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                                     utils 
  
  
                            Utility functions in GAP 
  
  
                                      0.93
  
  
                                13 November 2025
  
  
                                 Thomas Breuer
  
                               Sebastian Gutsche
  
                                    Max Horn
  
                                Alexander Hulpke
  
                              Pedro García-Sánchez
  
                             Christopher Jefferson
  
                                  Stefan Kohl
  
                                  Frank Lübeck
  
                                 Chris Wensley
  
  
  
  Thomas Breuer
      Email:    mailto:sam@math.rwth-aachen.de
      Homepage: https://www.math.rwth-aachen.de/~Thomas.Breuer
  Sebastian Gutsche
      Email:    mailto:gutsche@mathematik.uni-siegen.de
      Homepage: https://sebasguts.github.io/
  Max Horn
      Email:    mailto:mhorn@rptu.de
      Homepage: https://github.com/mhorn
  Alexander Hulpke
      Email:    mailto:hulpke@math.colostate.edu
      Homepage: https://www.math.colostate.edu/~hulpke
  Pedro García-Sánchez
      Email:    mailto:pedro@ugr.es
      Homepage: http://www.ugr.es/local/pedro
  Christopher Jefferson
      Email:    mailto:caj21@st-andrews.ac.uk
      Homepage: https://caj.host.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/
  Stefan Kohl
      Email:    mailto:stefan@mcs.st-and.ac.uk
      Homepage: https://www.gap-system.org/DevelopersPages/StefanKohl/
  Frank Lübeck
      Email:    mailto:Frank.Luebeck@Math.RWTH-Aachen.De
      Homepage: https://www.math.rwth-aachen.de/~Frank.Luebeck
  Chris Wensley
      Email:    mailto:cdwensley.maths@btinternet.com
      Homepage: https://github.com/cdwensley
  
  -------------------------------------------------------
  Abstract
  The Utils package provides a space for utility functions in a variety of GAP
  packages  to  be collected together into a single package. In this way it is
  hoped that they will become more visible to package authors.
  
  Any  package  author who transfers a function to Utils will become an author
  of Utils.
  
  If  deemed  appropriate,  functions  may  also  be transferred from the main
  library.
  
  Bug  reports,  suggestions  and  comments  are,  of  course, welcome. Please
  contact  the  last author at mailto:cdwensley.maths@btinternet.com or submit
  an          issue          at          the         GitHub         repository
  https://github.com/gap-packages/utils/issues/.
  
  
  -------------------------------------------------------
  Copyright
  © 2015-2025, The GAP Group.
  
  The Utils package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under  the  terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
  Software  Foundation;  either  version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
  any later version.
  
  
  -------------------------------------------------------
  Acknowledgements
  This  documentation  was prepared using the GAPDoc [LN17] and AutoDoc [GH16]
  packages.
  
  The   procedure   used   to   produce   new   releases   uses   the  package
  GitHubPagesForGAP [Hor17] and the package ReleaseTools.
  
  
  -------------------------------------------------------
  
  
  Contents (Utils)
  
  1 Introduction
    1.1 Information for package authors
  2 Printing Lists and Iterators
    2.1 Printing selected items
      2.1-1 PrintSelection
  3 Lists, Sets and Strings
    3.1 Functions for lists
      3.1-1 DifferencesList
      3.1-2 QuotientsList
      3.1-3 SearchCycle
      3.1-4 RandomCombination
    3.2 Distinct and Common Representatives
      3.2-1 DistinctRepresentatives
    3.3 Functions for strings
      3.3-1 BlankFreeString
  4 Number-theoretic functions
    4.1 Functions for integers
      4.1-1 AllSmoothIntegers
      4.1-2 AllProducts
      4.1-3 RestrictedPartitionsWithoutRepetitions
      4.1-4 NextProbablyPrimeInt
      4.1-5 PrimeNumbersIterator
  5 Groups and homomorphisms
    5.1 Functions for groups
      5.1-1 Comm
      5.1-2 IsCommuting
      5.1-3 ListOfPowers
      5.1-4 GeneratorsAndInverses
      5.1-5 UpperFittingSeries
    5.2 Left Cosets for Groups
      5.2-1 LeftCoset
      5.2-2 Inverse
    5.3 Functions for group homomorphisms
      5.3-1 EpimorphismByGenerators
      5.3-2 Pullback
      5.3-3 CentralProduct
      5.3-4 IdempotentEndomorphisms
      5.3-5 DirectProductOfFunctions
      5.3-6 DirectProductOfAutomorphismGroups
  6 Matrices
    6.1 Some operations for matrices
      6.1-1 DirectSumDecompositionMatrices
  7 Iterators
    7.1 Some iterators for groups and their isomorphisms
      7.1-1 AllIsomorphismsIterator
      7.1-2 AllSubgroupsIterator
    7.2 Operations on iterators
      7.2-1 CartesianIterator
      7.2-2 UnorderedPairsIterator
  8 Records
    8.1 Functions for records
      8.1-1 AssignGlobals
    8.2 Option records for functions
      8.2-1 OptionRecordWithDefaults
  9 Web Downloads
    9.1 Functions for downloading files from the web
      9.1-1 Download
      9.1-2 User preference DownloadVerifyCertificate
      9.1-3 User preference DownloadMaxTime
  10 Various other functions
    10.1 File operations
      10.1-1 Log2HTML
    10.2 LaTeX strings
      10.2-1 IntOrOnfinityToLaTeX
      10.2-2 LaTeXStringFactorsInt
    10.3 Conversion to Magma strings
      10.3-1 ConvertToMagmaInputString
  11 Obsolete functions
    11.1 Operations from AutoDoc
    11.2 Functions for printing
    11.3 Other obsolete functions
      11.3-1 Applicable Methods
      11.3-2 ExponentOfPrime
  12 The transfer procedure