian.
	    Questo significa che potete installarlo tramite gli
	    strumenti standard di gestione dei pacchetti di Debian,
	    cio <span class="command"><strong>apt-get</strong></span> o
	    <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> sulla riga di comando, o un
	    package manager grafico come <span class="command"><strong>synaptic</strong></span>.
	    Il nome del pacchetto  <code class="filename">galois</code>.
	    Per esempio, se siete autorizzati ad usare
	    <span class="command"><strong>sudo</strong></span>, potete eseguire:
	  </p><pre class="synopsis">
  sudo apt-get install galois</pre><p>
	    Il pacchetto  disponibile per tutte le architetture
	    rilasciate.
	    Ho verificato che funziona su i386 e amd64; si suppone che
	    funzioni anche sulle altre architetture, ma non so se
	    qualcuno abbia effettivamente provato.
	    Se provate, per favore fatemi sapere.
	  </p><p>
	    La versione in Debian 10  Galois 0.6.
	    Se volete una versione pi recente, potete scaricare un
	    pacchetto binario compilato per stabile dal sito web di
	    Galois e installarlo con <span class="command"><strong>dpkg</strong></span>.
	    Questo  disponibile per le architetture i386 e amd64.
	  </p><p>
	    Il pacchetto Debian potrebbe funzionare anche su
	    distribuzioni derivate da Debian, come Ubuntu e altre.
	    Se provate, per favore fatemi sapere.
	  </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Microsoft Windows: c' un binario di Galois che potete
	    scaricare ed eseguire, ma non c' un pacchetto di
	    installazione completo che installi anche i file di
	    documentazione e faccia comparire Galois nel men dei
	    programmi.
	    La documentazione  comunque disponibile sul sito web di
	    Galois.
	  </p><p>
	    Il binario  stato compilato su Debian GNU/Linux usando
	    l'ambiente di cross-compilazione
	    <a class="ulink" href="http://mxe.cc/" target="_top">MXE</a>.
	  </p></li></ul></div><p>
	Per le altre piattaforme, Galois deve essere compilato da
	sorgente (vedi
	<a class="xref" href="#galois-source-installation" title="Installazione da sorgente">sezione chiamata Installazione da sorgente</a>).
	Sono disponibile a fornire pacchetti binari se qualcuno si
	offre volontario per compilarli e mantenerli.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-source-installation"></a>Installazione da sorgente</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Per installare Galois da sorgente, per prima cosa dovete
	controllare che tutte le sue dipendenze siano installate sul
	vostro sistema, e installare tutte quelle mancanti (vedi
	<a class="xref" href="#galois-dependencies" title="Dipendenze">sezione chiamata Dipendenze</a>).
	Quando avete fatto questo, estraete il file archivio compresso
	<code class="filename">galois-0.7.tar.gz</code> in una directory a
	vostra scelta.
	Poi aprite una shell di comando (console o terminale),
	spostatevi nella directory base dell'albero dei sorgenti
	estratto, <code class="filename">galois-0.7</code>, e scrivete i
	seguenti comandi:
      </p><pre class="synopsis">
  ./configure
  make
  make install</pre><p>
        <code class="filename">configure</code> ha molte opzioni da riga di
	comando con cui potete specificare dove installare, dove
	trovare le dipendenze (questo vi servir se sono installate in
	posizioni non standard), quali flag di compilazione usare, e
	cos via.
        Eseguite <span class="command"><strong>./configure --help</strong></span> per una lista
	completa.
      </p><p>
	Per il passo <span class="command"><strong>make install</strong></span>, dovete avere il
	permesso di scrittura sulla directory di installazione.
	Su GNU/Linux e altri sistemi Unix-compatibili, se state
	installando nella posizione standard (cio sotto
	<code class="filename">/usr/local</code>), ci vuol dire che dovete
	eseguire questo comando come root (usate <span class="command"><strong>su</strong></span>
	o <span class="command"><strong>sudo</strong></span>).
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-dependencies"></a>Dipendenze</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Per poter compilare Galois, i seguenti pacchetti devono essere
	installati sul vostro sistema:
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Un ambiente Unix di base, compreso il programma
            <code class="filename">make</code>
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            <a class="ulink" href="http://gcc.gnu.org/" target="_top">g++</a> o un altro
	    compilatore C++ che supporti almeno lo standard C++11
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gtkmm.org/" target="_top">gtkmm</a>
	  </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            <a class="ulink" href="http://libxmlplusplus.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">
            libxml++</a>
	  </p></li></ul></div><p>
	Per tutte le principali versioni di GNU/Linux, versioni
	precompilate di questi pacchetti sono disponibili.
