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int usage(int retval, bool brief) {
if (brief)
( retval ? std::cerr : std::cout ) << "Usage:\n"
" Cart3Convert [ -E | -G | -P | -C | -GX | -PX | -CX ] [ -r ] [ -3 | -D ]\n"
" [ -R nrand ] [ --seed s ] [ -t a b c | -e b e2 k2 kp2 ] [ -d | -: ] [\n"
" -w ] [ -p prec ] [ --comment-delimiter commentdelim ] [ --version | -h\n"
" | --help ] [ --input-file infile | --input-string instring ] [\n"
" --line-separator linesep ] [ --output-file outfile ]\n"
"\n"
"For full documentation type:\n"
" Cart3Convert --help\n"
"or visit:\n"
" https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/C++/2.6/Cart3Convert.1.html\n";
else
( retval ? std::cerr : std::cout ) << "Man page:\n"
"\n"
"SYNOPSIS\n"
" Cart3Convert [ -E | -G | -P | -C | -GX | -PX | -CX ] [ -r ] [ -3 | -D ]\n"
" [ -R nrand ] [ --seed s ] [ -t a b c | -e b e2 k2 kp2 ] [ -d | -: ] [\n"
" -w ] [ -p prec ] [ --comment-delimiter commentdelim ] [ --version | -h\n"
" | --help ] [ --input-file infile | --input-string instring ] [\n"
" --line-separator linesep ] [ --output-file outfile ]\n"
"\n"
"DESCRIPTION\n"
" Convert coordinates for a triaxial ellipsoid to geocentric coordinates.\n"
" Geocentric coordinates have the origin at the center of the earth, with\n"
" the X, Y, and Z axes aligned with the major, median, and minor\n"
" semi-axes, a, b, and c. By default, the conversion is to geocentric\n"
" coordinates. Specifying -r causes the reverse conversion to be\n"
" performed.\n"
"\n"
" Seven latitude/longitude/heading coordinate systems are supported\n"
"\n"
" 1. Ellipsoidal coordinates, beta, omega, and alpha, signified by -En\n"
" (the default)\n"
"\n"
" 2. Geodetic coordinates, phi, lambda, and zeta, signified by -G.\n"
"\n"
" 3. Parametric coordinates, phi', lambda', and zeta, signified by -P.\n"
"\n"
" 4. Geocentric coordinates, phi\", lambda\", and zeta, signified by -C.\n"
"\n"
" 5. Geodetic coordinates, phi*, lambda*, and zeta*, with the north pole\n"
" lying on the X axis, signified by -GX.\n"
"\n"
" 6. Parametric coordinates, phi*', lambda*', and zeta*, with the north\n"
" pole lying on the X axis, signified by -PX.\n"
"\n"
" 7. Geocentric coordinates, phi*\", lambda*\", and zeta*, with the north\n"
" pole lying on the X axis, signified by -CX.\n"
"\n"
" In general, only ellipsoidal coordinates are orthogonal. However for\n"
" all coordinates, we define the heading as the direction measured\n"
" clockwise from a line of constant longitude. zeta is the same for the\n"
" geodetic, parametric, and geocentric coordinate systems.\n"
"\n"
" Points away from the surface of the ellipsoid can be described by the\n"
" orthogonal height h above from the ellipsoid and the position is given\n"
" by phi, lambda (giving the closest point on the ellipsoid), and h.\n"
" Alternatively, the confocal ellipsoid of minor radius c + H point can\n"
" be found and the position of the point is then given by beta, omega for\n"
" the confocal ellipsoid and H.\n"
"\n"
" By default, coordinates are provided on standard input as a set of\n"
" lines containing (blank separated) latitude and longitude (decimal\n"
" degrees or degrees, minutes and seconds). The interpretion of the\n"
" coordinates is governed by the -E, -G, -P, -C -GX, -PX, and -CX flags.\n"
" For each set of coordinates, the corresponding Cartesian coordinates X,\n"
" Y, Z (meters) are printed on standard output. If -r is provided, the\n"
" reserve operation is undertaken reading X, Y, Z (which asre assumed to\n"
" denote a point on the ellipsoid) on standard input and printing the\n"
" latitude and longitude.\n"
"\n"
" If the -3 flag is given (this cannot be combined with -D), an arbitrary\n"
" point in three-dimensional space is specified either with beta omega H\n"
" or with phi lambda h.\n"
"\n"
" If the -D flag is given (this cannot be combined with -3), the heading\n"
" (direction) is included in the computation converting beta omega alpha\n"
" or phi lambda zeta to X, Y, Z Vx, Vy, Vz where [vx, vy, vz] is a unit\n"
" vector lying in the surface of the ellipsoid.\n"
"\n"
" If the -R flag is given, do not read any input; instead output random\n"
" Cartesian points lying on the surface of the ellipsoid. If the -r flag\n"
" is specified the Cartesian points are converted into one of the\n"
" triaxial coordinate systems.\n"
"\n"
"OPTIONS\n"
" -E latitude and longitude is interpreted as ellipsoidal coordinates\n"
" beta and omega. This is the default.\n"
"\n"
" -G or -GX\n"
" latitude and longitude is interpreted as geodetic coordinates phi\n"
" and lambda. The X added to the flags means that the north pole\n"
" lies on the X axis.\n"
"\n"
" -P or -PX\n"
" latitude and longitude is interpreted as parametric coordinates\n"
