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<h1>HPC-GAP — Reference Manual</h1>
<p>Release 4.15.1, 2025-10-18</p>
</div>
<p><b>The GAP Group
</b>
<br />Email: <span class="URL"><a href="mailto:support@gap-system.org">support@gap-system.org</a></span>
<br />Homepage: <span class="URL"><a href="https://www.gap-system.org">https://www.gap-system.org</a></span>
</p><p><b>Reimer Behrends
</b>
<br />Email: <span class="URL"><a href="mailto:behrends@gmail.com">behrends@gmail.com</a></span>
</p><p><b>Vladimir Janjic
</b>
<br />Email: <span class="URL"><a href="mailto:vj32@st-andrews.ac.uk">vj32@st-andrews.ac.uk</a></span>
</p>
<p><a id="X81488B807F2A1CF1" name="X81488B807F2A1CF1"></a></p>
<h3>Copyright</h3>
<p>Copyright © (1987-2025) for the core part of the <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> system by the <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> Group.</p>
<p>Most parts of this distribution, including the core part of the <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> system are distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, see <span class="URL"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html</a></span> or the file <code class="file">GPL</code> in the <code class="file">etc</code> directory of the <strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> installation.</p>
<p>More detailed information about copyright and licenses of parts of this distribution can be found in <span class="RefLink">Reference: Copyright and License</span>.</p>
<p><strong class="pkg">GAP</strong> is developed over a long time and has many authors and contributors. More detailed information can be found in <span class="RefLink">Reference: Authors and Maintainers</span>.</p>
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<div class="contents">
<h3>Contents<a id="contents" name="contents"></a></h3>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap1.html#X7EA285468533E153">1 <span class="Heading">Tasks</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X8389AD927B74BA4A">1.1 <span class="Heading">Overview</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7C9F2EF384645B8F">1.2 <span class="Heading">Running tasks</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7DEC1649841E3813">1.2-1 RunTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7A86AE967D2A9E94">1.2-2 ScheduleTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X85BC2BBC7EF5B22E">1.2-3 DelayTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X856288C27C62B14A">1.2-4 RunAsyncTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7EAC7A4B86F5F74C">1.2-5 ScheduleAsyncTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X791CA0E07B16E7F9">1.2-6 MakeTaskAsync</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X84AFD0FA7A4E3633">1.2-7 ImmediateTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X83D2E32C8759FB37">1.2-8 ExecuteTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X861BC1488345C424">1.2-9 WaitTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X81489CD684EA11B6">1.2-10 WaitAnyTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7A86C732823E04B6">1.2-11 TaskResult</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X830A82A7847993FF">1.2-12 CullIdleTasks</a></span>
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X86F8419B7968345B">1.3 <span class="Heading">Information about tasks</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X87BB5EF38415B923">1.3-1 TaskSuccess</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X85F42F5E7E04F3C2">1.3-2 TaskError</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7C0C66E37DB9ACC0">1.3-3 CurrentTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7DA4E06B792002C7">1.3-4 RunningTasks</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7A023A657BB4F17D">1.3-5 TaskStarted</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7E7500E17EC1067D">1.3-6 TaskFinished</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7B37CED386024A1F">1.3-7 TaskIsAsync</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7B286945821A3BBA">1.4 <span class="Heading">Cancelling tasks</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X86C26E3081C3C9AA">1.4-1 CancelTask</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X8431B91487A8A3F1">1.4-2 TaskCancellationRequested</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7D61F9C487232DE7">1.4-3 OnTaskCancellation</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X82D1773F8058CA54">1.4-4 OnTaskCancellationReturn</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X802FC4C284F68696">1.5 <span class="Heading">Conditions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7EE6DC40842CD74B">1.6 <span class="Heading">Milestones</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X80CB3247854A46E4">1.6-1 NewMilestone</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X800AE2737CB715C5">1.6-2 ContributeToMilestone</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X7ACB26D38096CD56">1.6-3 AchieveMilestone</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap1.html#X83E7AF007E040FB9">1.6-4 IsMilestoneAchieved</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap2.html#X8000D4CD7F4F5594">2 <span class="Heading">Variables in HPC-GAP</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X7D9044767BEB1523">2.1 <span class="Heading">Global variables</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X7D93681D7B5E8DCD">2.2 <span class="Heading">Thread-local variables</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X7FE1310180B55506">2.2-1 MakeThreadLocal</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X81F4832C7ED44627">2.2-2 BindThreadLocal</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X8606D69B82B8AE84">2.2-3 BindThreadLocalConstructor</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap2.html#X7C508AFD8115AEB0">2.2-4 ThreadVar</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap3.html#X8076353A830B11B6">3 <span class="Heading">How HPC-GAP organizes shared memory: Regions</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7E2199568017C74F">3.1 <span class="Heading">Thread-local regions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7B697BA17A813E7D">3.2 <span class="Heading">Shared regions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X83627591876D3FF3">3.3 <span class="Heading">Ordering of shared regions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8239FDC583A4E39D">3.4 <span class="Heading">The public region</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7E0116957AFB982D">3.5 <span class="Heading">The read-only region</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X87315FA584A37637">3.6 <span class="Heading">Migrating objects between regions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X79A959BF7C24234F">3.7 <span class="Heading">Region names</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X827637EE7A69AFCD">3.8 <span class="Heading">Controlling access to regions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7BE832987B1DC975">3.9 <span class="Heading">Functions relating to regions</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X851C5F3C82F6F5AE">3.9-1 NewRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X83864D427DE991F2">3.9-2 NewLibraryRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7FB0BE4C78CA85DA">3.9-3 NewSystemRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X825A881A7A39C5C3">3.9-4 NewKernelRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X86C54C9278FE00F4">3.9-5 NewInternalRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7A7FFA847E090257">3.9-6 NewSpecialRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X86BEBBAF855AA26A">3.9-7 RegionOf</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X87421870782B33C7">3.9-8 RegionPrecedence</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7D5982617A3027BD">3.9-9 ShareObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X79E455D27E12C5B4">3.9-10 ShareLibraryObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X867DE843791EEF65">3.9-11 ShareSystemObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7E7540D17EADF97A">3.9-12 ShareKernelObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X792DAE2C83BD1554">3.9-13 ShareInternalObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X82F3B2597E0EC15E">3.9-14 ShareSpecialObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8508A72B7C215FA5">3.9-15 ShareSingleObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X87A1962578CDA61D">3.9-16 ShareSingleLibraryObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8352EF8B83390656">3.9-17 ShareSingleSystemObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7B5A471982EFD292">3.9-18 ShareSingleKernelObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X85C5F5A67DAFD919">3.9-19 ShareSingleInternalObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7CB671AE7A411314">3.9-20 ShareSingleSpecialObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X81A356DD84E76A8A">3.9-21 MigrateObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7BAE5A7282793684">3.9-22 MigrateSingleObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7E4B54BF837E81C0">3.9-23 LockAndMigrateObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7D1943AF793296F7">3.9-24 IncorporateObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X876843717F4437CB">3.9-25 AtomicIncorporateObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X784C978D801191E2">3.9-26 AdoptObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X834DDB388600E9FA">3.9-27 AdoptSingleObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X867CDC9285D30DE8">3.9-28 LockAndAdoptObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7C71A88487762733">3.9-29 CopyRegion</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8222929685E9959A">3.9-30 IsPublic</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X86B2EEF67C3378F0">3.9-31 IsThreadLocal</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X80A11F3C84DB512E">3.9-32 IsShared</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X827A26A67C99316C">3.9-33 HaveReadAccess</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X794206E5845006EA">3.9-34 HaveWriteAccess</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7F53D70285AF37B4">3.9-35 MakeReadOnlyObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7EC9341A865BCC35">3.9-36 MakeReadOnlySingleObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X860008F57EFE21C4">3.9-37 IsReadOnlyObj</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7F1E2F707F72371E">3.9-38 SetRegionName</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8427E1537ADC4575">3.9-39 ClearRegionName</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7959FC997CC9177C">3.9-40 RegionName</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X80D0DFAB7F7241E8">3.9-41 ViewShared</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7FD39BCC8526AC53">3.9-42 UNSAFE_VIEW</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7FD1B1B785E24734">3.9-43 <span class="Heading">The <code class="code">atomic</code> statement.</span></a>
</span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8789D7A57CFC13BC">3.10 <span class="Heading">Atomic functions</span></a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X78883D5E83B4425F">3.11 <span class="Heading">Write-once functionality</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X83AD36A68503CF70">3.11-1 BindOnce</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X8673539F7DA79110">3.11-2 TestBindOnce</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7BAEC41C87E1DC43">3.11-3 BindOnceExpr</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X81B15A9C8795DF59">3.11-4 TestBindOnceExpr</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap3.html#X7897092C86AE17D7">3.11-5 StrictBindOnce</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap4.html#X7AFF436381C319CD">4 <span class="Heading">Console User Interface</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7B958D607F9E0EF3">4.1 <span class="Heading">Console UI commands</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8149CF507A188BFB">4.1-1 <span class="Heading">!shell [name]</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8589D19484DBBA7B">4.1-2 <span class="Heading">!fork [name]</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7E57FE757CBAD4BC">4.1-3 <span class="Heading">!list</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7C2721208570CF5D">4.1-4 <span class="Heading">!kill id</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X86052CA284DD8E8E">4.1-5 <span class="Heading">!break id</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8022D93682DD8ABE">4.1-6 <span class="Heading">!name [id] name</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X810ED84D848681B6">4.1-7 <span class="Heading">!info id</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X847F80AB873516DC">4.1-8 <span class="Heading">!hide [id|*]</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X87515BA77E6327EE">4.1-9 <span class="Heading">!watch [id|*]</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8295E57782EEF3ED">4.1-10 <span class="Heading">!keep num</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8305DFEA87C30627">4.1-11 <span class="Heading">!prompt (id|*) string</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8484498A787248A2">4.1-12 <span class="Heading">!prefix (id|*) string</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X80CE7A5B874A8D6B">4.1-13 <span class="Heading">!select id</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7A5980F782780572">4.1-14 <span class="Heading">!next</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X838676D07FBD27CE">4.1-15 <span class="Heading">!previous</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7B6441957CFB191E">4.1-16 <span class="Heading">!replay num [id]</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X850D86EE8203F94D">4.1-17 <span class="Heading">!id</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X84FE74AA7C34C493">4.1-18 <span class="Heading">!source file</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X84BA0EF7803E2920">4.1-19 <span class="Heading">!alias shortcut expansion</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X80E7398679C4B87C">4.1-20 <span class="Heading">!unalias shortcut</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X79D5CE9A86D5FC6A">4.1-21 <span class="Heading">!eval expr</span></a>
</span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X831807A67C6B4B2D">4.1-22 <span class="Heading">!run function string</span></a>
</span>
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X876007F6862BA1BD">4.2 <span class="Heading">GAP functions to access the Shell UI</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X84154E44780A3402">4.2-1 TextUIRegisterCommand</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X85312D647966343E">4.2-2 TextUIForegroundThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7AD377F882A1EEC8">4.2-3 TextUIForegroundThreadName</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8117AC7980300EF5">4.2-4 TextUISelectThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7C9543F07F0FECF5">4.2-5 TextUIOutputHistory</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X839D85B97B23BC3C">4.2-6 TextUISetOutputHistoryLength</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X81AB547681B0A2C8">4.2-7 TextUINewSession</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X7B69D7177D7742D2">4.2-8 TextUIRunCommand</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap4.html#X8532502D78CE5475">4.2-9 TextUIWritePrompt</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap5.html#X7A5E986A790A5A18">5 <span class="Heading">Atomic objects</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X79DFD10A80868799">5.1 <span class="Heading">Atomic lists</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X7F1353B58414D4C3">5.1-1 AtomicList</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X8279EC4483E0562C">5.1-2 FixedAtomicList</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X807687A579422D3B">5.1-3 MakeFixedAtomicList</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X81AF8061871DA27C">5.1-4 FromAtomicList</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X795EE57983074ADF">5.1-5 ATOMIC_ADDITION</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X7847EAA284A02AEE">5.1-6 COMPARE_AND_SWAP</a></span>
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X823767367D6CF4FD">5.2 <span class="Heading">Atomic records and component objects</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X87EA343179BE4BFE">5.2-1 AtomicRecord</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X81E6B21C7A1AC7FE">5.2-2 FromAtomicRecord</a></span>
</div></div>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X78EDB1DB79473F53">5.3 <span class="Heading">Replacement policy functions</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X7B76F2AD818492BC">5.3-1 MakeWriteOnceAtomic</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X806C3F0681B847A0">5.3-2 MakeStrictWriteOnceAtomic</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X7E7591EC780F3988">5.3-3 MakeReadWriteAtomic</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X7DCE3B4D7D26407F">5.4 <span class="Heading">Thread-local records</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X7BE7D67586FC91E6">5.4-1 ThreadLocalRecord</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X788AF1CC8111798C">5.4-2 SetTLDefault</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap5.html#X853A898384888B85">5.4-3 SetTLConstructor</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap6.html#X841085357B854E1C">6 <span class="Heading">Thread functions</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X841085357B854E1C">6.1 <span class="Heading">Thread functions</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X7A541B6C84980B7D">6.1-1 CreateThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X81DFC84779CD1C1E">6.1-2 WaitThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X7982BA8D782C171B">6.1-3 CurrentThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X80FA498D866028CB">6.1-4 ThreadID</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X787679BC7D36FAA3">6.1-5 KillThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X7BC284107E56A01B">6.1-6 PauseThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X80D590EC78C93F94">6.1-7 ResumeThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X8521A5777CCD0B37">6.1-8 InterruptThread</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X80C207B387CA888E">6.1-9 SetInterruptHandler</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X78E5F5987BEFACE6">6.1-10 NewInterruptID</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap6.html#X863799F07D55BAE0">6.1-11 MAX_INTERRUPT</a></span>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap7.html#X82C4DEA2841FAC0B">7 <span class="Heading">Channels</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X82C4DEA2841FAC0B">7.1 <span class="Heading">Channels</span></a>