	Le librerie precompilate sono solitamente suddivise in un
	pacchetto "base" e uno "di sviluppo" (il secondo ha un nome
	che termina con <code class="filename">-dev</code> o
	<code class="filename">-devel</code>).
	Per compilare Galois, dovete installare entrambi; mentre per
	eseguire il programma compilato, sono richiesti solo i
	pacchetti base.
	Se volete anche poter ricompilare le versioni HTML e PDF della
	documentazione, vi serviranno anche questi:
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
            <a class="ulink" href="https://pagure.io/xmlto/" target="_top">xmlto</a>
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            <a class="ulink" href="http://dblatex.sourceforge.net/" target="_top">dblatex</a>
	    (per la versione PDF)
	  </p></li></ul></div><p>
	Nomi dei pacchetti per Debian 10 (Buster):
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
	    pacchetti base:
            <code class="filename">libgtkmm-3.0-1v5</code>,
            <code class="filename">libxml++2.6-2v5</code>.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    compilatore e pacchetti di sviluppo:
            <code class="filename">make</code>, <code class="filename">g++</code>,
            <code class="filename">libgtkmm-3.0-dev</code>,
            <code class="filename">libxml++2.6-dev</code>.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    strumenti per compilare la documentazione:
            <code class="filename">xmlto</code>, <code class="filename">dblatex</code>,
	    <code class="filename">texlive-lang-italian</code> (per la versione
	    italiana).
          </p></li></ul></div><p>
	I pacchetti per altre distribuzioni di GNU/Linux dovrebbero
	avere nomi simili, in particolare per le distribuzioni
	derivate da Debian.
      </p><p>
	Se state installando un pacchetto binario precompilato (vedi
	<a class="xref" href="#galois-binary-packages" title="Pacchetti binari">sezione chiamata Pacchetti binari</a>),
	normalmente non vi dovete preoccupare di avere le necessarie
	dipendenze installate perch il sistema di gestione dei
	pacchetti se ne occupa automaticamente.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-upgrade-notes"></a>Note per l'aggiornamento</h3></div></div></div><p>
	In Galois 0.3, i percorsi dove sono conservati i file di dati
	degli utenti sono stati cambiati per essere pi coerenti con
	le convenzioni comunemente usate.
	Se state aggiornando da una release pi vecchia, i file
	esistenti <span class="emphasis"><em>non</em></span> verranno spostati
	automaticamente nei nuovi percorsi: se non volete perdere le
	vostre impostazioni e i punteggi, dovete spostarli manualmente
	<span class="emphasis"><em>prima</em></span> di lanciare la nuova versione.
      </p><p>
	Il nuovo percorso per il file delle impostazioni 
	<span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.conf</code>,
	dove <span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span>  il percorso restituito
	dalla funzione di glibmm
	<code class="function">get_user_config_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
	(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.config</code> nei sistemi
	GNU/Linux).
	Il vecchio percorso era
	<span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois.conf</code>
	(senza la sottodirectory <code class="filename">galois</code>).
	Dovete creare la sottodirectory e spostarvi il file.
      </p><p>
	Il nuovo percorso per il file dei punteggi 
	<span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.res</code>,
	dove <span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span>  il percorso restituito
	dalla funzione di glibmm
	<code class="function">get_user_data_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
	(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.local/share</code> nei
	sistemi GNU/Linux).
	Il vecchio percorso era
	<span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois.res</code>
	(senza la sottodirectory <code class="filename">galois</code>).
	Dovete creare la sottodirectory e spostarvi il file.
      </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-how-to-play"></a>Come giocare</h2></div></div></div><p>
      Le partite di Galois si giocano su un tabellone fatto di celle
      quadrate, esagonali, triangolari o cubiche, dove blocchi fatti
      di "mattoncini" attaccati insieme, ciascuno dei quali occupa una
      cella, cadono a passo costante, uno per volta, finch si posano
      sul fondo del tabellone o sopra altri blocchi.
    </p><p>
      Mentre cadono, potete muoverli orizzontalmente, ruotarli e (se
      questa opzione  abilitata) rifletterli, in modo che quando si
      posano, si incastrino con gli altri blocchi, lasciando meno
      celle vuote possibile.
      Quando una linea orizzontale (o, nelle partite 3D, un piano) 
      occupata completamente da mattoncini, viene rimossa dal
      tabellone, e tutti i mattoncini che stavano al di sopra di essa
      cadono gi di una cella.
      (Potete anche rimuovere pi linee in una volta sola se le
      completate con lo stesso blocco.)
    </p><p>
      L'obiettivo  rimuovere le linee (o i piani) abbastanza in
      fretta da evitare che i mattoncini si impilino fino alla cima
      del tabellone: quando non c' pi spazio per collocare un nuovo
      blocco che cade, la partita  finita.