" phi' and lambda'. The X added to the flags means that the north\n"
" pole lies on the X axis.\n"
"\n"
" -C or -CX\n"
" latitude and longitude is interpreted as geocentric coordinates\n"
" phi\" and lambda\". The X added to the flags means that the north\n"
" pole lies on the X axis.\n"
"\n"
" -r perform the reverse projection from x, y, z to latitude, longitude.\n"
" Unless -3 is given, it is assumed that the point lies on the\n"
" surface of the ellipsoid.\n"
"\n"
" -3 include the height h or H in the calculation. This cannot be\n"
" combined with -D.\n"
"\n"
" -D include the direction alpha or zeta in the calculation. With the\n"
" -r option, it is assumed that the vector [vx, vy, vz] is tangent to\n"
" the surface of the ellipsoid. This cannot be combined with -3.\n"
"\n"
" -R nrand\n"
" output nrand random points on the surface of the ellipsoid as\n"
" Cartesian coordinates. With -D add also a random Cartesian\n"
" direction tangent to the surface of the ellipsoid. In this mode,\n"
" nothing is read from standard input. With the -r option the random\n"
" points are converted into one of the triaxial coordinate systems\n"
" (and the direction is converted to a heading if -D is given).\n"
"\n"
" --seed s\n"
" set the random number seed to s when using -R. s = 0 (the default)\n"
" causes a random seed to be used.\n"
"\n"
" -t a b c\n"
" specify the ellipsoid via its major semiaxis a, median semiaxis b,\n"
" and minor semixis c. By default, we have a = 6378172 m, b =\n"
" 6378102 m, c = 6356752 m, an approximate triaxial model of the\n"
" earth. (With this model omg = 0deg, corresponds to lon =\n"
" -14.93deg.\n"
"\n"
" -e b e2 k2 kp2\n"
" specify the ellipsoid via the median semiaxis, b and the sphape\n"
" parameters e2 = (a^2 - c^2)/b^2, k2 = (b^2 - c^2)/(a^2 - c^2), and\n"
" kp2 = (a^2 - b^2)/(a^2 - c^2). Simple fractions are allowed for\n"
" e2, k2, and kp2. Internally, the supplied values of k2 and kp2 are\n"
" normalized so that k2 + kp2 = 1.\n"
"\n"
" -d output angles as degrees, minutes, seconds instead of decimal\n"
" degrees.\n"
"\n"
" -: like -d, except use : as a separator instead of the d, ', and \"\n"
" delimiters.\n"
"\n"
" -w toggle the longitude first flag (it starts off); if the flag is on,\n"
" then on input and output, longitude precedes latitude (except that,\n"
" on input, this can be overridden by a hemisphere designator, N, S,\n"
" E, W).\n"
"\n"
" -p prec\n"
" set the output precision to prec (default 3). For distances, prec\n"
" is the number of digits after the decimal point for ellipsoids\n"
" which are approximately the same size as the Earth; for other\n"
" ellipsoids the precision is adjusted to retain the same relative\n"
" precision. For latitudes and longitudes (in degrees), the number\n"
" of digits after the decimal point is prec + 5. For Cartesian\n"
" directions, the precision is prec + 7.\n"
"\n"
" --comment-delimiter commentdelim\n"
" set the comment delimiter to commentdelim (e.g., \"#\" or \"//\"). If\n"
" set, the input lines will be scanned for this delimiter and, if\n"
" found, the delimiter and the rest of the line will be removed prior\n"
" to processing and subsequently appended to the output line\n"
" (separated by a space).\n"
"\n"
" --version\n"
" print version and exit.\n"
"\n"
" -h print usage and exit.\n"
"\n"
" --help\n"
" print full documentation and exit.\n"
"\n"
" --input-file infile\n"
" read input from the file infile instead of from standard input; a\n"
" file name of \"-\" stands for standard input.\n"
"\n"
" --input-string instring\n"
" read input from the string instring instead of from standard input.\n"
" All occurrences of the line separator character (default is a\n"
" semicolon) in instring are converted to newlines before the reading\n"
" begins.\n"
"\n"
" --line-separator linesep\n"
" set the line separator character to linesep. By default this is a\n"
" semicolon.\n"
"\n"
" --output-file outfile\n"
" write output to the file outfile instead of to standard output; a\n"
" file name of \"-\" stands for standard output.\n"
"\n"
"EXAMPLES\n"
" echo 1 2 3 | Cart3Convert -t 3 2 1 -3 -p 0 -r\n"
" => 58.69140 75.11263 2.5860649\n"
" echo 58.69140 75.11263 2.5860649 | Cart3Convert -t 3 2 1 -3 -p 0\n"
" => 1.0000001 2.0000003 2.9999999\n"
"\n"
"ERRORS\n"
" An illegal line of input will print an error message to standard output\n"
" beginning with \"ERROR:\" and causes Cart3Convert to return an exit code\n"
" of 1. However, an error does not cause Cart3Convert to terminate;\n"
" following lines will be converted.\n"
"\n"
"AUTHOR\n"
" Cart3Convert was written by Charles Karney.\n"
"\n"
"HISTORY\n"
;
return retval;
}
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