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#############################################################################
##
## This file is part of GAP, a system for computational discrete algebra.
## This file's authors include Martin Schönert.
##
## Copyright of GAP belongs to its developers, whose names are too numerous
## to list here. Please refer to the COPYRIGHT file for details.
##
## SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
##
## This file defines the format of families and types. Some functions
## are moved to type1.g, which is compiled
##
#############################################################################
##
#F NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . GAP integer numbering the types
##
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID" Arg='obj'/>
##
## <Description>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
##
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID := INTOBJ_MIN;
NEW_TYPE_ID_LIMIT := INTOBJ_MAX;
#############################################################################
##
#F DeclareCategoryKernel( <name>, <super>, <filter> ) create a new category
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "DeclareCategoryKernel", function ( name, super, cat )
if not IS_IDENTICAL_OBJ( cat, IS_OBJECT ) then
atomic readwrite CATS_AND_REPS, FILTER_REGION do
ADD_LIST( CATS_AND_REPS, FLAG1_FILTER( cat ) );
REGISTER_FILTER( cat, FLAG1_FILTER( cat ), 1, FNUM_CAT_KERN );
od;
InstallTrueMethod( super, cat );
fi;
BIND_GLOBAL( name, cat );
SET_NAME_FUNC( cat, name );
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F NewCategory( <name>, <super>[, <rank>] ) . . . . . create a new category
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="NewCategory">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="NewCategory" Arg='name, super[, rank]'/>
##
## <Description>
## <Ref Func="NewCategory"/> returns a new category <A>cat</A> that has the
## name <A>name</A> and is contained in the filter <A>super</A>,
## see <Ref Sect="Filters"/>.
## This means that every object in <A>cat</A> lies automatically also in
## <A>super</A>.
## We say also that <A>super</A> is an implied filter of <A>cat</A>.
## <P/>
## For example, if one wants to create a category of group elements
## then <A>super</A> should be
## <Ref Filt="IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse"/>
## or a subcategory of it.
## If no specific supercategory of <A>cat</A> is known,
## <A>super</A> may be <Ref Filt="IsObject"/>.
## <P/>
## The optional third argument <A>rank</A> denotes the incremental rank
## (see <Ref Sect="Filters"/>) of <A>cat</A>,
## the default value is 1.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "NewCategory", function ( arg )
local cat, rank;
# Create the filter.
cat:= NEW_FILTER( arg[1] );
if LEN_LIST( arg ) >= 3 and IS_INT( arg[3] ) then
rank := arg[3];
else
rank := 1;
fi;
# Do some administrational work.
atomic readwrite CATS_AND_REPS, FILTER_REGION do
ADD_LIST( CATS_AND_REPS, FLAG1_FILTER( cat ) );
REGISTER_FILTER( cat, FLAG1_FILTER( cat ), rank, FNUM_CAT );
od;
# Do not call this before adding 'cat' to 'FILTERS'.
InstallTrueMethodNewFilter( arg[2], cat );
# Return the filter.
return cat;
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F DeclareCategory( <name>, <super>[, <rank>] ) . . . create a new category
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="DeclareCategory">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="DeclareCategory" Arg='name, super[, rank]'/>
##
## <Description>
## does the same as <Ref Func="NewCategory"/> and then binds
## the result to the global variable <A>name</A>. The variable
## must previously be writable, and is made read-only by this function.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "DeclareCategory", function( arg )
BIND_GLOBAL( arg[1], CALL_FUNC_LIST( NewCategory, arg ) );
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F DeclareRepresentationKernel( <name>, <super>, <filt> )
##
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="DeclareRepresentationKernel" Arg='name, super, filt'/>
##
## <Description>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "DeclareRepresentationKernel", function ( name, super, rep )
local filt;
atomic readwrite CATS_AND_REPS, FILTER_REGION do
if REREADING then
for filt in CATS_AND_REPS do
if NAME_FUNC(FILTERS[filt]) = name then
Print("#W DeclareRepresentationKernel \"",name,"\" in Reread. ");
Print("Change of Super-rep not handled\n");
return FILTERS[filt];
fi;
od;
fi;
atomic readwrite CATS_AND_REPS, FILTER_REGION do
ADD_LIST( CATS_AND_REPS, FLAG1_FILTER( rep ) );
REGISTER_FILTER( rep, FLAG1_FILTER( rep ), 1, FNUM_REP_KERN );
od;
od;
