------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                                                          --
--                         GNAT RUN-TIME COMPONENTS                         --
--                                                                          --
--          A D A . R E A L _ T I M E . T I M I N G _ E V E N T S           --
--                                                                          --
--                                 B o d y                                  --
--                                                                          --
--           Copyright (C) 2005-2024, Free Software Foundation, Inc.        --
--                                                                          --
-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                                     --
--                                                                          --
-- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
-- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception,   --
-- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.               --
--                                                                          --
-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and    --
-- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;     --
-- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see    --
-- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          --
--                                                                          --
-- GNAT was originally developed  by the GNAT team at  New York University. --
-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc.      --
--                                                                          --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

with System.Task_Primitives.Operations;
with System.Tasking.Utilities;
with System.Soft_Links;
with System.Interrupt_Management.Operations;

with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
pragma Elaborate_All (Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists);

---------------------------------
-- Ada.Real_Time.Timing_Events --
---------------------------------

package body Ada.Real_Time.Timing_Events is

   use System.Task_Primitives.Operations;

   package SSL renames System.Soft_Links;

   type Any_Timing_Event is access all Timing_Event'Class;
   --  We must also handle user-defined types derived from Timing_Event

   ------------
   -- Events --
   ------------

   package Events is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists (Any_Timing_Event);
   --  Provides the type for the container holding pointers to events

   All_Events : Events.List;
   --  The queue of pending events, ordered by increasing timeout value, that
   --  have been "set" by the user via Set_Handler.

   Event_Queue_Lock : aliased System.Task_Primitives.RTS_Lock;
   --  Used for mutually exclusive access to All_Events

   --  We need to Initialize_Lock before Timer is activated. The purpose of the
   --  Dummy package is to get around Ada's syntax rules.

   package Dummy is end Dummy;
   package body Dummy is
   begin
      Initialize_Lock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access, Level => PO_Level);
   end Dummy;

   procedure Process_Queued_Events;
   --  Examine the queue of pending events for any that have timed out. For
   --  those that have timed out, remove them from the queue and invoke their
   --  handler (unless the user has cancelled the event by setting the handler
   --  pointer to null). Mutually exclusive access is held via Event_Queue_Lock
   --  during part of the processing.

   procedure Insert_Into_Queue (This : Any_Timing_Event);
   --  Insert the specified event pointer into the queue of pending events
   --  with mutually exclusive access via Event_Queue_Lock.

   procedure Remove_From_Queue (This : Any_Timing_Event);
   --  Remove the specified event pointer from the queue of pending events with
   --  mutually exclusive access via Event_Queue_Lock. This procedure is used
   --  by the client-side routines (Set_Handler, etc.).

   -----------
   -- Timer --
   -----------

   task Timer is
      pragma Priority (System.Priority'Last);
   end Timer;

   task body Timer is
      Period : constant Time_Span := Milliseconds (100);
      --  This is a "chiming" clock timer that fires periodically. The period
      --  selected is arbitrary and could be changed to suit the application
      --  requirements. Obviously a shorter period would give better resolution
      --  at the cost of more overhead.

      Ignore : constant Boolean := System.Tasking.Utilities.Make_Independent;
      pragma Unreferenced (Ignore);

   begin
      --  Since this package may be elaborated before System.Interrupt,
      --  we need to call Setup_Interrupt_Mask explicitly to ensure that
      --  this task has the proper signal mask.

      System.Interrupt_Management.Operations.Setup_Interrupt_Mask;

      loop
         Process_Queued_Events;
         delay until Clock + Period;
      end loop;
   end Timer;

   ---------------------------
   -- Process_Queued_Events --
   ---------------------------

   procedure Process_Queued_Events is
      Next_Event : Any_Timing_Event;

   begin
      loop
         SSL.Abort_Defer.all;

         Write_Lock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);

         if All_Events.Is_Empty then
            Unlock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);
            SSL.Abort_Undefer.all;
            return;
         else
            Next_Event := All_Events.First_Element;
         end if;

         if Next_Event.Timeout > Clock then

            --  We found one that has not yet timed out. The queue is in
            --  ascending order by Timeout so there is no need to continue
            --  processing (and indeed we must not continue since we always
            --  delete the first element).

            Unlock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);
            SSL.Abort_Undefer.all;
            return;
         end if;

         --  We have an event that has timed out so we will process it. It must
         --  be the first in the queue so no search is needed.

         All_Events.Delete_First;

         --  A fundamental issue is that the invocation of the event's handler
         --  might call Set_Handler on itself to re-insert itself back into the
         --  queue of future events. Thus we cannot hold the lock on the queue
         --  while invoking the event's handler.

         Unlock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);

         SSL.Abort_Undefer.all;

         --  There is no race condition with the user changing the handler
         --  pointer while we are processing because we are executing at the
         --  highest possible application task priority and are not doing
         --  anything to block prior to invoking their handler.

         declare
            Handler : constant Timing_Event_Handler := Next_Event.Handler;

         begin
            --  The first act is to clear the event, per D.15(13/2). Besides,
            --  we cannot clear the handler pointer *after* invoking the
            --  handler because the handler may have re-inserted the event via
            --  Set_Event. Thus we take a copy and then clear the component.