</span>
<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X7E666A8B7C37ADA4">7.1-1 CreateChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X81233BCB7B1173FA">7.1-2 SendChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X8004E54A7D91929C">7.1-3 TransmitChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X7AEFF25D8143DA77">7.1-4 TrySendChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X7BB33C037A81BCF6">7.1-5 TryTransmitChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X7FEABC588101CCE7">7.1-6 ReceiveChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X788785E380C10A01">7.1-7 TryReceiveChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X7A5E26F5799A17B4">7.1-8 MultiSendChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X85B8D09B802D2122">7.1-9 TryMultiSendChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X807D4263798D775E">7.1-10 MultiReceiveChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X8355AFCC8530B2CA">7.1-11 ReceiveAnyChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X846C7B3F7BF7CA0B">7.1-12 ReceiveAnyChannelWithIndex</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X81A731667C33E150">7.1-13 TallyChannel</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap7.html#X7AF2B2ED8552E33D">7.1-14 InspectChannel</a></span>
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</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap8.html#X83F63F0F7827767E">8 <span class="Heading">Semaphores</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap8.html#X83F63F0F7827767E">8.1 <span class="Heading">Semaphores</span></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap8.html#X7AC5500483465AE3">8.1-1 CreateSemaphore</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap8.html#X834E47327A3FC5A2">8.1-2 WaitSemaphore</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap8.html#X7F0C1F1F8540CF8C">8.1-3 SignalSemaphore</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap8.html#X83D868417F0069F0">8.1-4 <span class="Heading">Simulating locks</span></a>
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</div></div>
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<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap9.html#X84583568784B622A">9 <span class="Heading">Synchronization variables</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9.html#X84583568784B622A">9.1 <span class="Heading">Synchronization variables</span></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9.html#X7B55EA0E8672087C">9.1-1 CreateSyncVar</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9.html#X85E910BF7BBF3270">9.1-2 SyncWrite</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap9.html#X7B42B29B8441B4F5">9.1-3 SyncRead</a></span>
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</div>
<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap10.html#X806C386986781A27">10 <span class="Heading">Serialization support</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap10.html#X806C386986781A27">10.1 <span class="Heading">Serialization support</span></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap10.html#X787953287A989F91">10.1-1 SerializeToNativeString</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap10.html#X80FCBCCF785AA385">10.1-2 DeserializeNativeString</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap10.html#X7E8286777A438AB5">10.1-3 InstallTypeSerializationTag</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap10.html#X84E98E728481BE0F">10.1-4 InstallSerializer</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap10.html#X7A9117BE7BE87CD6">10.1-5 InstallDeserializer</a></span>
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<div class="ContChap"><a href="chap11.html#X7B27C7E98204353D">11 <span class="Heading">Low-level functionality</span></a>
<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X864926CD80307F32">11.1 <span class="Heading">Explicit lock and unlock primitives</span></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X828E21CD78EFE07A">11.1-1 LOCK</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7A7256AA7D7E3C4B">11.1-2 TRYLOCK</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7EBEFBC6875F149A">11.1-3 UNLOCK</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X83B01F7D7DC9FCD0">11.2 <span class="Heading">Hash locks</span></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X8145561486573102">11.2-1 HASH_LOCK</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7AD0136085D9CFE0">11.2-2 HASH_UNLOCK</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7BE2F84778C68D04">11.2-3 HASH_LOCK_SHARED</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X877AEBBC8249DA2C">11.2-4 HASH_UNLOCK_SHARED</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X834BA1408083326A">11.3 <span class="Heading">Migration to the public region</span></a>
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<div class="ContSSBlock">
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X8011BF108795B266">11.3-1 MAKE_PUBLIC</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X81142B5B86D8FE29">11.3-2 MAKE_PUBLIC_NORECURSE</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X81C8B4FA86E9DFD9">11.4 <span class="Heading">Memory barriers</span></a>
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<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7C15E19D85AD81E2">11.4-1 ORDERED_WRITE</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7C4DDAEF7A900359">11.4-2 ORDERED_READ</a></span>
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<div class="ContSect"><span class="tocline"><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X8217AB0984FDE424">11.5 <span class="Heading">Object manipulation</span></a>
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<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X84644A1284D0AB35">11.5-1 SWITCH_OBJ</a></span>
<span class="ContSS"><br /><span class="nocss"> </span><a href="chap11.html#X7AA8AD9E7B28961C">11.5-2 FORCE_SWITCH_OBJ</a></span>
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