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#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright (C) 2007 Aladdin Enterprises. All rights reserved.
# This script analyzes the output of Ghostscript run with -Z67.
# Its primary purpose is detecting memory leaks.
# $Id: memory.py 8686 2008-05-02 01:42:14Z giles $
USAGE = """\
Usage: python memory.py z67trace > report
where z67trace is the output of gs -Z67"""
HELP = """\
An example of usage:
gs -Z67 somefile.ps >& somefile.log
python memory.py somefile.log > somefile.report
"""
__author__ = 'L Peter Deutsch'
import re
from cStringIO import StringIO
from difflib import SequenceMatcher
#---------------- Memory representation ----------------#
class struct(object):
# Instance variables:
# address (int) - the address of the object
pass
class Store(object):
def __init__(self):
self.memories = []
def totals(self):
o = s = a = n = 0
for memory in self.memories:
for chunk in memory.chunks:
o += chunk.otop - chunk.obot
s += chunk.stop - chunk.sbot
for obj in chunk.objects:
if not obj.isfree:
n += 1
a += obj.size
return '%d object space (%d objects, %d total size), %d strings' % \
(o, n, a, s)
def compare(self, store):
ml, sml = [[(m.address, m.space, m.level) \
for m in s.memories]
for s in [self, store]]
if ml != sml:
return 'Memory lists differ'
buf = StringIO()
for m, sm in zip(self.memories, store.memories):
buf.write('Memory 0x%x, space = %d, level = %d:\n' % \
(m.address, m.space, m.level))
buf.write(m.compare(sm))
return buf.getvalue()
class Memory(struct):
def __init__(self, store, address, space, level):
self.address, self.space, self.level = address, space, level
self.chunks = []
if store: store.memories.append(self)
def compare(self, memory):
buf = StringIO()
cdict = dict([(c.address, c) for c in self.chunks])
mcdict = dict([(c.address, c) for c in memory.chunks])
for a in cdict.keys():
if a not in mcdict:
buf.write('Freed: ')
buf.write(cdict[a].listing())
for a in mcdict.keys():
if a not in cdict:
buf.write('Added: ')
buf.write(mcdict[a].listing())
for a, c in cdict.items():
if a in mcdict:
buf.write(c.compare(mcdict[a]))
return buf.getvalue()
class Chunk(struct):
# obot, otop, sbot, stop correspond to chunk_t.cbase, cbot, ctop, climit.
def __init__(self, memory, address, obot, otop, sbot, stop, cend):
self.address = address
self.obot, self.otop = obot, otop
self.sbot, self.stop = sbot, stop
self.cend = cend
self.objects = []
if memory: memory.chunks.append(self)
def compare(self, chunk):
buf = StringIO()
o, s = self.otop - self.obot, self.stop - self.sbot
co, cs = chunk.otop - chunk.obot, chunk.stop - chunk.sbot
if co != o or cs != s:
buf.write('objects %+d, strings %+d' % (co - o, cs - s))
buf.write('\n')
# Use difflib to find the differences between the two chunks.
seq1 = [b.content for b in self.objects if not b.isfree]
seq2 = [b.content for b in chunk.objects if not b.isfree]
m = SequenceMatcher(None, seq1, seq2)
pi = pj = 0
for i, j, n in m.get_matching_blocks():
while pi < i:
buf.write('- %s\n' % self.objects[pi])
pi += 1
while pj < j:
buf.write('+ %s\n' % chunk.objects[pj])
pj += 1
pi, pj = pi + n, pj + n
if buf.tell() > 1:
return 'Chunk 0x%x: ' % self.address + buf.getvalue()
else:
return ''
def listing(self):
buf = StringIO()
buf.write('chunk at 0x%x: %d used, %d free \n' % \
(self.address,
sum([o.size for o in self.objects if not o.isfree]),
sum([o.size for o in self.objects if o.isfree])))
for obj in self.objects:
buf.write(' %s\n' % obj)
return buf.getvalue()
class block(struct):
content = property(lambda b: (b.name, b.size))
def __init__(self, chunk, address, size):
self.address, self.size = address, size
if chunk: chunk.objects.append(self)
def __str__(self):
return '0x%x: %s (%d)' % (self.address, self.name, self.size)
class Object(block):
isfree = False
def __init__(self, chunk, name, address, size):
self.name = name
block.__init__(self, chunk, address, size)
class Free(block):
isfree = True
name = '(free)'
#---------------- Log reader ----------------#
# Parse the log entries produced by -Z67.
res_hex = '0x([0-9a-f]+)'
res_dec = '([-0-9]+)'
re_memory = re.compile(r'validating memory %s, space %s, [^0-9]*%s' % \
(res_hex, res_dec, res_dec))
re_chunk = re.compile(r'validating chunk %s \(%s\.\.%s, %s\.\.%s\.\.%s\)$' % \
(6 * (res_hex,)))
re_object = re.compile(r'validating ([^(]+)\(%s\) %s$' % \
(res_dec, res_hex))
re_free = re.compile(r'validating \(free\)\(%s\) %s$' % \
(res_dec, res_hex))
class Log:
def __init__(self):
self.stores = []
def readlog(self, fname):
# Read a log produced by -Z67. Each separate validation trace is a
# separate instance of Store. Note that each GC produces two
# Stores, one from pre-validation, one from post-validation.
f, store = file(fname), None
memory = chunk = None
for line in f:
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith('[6]validating memory '):
addr, space, level = re_memory.match(line[3:]).groups()
if not store: store = Store()
memory = Memory(store, int(addr, 16), int(space), int(level))
chunk = None
elif line.startswith('[6]validating chunk '):
cvalues = re_chunk.match(line[3:]).groups()
chunk = Chunk(memory, *[int(v, 16) for v in cvalues])
elif line.startswith('[7]validating (free)'):
size, addr = re_free.match(line[3:]).groups()
Free(chunk, int(addr, 16), int(size))
elif line.startswith('[7]validating '):
name, size, addr = re_object.match(line[3:]).groups()
Object(chunk, name, int(addr, 16), int(size))
elif line[2:].startswith(']validating'):
print '**** unknown:', line
elif _is_end_trace(line):
self.stores.append(store)
store = None
f.close()
def compare(self, which = slice(3, -2, 2)):
buf = StringIO()
stores = self.stores
indices = range(*which.indices(len(stores)))
for i1, i2 in zip(indices[:-1], indices[1:]):
buf.write('Comparing %d and %d\n' % (i1, i2))
for j in [i1, i2]:
buf.write('%3d: %s\n' % (j, stores[j].totals()))
buf.write(stores[i1].compare(stores[i2]))
buf.write(64 * '-' + '\n')
for j in [indices[0], indices[-1]]:
buf.write('%3d: %s\n' % (j, stores[j].totals()))
return buf.getvalue()
def _is_end_trace(line):
return line.startswith('[6]---------------- end ') and \
line.endswith('validate pointers ----------------')
#---------------- Main program ----------------#
def main(argv):
args = argv[1:]
if len(args) != 1:
print 'Use --help for usage information.'
return
if args[0] == '--help':
print USAGE
print HELP
return
log = Log()
log.readlog(args[0])
print len(log.stores), 'stores'
print log.compare()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
sys.exit(main(sys.argv) or 0)
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