      Questo diventa sempre pi difficile man mano che la partita
      procede, perch, a seconda della modalit di gioco selezionata,
      o la velocit con cui i blocchi cadono, o il numero di
      mattoncini che compongono i blocchi, aumenta man mano che pi
      linee vengono completate.
    </p><p>
      </p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figure2.png"></div><p>
    </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-running-galois"></a>Lanciare Galois</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Se state utilizzando un ambiente grafico che supporta la
	specificazione dei men XDG (per esempio GNOME o KDE), vedrete
	una voce per Galois nei men di sistema (sotto
	<span class="guimenu">Applications</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">Games</span>
	in Gnome 2) o nella funzionalit equivalente fornita dal
	vostro ambiente (panoramica delle applicazioni in Gnome 3), e
	potete lanciarlo cliccando su di essa.
	Altrimenti, potete creare un collegamento al file eseguibile
	<code class="filename">galois</code> sul vostro desktop (se il vostro
	ambiente permette i collegamenti sul desktop), o aprire un
	file manager e navigare nella directory dove esso  stato
	installato (tipicamente <code class="filename">/usr/games</code> o
	<code class="filename">/usr/local/games</code> nei sistemi GNU/Linux),
	o eseguirlo dalla riga di comando.
      </p><p>
	Per iniziare una nuova partita, scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">New Game</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione (se il vostro ambiente lo
	supporta), o
	<span class="guimenu">Game</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">New</span>
	dalla barra dei men, o premete
        <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>N</strong></span>.
	Questo comando  disattivato quando una partita  gi attiva
	(in corso o in pausa).
      </p><p>
	Per mettere in pausa una partita, o far ripartire una partita
	in pausa, premete il tasto assegnato all'azione Pause: di
	regola  <span class="keycap"><strong>Esc</strong></span>.
      </p><p>
	Per fermare definitivamente una partita in corso o in pausa,
	scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">Stop Game</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione, o
	<span class="guimenu">Game</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">Stop</span>
	dalla barra dei men.
	Se non c' al momento una partita attiva, questo comando 
	disattivato.
      </p><p>
	Per aprire la finestra delle preferenze, scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">Preferences</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione, o
	<span class="guimenu">Game</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">Preferences</span>
	dalla barra dei men.
	Questo comando  disattivato quando c' una partita attiva.
      </p><p>
	Per aprire la finestra dei punteggi, scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">Scores</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione, o
	<span class="guimenu">Game</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">Scores</span>
	dalla barra dei men.
	Questo comando  disattivato quando c' una partita attiva.
	La finestra dei punteggi si aprir anche alla fine della
	partita ogni volta che realizzate un punteggio che si collochi
	tra i primi 10 per le impostazioni correnti, e vi permetter
	di inserire il vostro nome in quella riga.
      </p><p>
	Per avere aiuto su Galois, scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">Help</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione, o
	<span class="guimenu">Help</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">Contents</span>
	dalla barra dei men, o premete
        <span class="keycap"><strong>F1</strong></span>.
	Il Manuale di Galois (cio questo documento) verr
	visualizzato.
	Se non state utilizzando GNOME, questo potrebbe non
	funzionare; in ogni caso una versione HTML del manuale 
	distribuita con l'archivio dei sorgenti, e le versioni HTML e
	PDF possono essere scaricate dal sito web di Galois.
      </p><p>
	Per avere informazioni di base su Galois, scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">About</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione, o
	<span class="guimenu">Help</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">About</span>
	dalla barra dei men.
      </p><p>
	Per uscire da Galois, scegliete
	<span class="guimenuitem">Quit</span>
	dal men dell'applicazione, o
	<span class="guimenu">Game</span> &#8594; <span class="guimenuitem">Quit</span>
	dalla barra dei men, o premete
        <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Q</strong></span>.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-game-interface"></a>Interfaccia del gioco</h3></div></div></div><p>
	La finestra di Galois contiene i seguenti elementi:
      </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">Barra dei men (1)</span></dt><dd><p>
	      In cima alla finestra.
	      Contiene le voci del men per iniziare una nuova
	      partita; fermare la partita in corso; aprire le finestre
	      delle preferenze e dei punteggi; ottenere aiuto e
	      informazioni su Galois; e uscire dal programma.
            </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Anteprima del prossimo blocco (2)</span></dt><dd><p>
	      Nell'angolo in alto a destra della finestra.
            </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Tabellone del gioco (3)</span></dt><dd><p>
	      Sulla sinistra della finestra.
	      Questo  l'elemento principale dell'interfaccia del
	      gioco: qui  dove cadono i blocchi.