# Calling 'InstallTrueMethod' for two representations is not allowed.
InstallTrueMethodNewFilter( super, rep );
BIND_GLOBAL( name, rep );
SET_NAME_FUNC( rep, name );
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F NewRepresentation( <name>, <super>[, <slots>[, <req>]] ) . representation
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="NewRepresentation">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="NewRepresentation" Arg='name, super[, slots[, req]]'/>
##
## <Description>
## <Ref Func="NewRepresentation"/> returns a new representation <A>rep</A>
## that has the name <A>name</A> and is a subrepresentation of the
## representation <A>super</A>.
## This means that every object in <A>rep</A> lies automatically also in
## <A>super</A>.
## We say also that <A>super</A> is an implied filter of <A>rep</A>.
## <P/>
## Each representation in &GAP; is a subrepresentation of exactly one
## of the four representations <Ref Filt="IsInternalRep"/>,
## <Ref Filt="IsDataObjectRep"/>,
## <Ref Filt="IsComponentObjectRep"/>, <Ref Filt="IsPositionalObjectRep"/>.
## The data describing objects in the former two can be accessed only via
## &GAP; kernel functions, the data describing objects in the latter two
## is accessible also in library functions,
## see <Ref Sect="Component Objects"/>
## and <Ref Sect="Positional Objects"/> for the details.
## <P/>
## The optional third and fourth arguments <A>slots</A> and <A>req</A> are
## (and always were) unused and are only provided for backwards
## compatibility. Note that <A>slots</A> was required (but still unused)
## before GAP 4.12.
## <P/>
## The incremental rank (see <Ref Sect="Filters"/>)
## of <A>rep</A> is 1.
## <P/>
## Examples for the use of <Ref Func="NewRepresentation"/> can be found
## in <Ref Sect="Component Objects"/>,
## <Ref Sect="Positional Objects"/>, and also in
## <Ref Sect="A Second Attempt to Implement Elements of Residue Class Rings"/>.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "NewRepresentation", function ( name, super, arg... )
local rep, filt;
# Do *not* create a new representation when the file is reread.
if REREADING then
atomic readonly CATS_AND_REPS, readwrite FILTER_REGION do
for filt in CATS_AND_REPS do
if NAME_FUNC(FILTERS[filt]) = name then
Print("#W NewRepresentation \"",name,"\" in Reread. ");
Print("Change of Super-rep not handled\n");
return FILTERS[filt];
fi;
od;
od;
fi;
# Create the filter.
if LEN_LIST(arg) > 2 then
Error("usage: NewRepresentation( <name>, <super>[, <slots> [, <req> ]] )");
elif LEN_LIST(arg) > 0 then
INFO_OBSOLETE(3, "starting with GAP 4.12, the third argument <slots> is unused",
" in ", INPUT_FILENAME(), ":", STRING_INT(INPUT_LINENUMBER()));
if LEN_LIST(arg) = 2 then
INFO_OBSOLETE(2, "the fourth argument <req> is unused",
" in ", INPUT_FILENAME(), ":", STRING_INT(INPUT_LINENUMBER()));
fi;
fi;
rep := NEW_FILTER( name );
# Do some administrational work.
atomic readwrite CATS_AND_REPS, FILTER_REGION do
ADD_LIST( CATS_AND_REPS, FLAG1_FILTER( rep ) );
REGISTER_FILTER( rep, FLAG1_FILTER( rep ), 1, FNUM_REP );
od;
# Do not call this before adding 'rep' to 'FILTERS'.
InstallTrueMethodNewFilter( super, rep );
# Return the filter.
return rep;
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F DeclareRepresentation( <name>, <super>[, <slots>[, <req>]] )
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="DeclareRepresentation">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="DeclareRepresentation" Arg='name, super[, slots[, req]]'/>
##
## <Description>
## does the same as <Ref Func="NewRepresentation"/> and then binds
## the result to the global variable <A>name</A>. The variable
## must previously be writable, and is made read-only by this function.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "DeclareRepresentation", function ( arg )
BIND_GLOBAL( arg[1], CALL_FUNC_LIST( NewRepresentation, arg ) );
end );