            Next_Event.Handler := null;

            if Handler /= null then
               Handler.all (Timing_Event (Next_Event.all));
            end if;

         --  Ignore exceptions propagated by Handler.all, as required by
         --  RM D.15(21/2).

         exception
            when others =>
               null;
         end;
      end loop;
   end Process_Queued_Events;

   -----------------------
   -- Insert_Into_Queue --
   -----------------------

   procedure Insert_Into_Queue (This : Any_Timing_Event) is

      function Sooner (Left, Right : Any_Timing_Event) return Boolean;
      --  Compares events in terms of timeout values

      package By_Timeout is new Events.Generic_Sorting (Sooner);
      --  Used to keep the events in ascending order by timeout value

      ------------
      -- Sooner --
      ------------

      function Sooner (Left, Right : Any_Timing_Event) return Boolean is
      begin
         return Left.Timeout < Right.Timeout;
      end Sooner;

   --  Start of processing for Insert_Into_Queue

   begin
      SSL.Abort_Defer.all;

      Write_Lock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);

      All_Events.Append (This);

      --  A critical property of the implementation of this package is that
      --  all occurrences are in ascending order by Timeout. Thus the first
      --  event in the queue always has the "next" value for the Timer task
      --  to use in its delay statement.

      By_Timeout.Sort (All_Events);

      Unlock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);

      SSL.Abort_Undefer.all;
   end Insert_Into_Queue;

   -----------------------
   -- Remove_From_Queue --
   -----------------------

   procedure Remove_From_Queue (This : Any_Timing_Event) is
      use Events;
      Location : Cursor;

   begin
      SSL.Abort_Defer.all;

      Write_Lock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);

      Location := All_Events.Find (This);

      if Location /= No_Element then
         All_Events.Delete (Location);
      end if;

      Unlock (Event_Queue_Lock'Access);

      SSL.Abort_Undefer.all;
   end Remove_From_Queue;

   -----------------
   -- Set_Handler --
   -----------------

   procedure Set_Handler
     (Event   : in out Timing_Event;
      At_Time : Time;
      Handler : Timing_Event_Handler)
   is
   begin
      Remove_From_Queue (Event'Unchecked_Access);
      Event.Handler := null;

      --  RM D.15(15/2) required that at this point, we check whether the time
      --  has already passed, and if so, call Handler.all directly from here
      --  instead of doing the enqueuing below. However, this caused a nasty
      --  race condition and potential deadlock. If the current task has
      --  already locked the protected object of Handler.all, and the time has
      --  passed, deadlock would occur. It has been fixed by AI05-0094-1, which
      --  says that the handler should be executed as soon as possible, meaning
      --  that the timing event will be executed after the protected action
      --  finishes (Handler.all should not be called directly from here).
      --  The same comment applies to the other Set_Handler below.

      if Handler /= null then
         Event.Timeout := At_Time;
         Event.Handler := Handler;
         Insert_Into_Queue (Event'Unchecked_Access);
      end if;
   end Set_Handler;

   -----------------
   -- Set_Handler --
   -----------------

   procedure Set_Handler
     (Event   : in out Timing_Event;
      In_Time : Time_Span;
      Handler : Timing_Event_Handler)
   is
   begin
      Remove_From_Queue (Event'Unchecked_Access);
      Event.Handler := null;

      --  See comment in the other Set_Handler above

      if Handler /= null then
         Event.Timeout := Clock + In_Time;
         Event.Handler := Handler;
         Insert_Into_Queue (Event'Unchecked_Access);
      end if;
   end Set_Handler;

   ---------------------
   -- Current_Handler --
   ---------------------

   function Current_Handler
     (Event : Timing_Event) return Timing_Event_Handler
   is
   begin
      return Event.Handler;
   end Current_Handler;

   --------------------
   -- Cancel_Handler --
   --------------------

   procedure Cancel_Handler
     (Event     : in out Timing_Event;
      Cancelled : out Boolean)
   is
   begin
      Remove_From_Queue (Event'Unchecked_Access);
      Cancelled := Event.Handler /= null;
      Event.Handler := null;
   end Cancel_Handler;

   -------------------
   -- Time_Of_Event --
   -------------------

   function Time_Of_Event (Event : Timing_Event) return Time is
   begin
      --  RM D.15(18/2): Time_First must be returned in the event is not set

      return (if Event.Handler = null then Time_First else Event.Timeout);
   end Time_Of_Event;

   --------------
   -- Finalize --
   --------------

   procedure Finalize (This : in out Timing_Event) is
   begin
      --  D.15 (19/2) says finalization clears the event

      This.Handler := null;
      Remove_From_Queue (This'Unchecked_Access);
   end Finalize;

end Ada.Real_Time.Timing_Events;