            </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Visualizzazione del punteggio (4)</span></dt><dd><p>
	      Sulla destra della finestra.
	      Mostra il punteggio attuale, il livello, e il numero di
	      linee completate.
            </p></dd></dl></div><p>
	</p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figure3.png"></div><p>
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-game-controls"></a>Controlli del gioco</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Mentre i blocchi cadono, potete compiere le seguenti azioni su
	di essi:
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Muoverli a destra o a sinistra, e nelle partite 3D in alto
	    e in basso.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Ruotarli: nelle partite 2D c' un solo modo di rotazione
	    (in senso antiorario), nelle partite 3D ce ne sono tre
	    (intorno agli assi X, Y, e Z).
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Rifletterli: questa azione pu essere attivata o
	    disattivata nella finestra delle preferenze.
	    Inizialmente  disattivata.
	  </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Farli cadere: il blocco cade gi molto velocemente.
	  </p></li></ul></div><p>
	Potete eseguire ciascuna di queste azioni premendo il tasto
	corrispondente sulla tastiera.
	La mappatura tra azioni e tasti  mostrata nella finestra
	delle preferenze (scheda Controls) e pu essere cambiata
	dall'utente.
	La mappatura di partenza  come segue:
      </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
	    Per le partite 2D: <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8592;</strong></span> e
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8594;</strong></span> per muovere il blocco,
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8593;</strong></span> per ruotarlo,
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8595;</strong></span> per rifletterlo (se permesso) e
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>spazio</strong></span> per far cadere il blocco.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            Per le partite 3D: <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8592;</strong></span>,
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8594;</strong></span>, <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8593;</strong></span> e
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8595;</strong></span> per muovere nelle quattro
	    direzioni, <span class="keycap"><strong>1</strong></span>, <span class="keycap"><strong>2</strong></span> e
	    <span class="keycap"><strong>3</strong></span> per ruotare, <span class="keycap"><strong>4</strong></span> per
	    riflettere (se permesso) e <span class="keycap"><strong>spazio</strong></span> per
	    far cadere il blocco.
          </p></li></ul></div><p>
	Ho impostato diversi gruppi di controlli per le partite 2D e
	3D perch in 2D, <span class="keycap"><strong>&#8593;</strong></span> per ruotare  la
	norma nei giochi con i blocchi che cadono e permette di
	giocare comodamente con una sola mano; ma in 3D  naturale
	usare i quattro tasti freccia per muovere nelle quattro
	direzioni.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-preferences"></a>Preferenze</h3></div></div></div><p>
	La finestra delle preferenze ha due schede:
      </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">Game</span></dt><dd><p>
	      Impostazioni sulla geometria e le modalit di gioco:
            </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete la geometria tra: quadrata, esagonale,
		  triangolare (tutte queste 2D), e cubica (3D), con o
		  senza riflessione dei blocchi.
		</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete la larghezza del tabellone e (per le
		  partite in 3D) la profondit.
		</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete cosa fare ai cambi di livello (ogni 10
		  linee completate): aumentare la velocit del gioco,
		  la dimensione massima dei blocchi, o la dimensione
		  dei superblocchi.
		  Se scegliete la dimensione massima dei blocchi,
		  potete anche scegliere se aumentare, tenere fissa o
		  diminuire la dimensione minima.
		  I superblocchi sono blocchi pi grandi del massimo:
		  sono abilitati solo se scegliete la dimensione dei
		  superblocchi.
		</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete il livello di velocit iniziale e la
		  dimensione massima e minima dei blocchi.
		</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete se rimuovere le linee anche quando non
		  sono completamente piene: si possono permettere fino
		  a 2 mattoncini mancanti.
		</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete se visualizzare il prossimo blocco.
		</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
		  Scegliete se visualizzare dove si poser il blocco.
		</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Controls</span></dt><dd><p>
	      Impostazioni sui tasti di controllo: per cambiarne uno,
	      fate doppio clic sul nome del tasto corrente (o
	      selezionatelo con la tastiera e premete
	      <span class="keycap"><strong>Invio</strong></span>) e quando viene evidenziato,
	      premete il tasto con cui lo volete sostituire.
            </p></dd></dl></div><p>
	Le impostazioni sono salvate nel file
	<span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.conf</code>,
	dove <span class="emphasis"><em>config_dir</em></span>  il percorso restituito
	dalla funzione di glibmm
	<code class="function">get_user_config_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
	(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.config</code> nei sistemi
	GNU/Linux).
	Potete ripristinare le impostazioni iniziali cancellando
	questo file.