#############################################################################
##
#R IsInternalRep
#R IsPositionalObjectRep
#R IsComponentObjectRep
#R IsDataObjectRep
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="BasicRepresentations">
## <ManSection>
## <Heading>Basic Representations of Objects</Heading>
## <Filt Name="IsInternalRep" Arg='obj' Type='Representation'/>
## <Filt Name="IsDataObjectRep" Arg='obj' Type='Representation'/>
## <Filt Name="IsPositionalObjectRep" Arg='obj' Type='Representation'/>
## <Filt Name="IsComponentObjectRep" Arg='obj' Type='Representation'/>
##
## <Description>
## &GAP; distinguishes four essentially different ways to represent
## objects.
## First there are the representations <Ref Filt="IsInternalRep"/> for
## internal objects such as integers and permutations,
## and <Ref Filt="IsDataObjectRep"/> for other objects that are created
## and whose data are accessible only by kernel functions.
## The data structures underlying such objects cannot be manipulated
## at the &GAP; level.
## <P/>
## All other objects are either in the representation
## <Ref Filt="IsComponentObjectRep"/> or in the representation
## <Ref Filt="IsPositionalObjectRep"/>,
## see <Ref Sect="Component Objects"/>
## and <Ref Sect="Positional Objects"/>.
## <P/>
## An object can belong to several representations in the sense that it
## lies in several subrepresentations of <Ref Filt="IsComponentObjectRep"/>
## or of <Ref Filt="IsPositionalObjectRep"/>.
## The representations to which an object belongs should form a chain
## and either two representations are disjoint
## or one is contained in the other.
## So the subrepresentations of <Ref Filt="IsComponentObjectRep"/> and
## <Ref Filt="IsPositionalObjectRep"/> each form trees.
## In the language of Object Oriented Programming,
## we support only single inheritance for representations.
## <P/>
## These trees are typically rather shallow, since for one representation
## to be contained in another implies that all the components of the data
## structure implied by the containing representation, are present in,
## and have the same meaning in, the smaller representation (whose data
## structure presumably contains some additional components).
## <P/>
## Objects may change their representation, for example a mutable list
## of characters can be converted into a string.
## <P/>
## All representations in the library are created during initialization,
## in particular they are not created dynamically at runtime.
## <P/>
## Examples of subrepresentations of <Ref Filt="IsPositionalObjectRep"/> are
## <C>IsModulusRep</C>, which is used for residue classes in the ring of
## integers, and <C>IsDenseCoeffVectorRep</C>, which is used for elements of
## algebras that are defined by structure constants.
## <P/>
## An important subrepresentation of <Ref Filt="IsComponentObjectRep"/> is
## <Ref Filt="IsAttributeStoringRep"/>,
## which is used for many domains and some other objects.
## It provides automatic storing of all attribute values
## (see Section <Ref Sect="Attributes"/>).
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
DeclareRepresentation( "IsInternalRep", IS_OBJECT );
DeclareRepresentation( "IsPositionalObjectRep", IS_OBJECT );
DeclareRepresentation( "IsComponentObjectRep", IS_OBJECT );
DeclareRepresentation( "IsDataObjectRep", IS_OBJECT );
# the following are for HPC-GAP, but we also provide them in plain GAP, to
# make it easier to write code which works in both.
DeclareRepresentation( "IsNonAtomicComponentObjectRep",
IsComponentObjectRep );
DeclareRepresentation( "IsReadOnlyPositionalObjectRep",
IsPositionalObjectRep );
DeclareRepresentation( "IsAtomicPositionalObjectRep",
IsPositionalObjectRep );