      </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="galois-scores"></a>Punteggi</h3></div></div></div><p>
	Galois registra i punteggi delle migliori partite insieme alle
	rispettive impostazioni.
	La finestra dei punteggi mostra i migliori 10 punteggi per le
	impostazioni correnti.
      </p><p>
	I punteggi possono essere filtrati secondo vari criteri, per
	esempio potete scegliere se vedere solo le partite giocate con
	uno specifico intervallo di dimensioni iniziali, o tutte le
	partite giocate con mattoncini quadrati, o persino con
	qualunque forma di mattoncini.
	I filtri possono essere cambiati usando i pulsanti e i campi
	in cima alla finestra dei punteggi.
      </p><p>
	Ho cercato di calibrare i punteggi proporzionalmente alla
	difficolt del gioco, in modo che partite giocate con
	impostazioni differenti possano essere confrontate; ma  molto
	arduo dare una valutazione oggettiva di quanto sia difficile
	una data modalit di gioco.
      </p><p>
	I punteggi sono salvati nel file
	<span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span><code class="filename">/galois/galois.res</code>,
	dove <span class="emphasis"><em>data_dir</em></span>  il path restituito dalla
	funzione di glibmm
	<code class="function">get_user_data_dir()</code> sul vostro computer
	(tipicamente <code class="filename">$HOME/.local/share</code> nei
	sistemi GNU/Linux).
      </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-how-to-contribute"></a>Come contribuire</h2></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
	"Gratuitamente avete ricevuto, gratuitamente date." (Matteo 10,8)
      </p></blockquote></div><p>
      Se desiderate aiutare a migliorare Galois, siete invitati a
      contattarmi (vedi
      <a class="xref" href="#galois-contact-information" title="Informazioni per contatti">sezione chiamata Informazioni per contatti</a>).
      Dovete accettare di rilasciare i vostri contributi come software
      libero sotto la licenza con cui Galois  rilasciato (la GNU
      General Public License, versione 3 o successiva).
    </p></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="galois-contact-information"></a>Informazioni per contatti</h2></div></div></div><p>
      Il sito web di Galois  su
      <a class="ulink" href="http://www.nongnu.org/galois/" target="_top">
      http://www.nongnu.org/galois/</a>
    </p><p>
      La pagina del progetto su Savannah 
      <a class="ulink" href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/galois" target="_top">
      https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/galois</a>
    </p><p>
      Per qualsiasi richiesta su Galois, mandate una email a
      <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:galois-list@nongnu.org">galois-list@nongnu.org</a>&gt;</code>
    </p><p>
      Per iscrivervi alla mailing list, o consultare i suoi archivi,
      andate su
      <a class="ulink" href="https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/galois-list" target="_top">
      https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/galois-list</a>
    </p></div><div class="appendix"><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gpl"></a>A.
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
  </h2><p>
    Version 3, 29 June 2007
  </p><p>
    Copyright  2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    <a class="ulink" href="http://fsf.org/" target="_top">http://fsf.org/</a>
  </p><p>
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  </p><h2><a name="Preamble"></a>
    Preamble
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         Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
         anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
         contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
         liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
         licensors and authors.
       </p></li></ol></div><p>
     All other non-permissive additional terms are considered &#8220;further
     restrictions&#8221; within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as
     you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
     governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction,
     you may remove that term.  If a license document contains a further
     restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you
     may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license
     document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such
     relicensing or conveying.
   </p><p>
     If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must
     place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms
     that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the
     applicable terms.
   </p><p>
     Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form
     of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above
     requirements apply either way.
   </p><h2><a name="Termination"></a>
     8. Termination.
   </h2><p>
     You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided
     under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is
     void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License
     (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section
     11).
   </p><p>
     However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
     a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
     until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
     and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
     violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
   </p><p>
     Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
     permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
     reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
     violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
     you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
   </p><p>
     Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
     licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
     License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
     reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
     material under section 10.
   </p><h2><a name="AcceptanceNotRequired"></a>
     9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
   </h2><p>
     You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a
     copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring
     solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a
     copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However, nothing other than
     this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work.
     These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License.
     Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your
     acceptance of this License to do so.
   </p><h2><a name="AutomaticDownstream"></a>
     10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
   </h2><p>
     Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a
     license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that
     work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible for enforcing
     compliance by third parties with this License.
   </p><p>
     An &#8220;entity transaction&#8221; is a transaction transferring control
     of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
     organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered work
     results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who
     receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the
     party&#8217;s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous
     paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the
     work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get
     it with reasonable efforts.
   </p><p>
     You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights
     granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may not impose a
     license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under
     this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim
     or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed
     by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or
     any portion of it.
   </p><h2><a name="Patents"></a>
    11. Patents.
  </h2><p>
    A &#8220;contributor&#8221; is a copyright holder who authorizes use under
    this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
    work thus licensed is called the contributor&#8217;s &#8220;contributor
    version&#8221;.
  </p><p>
    A contributor&#8217;s &#8220;essential patent claims&#8221; are all patent
    claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
    hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by
    this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do
    not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further
    modification of the contributor version.  For purposes of this definition,
    &#8220;control&#8221; includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a
    manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
  </p><p>
    Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent
    license under the contributor&#8217;s essential patent claims, to make, use,
    sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the
    contents of its contributor version.
  </p><p>
    In the following three paragraphs, a &#8220;patent license&#8221; is any
    express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a
    patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not
    to sue for patent infringement).  To &#8220;grant&#8221; such a patent
    license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to
    enforce a patent against the party.
  </p><p>
    If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the
    Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free
    of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available
    network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1)
    cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive
    yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or
    (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License,
    to extend the patent license to downstream recipients.  &#8220;Knowingly
    relying&#8221; means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent
    license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your
    recipient&#8217;s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one
    or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe
    are valid.
  </p><p>
    If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement,
    you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and
    grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work
    authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the
    covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to
    all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
  </p><p>
    A patent license is &#8220;discriminatory&#8221; if it does not include
    within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
    conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
    specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered work
    if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
    business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third
    party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under
    which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the
    covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection
    with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those
    copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or
    compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that
    arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
  </p><p>
    Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any
    implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be
    available to you under applicable patent law.
  </p><h2><a name="NoSurrender"></a>
    12. No Surrender of Others&#8217; Freedom.
  </h2><p>
    If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
    otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
    excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
    covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
    License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
    not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
    to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the
    Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License
    would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
  </p><h2><a name="UsedWithAGPL"></a>
    13. Use with the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License.
  </h2><p>
    Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to
    link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License into a single combined
    work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this License will
    continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special
    requirements of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Affero General Public License,
    section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
    combination as such.
  </p><h2><a name="RevisedVersions"></a>
    14. Revised Versions of this License.
  </h2><p>
    The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License from time to time.  Such new
    versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
    detail to address new problems or concerns.
  </p><p>
    Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
    specifies that a certain numbered version of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym>
    General Public License &#8220;or any later version&#8221; applies to it, you
    have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
    numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software
    Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License, you may choose any version
    ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
  </p><p>
    If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
    the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License can be used, that
    proxy&#8217;s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
    authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
  </p><p>
    Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions.
    However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright
    holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
  </p><h2><a name="WarrantyDisclaimer"></a>
    15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
  </h2><p>
    THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
    LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
    OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &#8220;AS IS&#8221; WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
    ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
    THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH
    YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
    NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
  </p><h2><a name="LiabilityLimitation"></a>
    16. Limitation of Liability.
  </h2><p>
    IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
    ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE
    PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
    GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE
    OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA
    OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
    PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
    EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    SUCH DAMAGES.
  </p><h2><a name="InterpretationSecs1516"></a>
    17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
  </h2><p>
    If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above
    cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing
    courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute
    waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
    warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in
    return for a fee.
  </p><h2><a name="idm536"></a>
    END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
  </h2><h2><a name="HowToApply"></a>
    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
  </h2><p>
    If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
    use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software
    which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
  </p><p>
    To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to
    attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the
    exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
    &#8220;copyright&#8221; line and a pointer to where the full notice is
    found.
  </p><pre class="screen">
<em class="replaceable"><code>one line to give the program&#8217;s name and a brief idea of what it does.</code></em>
Copyright (C) <em class="replaceable"><code>year</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name of author</code></em>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
  </pre><p>
    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
  </p><p>
    If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like
    this when it starts in an interactive mode:
  </p><pre class="screen">
<em class="replaceable"><code>program</code></em> Copyright (C) <em class="replaceable"><code>year</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name of author</code></em>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type &#8216;<code class="literal">show w</code>&#8217;.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type &#8216;<code class="literal">show c</code>&#8217; for details.
  </pre><p>
    The hypothetical commands &#8216;<code class="literal">show w</code>&#8217; and
    &#8216;<code class="literal">show c</code>&#8217; should show the appropriate parts of
    the General Public License.  Of course, your program&#8217;s commands might be
    different; for a GUI interface, you would use an &#8220;about box&#8221;.