#############################################################################
##
#R IsAttributeStoringRep
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="IsAttributeStoringRep">
## <ManSection>
## <Filt Name="IsAttributeStoringRep" Arg='obj' Type='Representation'/>
##
## <Description>
## Objects in this representation have default methods to get stored values
## of attributes and –if they are immutable– to store attribute
## values automatically once they have been computed.
## <Index>system getter</Index>
## <Index>system setter</Index>
## (These methods are called the <Q>system getter</Q> and the
## <Q>system setter</Q> of the attribute, respectively.)
## <P/>
## As a consequence,
## for immutable objects in <Ref Filt="IsAttributeStoringRep"/>,
## subsequent calls to an attribute will return the <E>same</E> object.
## <P/>
## <E>Mutable</E> objects in <Ref Filt="IsAttributeStoringRep"/>
## are allowed, but attribute values are not stored automatically in them.
## Such objects are useful because they may later be made immutable using
## <Ref Func="MakeImmutable"/>, at which point they will start storing
## all attribute values.
## <P/>
## Note that one can force an attribute value to be stored in a mutable
## object in <Ref Filt="IsAttributeStoringRep"/>,
## by explicitly calling the attribute setter.
## This feature should be used with care.
## For example, think of a mutable matrix whose rank or trace gets stored,
## and the values later become wrong when somebody changes the matrix
## entries.
## <P/>
## <Example><![CDATA[
## gap> g:= Group( (1,2)(3,4), (1,3)(2,4) );;
## gap> IsAttributeStoringRep( g );
## true
## gap> HasSize( g ); Size( g ); HasSize( g );
## false
## 4
## true
## gap> r:= 7/4;;
## gap> IsAttributeStoringRep( r );
## false
## gap> Int( r ); HasInt( r );
## 1
## false
## ]]></Example>
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
## Note that we do not promise anything about
## the component names used for storing attribute values.
## (In earlier versions of GAP, a rule had been stated in a code file,
## but this rule was not part of the manuals.)
##
DeclareRepresentation( "IsAttributeStoringRep", IsComponentObjectRep );
#############################################################################
##
## create the family of all families and the family of all types
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "EMPTY_FLAGS", FLAGS_FILTER( IS_OBJECT ) );
DeclareCategory( "IsFamily" , IS_OBJECT );
DeclareCategory( "IsType" , IS_OBJECT );
DeclareCategory( "IsFamilyOfFamilies", IsFamily );
DeclareCategory( "IsFamilyOfTypes" , IsFamily );
DeclareRepresentation( "IsFamilyDefaultRep",
IsComponentObjectRep );
#T why not `IsAttributeStoringRep' ?
DeclareRepresentation( "IsTypeDefaultRep",
IsPositionalObjectRep );
if IsHPCGAP then
BIND_GLOBAL( "FamilyOfFamilies", AtomicRecord( rec() ) );
else
BIND_GLOBAL( "FamilyOfFamilies", rec() );
fi;
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID := NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID+1;
BIND_GLOBAL( "TypeOfFamilies", [
FamilyOfFamilies,
WITH_IMPS_FLAGS( FLAGS_FILTER( IsFamily and IsFamilyDefaultRep ) ),
false,
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID ] );
FamilyOfFamilies!.NAME := "FamilyOfFamilies";
FamilyOfFamilies!.REQ_FLAGS := FLAGS_FILTER( IsFamily );
FamilyOfFamilies!.IMP_FLAGS := EMPTY_FLAGS;
FamilyOfFamilies!.TYPES := [];
FamilyOfFamilies!.nTYPES := 0;
FamilyOfFamilies!.HASH_SIZE := 100;
# for caching types of homogeneous lists, assigned in kernel when needed
if IsHPCGAP then
FamilyOfFamilies!.TYPES_LIST_FAM := MakeWriteOnceAtomic(AtomicList(27));
else
FamilyOfFamilies!.TYPES_LIST_FAM := [];
# for efficiency
FamilyOfFamilies!.TYPES_LIST_FAM[27] := 0;
fi;
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID := NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID+1;
BIND_GLOBAL( "TypeOfFamilyOfFamilies", [
FamilyOfFamilies,
WITH_IMPS_FLAGS( FLAGS_FILTER( IsFamilyOfFamilies and IsFamilyDefaultRep
and IsAttributeStoringRep
) ),
false,
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID ] );
if IsHPCGAP then
BIND_GLOBAL( "FamilyOfTypes", AtomicRecord( rec() ) );
else
BIND_GLOBAL( "FamilyOfTypes", rec() );
fi;
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID := NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID+1;
BIND_GLOBAL( "TypeOfTypes", [
FamilyOfTypes,
WITH_IMPS_FLAGS( FLAGS_FILTER( IsType and IsTypeDefaultRep ) ),
false,
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID ] );
FamilyOfTypes!.NAME := "FamilyOfTypes";
FamilyOfTypes!.REQ_FLAGS := FLAGS_FILTER( IsType );
FamilyOfTypes!.IMP_FLAGS := EMPTY_FLAGS;
FamilyOfTypes!.TYPES := [];
FamilyOfTypes!.nTYPES := 0;
FamilyOfTypes!.HASH_SIZE := 100;
# for caching types of homogeneous lists, assigned in kernel when needed
if IsHPCGAP then
FamilyOfTypes!.TYPES_LIST_FAM := MakeWriteOnceAtomic(AtomicList(27));
else
FamilyOfTypes!.TYPES_LIST_FAM := [];
# for efficiency
FamilyOfTypes!.TYPES_LIST_FAM[27] := 0;
fi;
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID := NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID+1;
BIND_GLOBAL( "TypeOfFamilyOfTypes", [
FamilyOfFamilies,
WITH_IMPS_FLAGS( FLAGS_FILTER( IsFamilyOfTypes and IsTypeDefaultRep ) ),
false,
NEW_TYPE_NEXT_ID ] );
SET_TYPE_POSOBJ( TypeOfTypes, TypeOfTypes );
SET_TYPE_POSOBJ( TypeOfFamilies, TypeOfTypes );
SET_TYPE_POSOBJ( TypeOfFamilyOfTypes, TypeOfTypes );
SET_TYPE_POSOBJ( TypeOfFamilyOfFamilies, TypeOfTypes );
SET_TYPE_COMOBJ( FamilyOfFamilies, TypeOfFamilyOfFamilies );
SET_TYPE_COMOBJ( FamilyOfTypes, TypeOfFamilyOfTypes );
if IsHPCGAP then
MakeReadOnlyObj(TypeOfFamilyOfFamilies);
MakeReadOnlyObj(TypeOfFamilyOfTypes);
MakeReadOnlyObj(TypeOfFamilies);
MakeReadOnlyObj(TypeOfTypes);
fi;
#############################################################################
##
#O CategoryFamily( <elms_filter> ) . . . . . . category of certain families
##
## <#GAPDoc Label="CategoryFamily">
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="CategoryFamily" Arg='cat'/>