  </p><p>
    You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
    if any, to sign a &#8220;copyright disclaimer&#8221; for the program, if
    necessary.  For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> <acronym class="acronym">GPL</acronym>, see
    <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
  </p><p>
    The <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License does not permit
    incorporating your program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a
    subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking
    proprietary applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do,
    use the <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> Lesser General Public License instead of this
    License.  But first, please read <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html" target="_top">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
  </p></div><div class="appendix"><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="fdl"></a>B.GNU Free Documentation License</h2><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p>
    Copyright  2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
    <a class="ulink" href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</a>
  </p><p>
    Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
    license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  </p><h3><a name="section0"></a>
    0. PREAMBLE
  </h3><p>
    The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
    functional and useful document &#8220;free&#8221; in the sense of freedom:
    to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
    or without modifying it, either commercially or
    noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
    publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
    responsible for modifications made by others.
  </p><p>
    This License is a kind of &#8220;copyleft&#8221;, which means that
    derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
    sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
    license designed for free software.
  </p><p>
    We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
    software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
    should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
    does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
    for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
    published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
    works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  </p><h3><a name="section1"></a>
    1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  </h3><p>
    This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
    contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
    distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
    world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
    under the conditions stated herein. The &#8220;Document&#8221;, below,
    refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
    and is addressed as &#8220;you&#8221;. You accept the license if you copy,
    modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
    copyright law.
  </p><p>
    A &#8220;Modified Version&#8221; of the Document means any work containing
    the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
    modifications and/or translated into another language.
  </p><p>
    A &#8220;Secondary Section&#8221; is a named appendix or a front-matter
    section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
    the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&#8217;s overall
    subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
    directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
    textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
    mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
    with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
    philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
  </p><p>
    The &#8220;Invariant Sections&#8221; are certain Secondary Sections whose
    titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
    that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
    does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
    be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
    Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
    there are none.
  </p><p>
    The &#8220;Cover Texts&#8221; are certain short passages of text that are
    listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
    that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
    be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
  </p><p>
    A &#8220;Transparent&#8221; copy of the Document means a machine-readable
    copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the
    general public, that is suitable for revising the document
    straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
    pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
    drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
    automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
    formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
    markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
    subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
    not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
    not &#8220;Transparent&#8221; is called &#8220;Opaque&#8221;.
  </p><p>
    Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
    without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
    using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
    PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
    image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
    formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
    SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
    available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
    some word processors for output purposes only.
  </p><p>
    The &#8220;Title Page&#8221; means, for a printed book, the title page
    itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
    material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
    formats which do not have any title page as such, &#8220;Title Page&#8221;
    means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&#8217;s
    title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
  </p><p>
    The &#8220;publisher&#8221; means any person or entity that distributes
    copies of the Document to the public.
  </p><p>
    A section &#8220;Entitled XYZ&#8221; means a named subunit of the Document
    whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
    following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands
    for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
    &#8220;Acknowledgements&#8221;, &#8220;Dedications&#8221;,
    &#8220;Endorsements&#8221;, or &#8220;History&#8221;.) To &#8220;Preserve
    the Title&#8221; of such a section when you modify the Document means that
    it remains a section &#8220;Entitled XYZ&#8221; according to this
    definition.
  </p><p>
    The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
    states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
    Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
    but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
    these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
    meaning of this License.
  </p><h3><a name="section2"></a>
    2. VERBATIM COPYING
  </h3><p>
    You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
    commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
    notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
    Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
    conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
    measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
    copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
    exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
    must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  </p><p>
    You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
    may publicly display copies.
  </p><h3><a name="section3"></a>
    3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
  </h3><p>
    If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
    printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
    Document&#8217;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
    the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
    Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
    back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
    publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
    with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
    other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
    the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
    these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
  </p><p>
    If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
    you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
    actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
  </p><p>
    If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
    than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
    along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
    computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
    access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
    Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
    latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
    distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
    copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
    year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
    through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
  </p><p>
    It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
    Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
    them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  </p><h3><a name="section4"></a>
    4. MODIFICATIONS
  </h3><p>
    You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
    conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
    Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
    filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
    modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
    addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem">
        Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
        from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
        should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
        Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
        original publisher of that version gives permission.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
        responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
        Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
        Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
        unless they release you from this requirement.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
        Version, as the publisher.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
        the other copyright notices.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
        giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
        terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
        and required Cover Texts given in the Document&#8217;s license
        notice.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Include an unaltered copy of this License.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Preserve the section Entitled &#8220;History&#8221;, Preserve its
        Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
        authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
        Page. If there is no section Entitled &#8220;History&#8221; in the
        Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
        of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
        describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
        public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
        network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
        based on.  These may be placed in the &#8220;History&#8221;
        section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
        at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
        publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        For any section Entitled &#8220;Acknowledgements&#8221; or
        &#8220;Dedications&#8221;, Preserve the Title of the section, and
        preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
        contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
        their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
        not considered part of the section titles.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Delete any section Entitled &#8220;Endorsements&#8221;. Such a section
        may not be included in the Modified Version.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
        &#8220;Endorsements&#8221; or to conflict in title with any Invariant
        Section.
      </li><li class="listitem">
        Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
      </li></ol></div><p>
    If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
    that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
    Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
    as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
    Sections in the Modified Version&#8217;s license notice. These titles
    must be distinct from any other section titles.
  </p><p>
    You may add a section Entitled &#8220;Endorsements&#8221;, provided it
    contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
    parties &#8212; for example, statements of peer review or that the text
    has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
    standard.
  </p><p>
    You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
    passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
    Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
    and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
    by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
    same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
    entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
    replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
    that added the old one.
  </p><p>
    The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
    permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
    endorsement of any Modified Version.
  </p><h3><a name="section5"></a>
    5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  </h3><p>
    You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
    License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
    provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
    of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
    Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
    you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
  </p><p>
    The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
    identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
    are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
    make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
    parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
    if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
    titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
    combined work.
  </p><p>
    In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
    &#8220;History&#8221; in the various original documents, forming one
    section Entitled &#8220;History&#8221;; likewise combine any sections
    Entitled &#8220;Acknowledgements&#8221;, and any sections Entitled
    &#8220;Dedications&#8221;. You must delete all sections Entitled
    &#8220;Endorsements&#8221;.
  </p><h3><a name="section6"></a>
    6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  </h3><p>
    You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
    released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
    License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
    the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
    verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  </p><p>
    You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
    it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
    License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
    respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  </p><h3><a name="section7"></a>
    7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  </h3><p>
    A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
    independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
    distribution medium, is called an &#8220;aggregate&#8221; if the copyright
    resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
    the compilation&#8217;s users beyond what the individual works
    permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
    not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
    derivative works of the Document.
  </p><p>
    If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
    of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
    aggregate, the Document&#8217;s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
    bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
    covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
    on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
  </p><h3><a name="section8"></a>
    8. TRANSLATION
  </h3><p>
    Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
    translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
    Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
    their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
    Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
    Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
    license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
    that you also include the original English version of this License and the
    original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
    disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
    License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
  </p><p>
    If a section in the Document is Entitled &#8220;Acknowledgements&#8221;,
    &#8220;Dedications&#8221;, or &#8220;History&#8221;, the requirement
    (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
    changing the actual title.
  </p><h3><a name="section9"></a>
    9. TERMINATION
  </h3><p>
    You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
    expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
    modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
    terminate your rights under this License.
  </p><p>
    However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
    from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless
    and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
    license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
    of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the
    cessation.
  </p><p>
    Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
    permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
    reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
    violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
    you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
  </p><p>
    Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
    licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
    License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
    reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
    give you any rights to use it.
  </p><h3><a name="section10"></a>
    10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  </h3><p>
    The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
    Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
    similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
    address new problems or concerns. See
    <a class="ulink" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/" target="_top">Copyleft</a>.
  </p><p>
    Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
    the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
    &#8220;or any later version&#8221; applies to it, you have the option of
    following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
    any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
    Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
    this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
    by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
    can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
    proxy&#8217;s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
    authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
  </p><h3><a name="section11"></a>
    11. RELICENSING
  </h3><p>
    &#8220;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&#8221; (or &#8220;MMC
    Site&#8221;) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable
    works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those
    works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a
    server. A &#8220;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&#8221; (or
    &#8220;MMC&#8221;) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable
    works thus published on the MMC site.
  </p><p>
    &#8220;CC-BY-SA&#8221; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
    3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
    corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
    California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published
    by that same organization.
  </p><p>
    &#8220;Incorporate&#8221; means to publish or republish a Document, in
    whole or in part, as part of another Document.
  </p><p>
    An MMC is &#8220;eligible for relicensing&#8221; if it is licensed under
    this License, and if all works that were first published under this
    License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
    whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
    sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
  </p><p>
    The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
    under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
    provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
  </p><h3><a name="addendum"></a>
    ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
  </h3><p>
    To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
    License in the document and put the following copyright and license
    notices just after the title page:
  </p><pre class="screen">Copyright  YEAR YOUR NAME

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
the section entitled &#8220;GNU Free Documentation License&#8221;.</pre><p>
    If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
    replace the &#8220;with&#8230; Texts.&#8221; line with this:
  </p><pre class="screen">with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts
being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p>
    If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
    combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
    situation.
  </p><p>
    If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
    recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
    software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
    use in free software.
  </p></div></div></body></html>