##
## <Description>
## For a category <A>cat</A>,
## <Ref Func="CategoryFamily"/> returns the <E>family category</E>
## of <A>cat</A>.
## This is a category in which all families lie that know from their
## creation that all their elements are in the category <A>cat</A>,
## see <Ref Sect="Families"/>.
## <P/>
## For example, a family of associative words is in the category
## <C>CategoryFamily( IsAssocWord )</C>,
## and one can distinguish such a family from others by this category.
## So it is possible to install methods for operations that require one
## argument to be a family of associative words.
## <P/>
## <Ref Func="CategoryFamily"/> is quite technical,
## and in fact of minor importance.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
## <#/GAPDoc>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "CATEGORIES_FAMILY", [] );
if IsHPCGAP then
ShareSpecialObj(CATEGORIES_FAMILY);
fi;
BIND_GLOBAL( "CategoryFamily", function ( elms_filter )
local pair, fam_filter, super, flags, name;
name:= "CategoryFamily(";
APPEND_LIST_INTR( name, SHALLOW_COPY_OBJ( NAME_FUNC( elms_filter ) ) );
APPEND_LIST_INTR( name, ")" );
CONV_STRING( name );
elms_filter:= FLAGS_FILTER( elms_filter );
atomic readwrite CATEGORIES_FAMILY do
# Check whether the desired family category is already defined.
for pair in CATEGORIES_FAMILY do
if pair[1] = elms_filter then
return pair[2];
fi;
od;
# Find the super category among the known family categories.
super := IsFamily;
flags := WITH_IMPS_FLAGS( elms_filter );
for pair in CATEGORIES_FAMILY do
if IS_SUBSET_FLAGS( flags, pair[1] ) then
super := super and pair[2];
fi;
od;
# Construct the family category.
fam_filter:= NewCategory( name, super );
ADD_LIST( CATEGORIES_FAMILY, MakeImmutable( [ elms_filter, fam_filter ] ) );
return fam_filter;
od;
end );
#############################################################################
##
#F DeclareCategoryFamily( <name> )
##
## <ManSection>
## <Func Name="DeclareCategoryFamily" Arg='name'/>
##
## <Description>
## creates the family category of the category that is bound to the global
## variable with name <A>name</A>,
## and binds it to the global variable with name <C><A>name</A>Family</C>.
## </Description>
## </ManSection>
##
BIND_GLOBAL( "DeclareCategoryFamily", function( name )
local nname;
nname:= SHALLOW_COPY_OBJ( name );
APPEND_LIST_INTR( nname, "Family" );
BIND_GLOBAL( nname, CategoryFamily( VALUE_GLOBAL( name ) ) );
end );
#############################################################################
##
#M PrintObj( <fam> )
##
InstallOtherMethod( PRINT_OBJ,
"for a family",
true,
[ IsFamily ],
0,
function ( family )
local req_flags, imp_flags;
Print( "NewFamily( " );
Print( "\"", family!.NAME, "\"" );
req_flags := family!.REQ_FLAGS;
Print( ", ", TRUES_FLAGS( req_flags ) );
imp_flags := family!.IMP_FLAGS;
if imp_flags <> [] then
Print( ", ", TRUES_FLAGS( imp_flags ) );
fi;
Print( " )" );
end );
#############################################################################
##
#M PrintObj( <type> )
##
InstallOtherMethod( PRINT_OBJ,
"for a type",
true,
[ IsType ],
0,
function ( type )
local family, flags, data;
family := type![ POS_FAMILY_TYPE ];
flags := type![ POS_FLAGS_TYPE ];
data := type![ POS_DATA_TYPE ];
Print( "NewType( ", family );
if flags <> [] or data <> false then
Print( ", " );
Print( TRUES_FLAGS( flags ) );
if data <> false then
Print( ", " );
Print( data );
fi;
fi;
Print( " )" );
end );
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