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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">

<!-- Generated by fmtoweb (v. 2.9c) by Peter G. Martin -->
<HTML>
<HEAD><title>GUM v.1.0.0</title></HEAD><BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#0000EE" VLINK="#551A8B" ALINK="#FF0000">
<body>
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<center><h1>GUM v.1.0.0</h1></center>
<hr>

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<P>

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<P>

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<A name="913144"><!-- 913144 --></A>
<H1>32&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</H1>

<A name="446478"><!-- 446478 --></A>
<H1>Map filters</H1>

<A name="446038"><!-- 446038 --></A>
<EM>If you want to bend a text along a curve, you have to use a displacement map. If you want to create 3D effects you use a Bump map, and if you want to make a pattern you map your image to tiles. There are many ways to use maps. All of the Gimp map filters will be discussed here.</EM><br>

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<A name="446544"><!-- 446544 --></A>
<H2><a NAME="filters.bump.map"><!--marker filters.bump.map --></a>
<a NAME="bump.map"><!--marker bump.map --></a>
<a NAME="filters.bump.map.usage"><!--marker filters.bump.map.usage --></a>
Bump map </H2>

<A name="446148"><!-- 446148 --></A>
<P><EM><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-1.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [1]">
Bump map</EM> works by <EM>embossing</EM> an image, and then <EM>map</EM> it to another image. This will create a 3D effect in the second image, just like if you had modeled your image in clay. </P>

<A name="446149"><!-- 446149 --></A>
<P>First read about <EM>Emboss</EM> to understand <EM>Azimuth</EM>, <EM>Evaluation</EM> and <EM>Depth</EM>. </P>

<A name="446150"><!-- 446150 --></A>
<P>There are many differences between Bump map and the bump map in the Emboss plug-in. First of all, in <EM>Emboss bumpmap</EM>, you can't specify the bumpmap image you want to "bumpmap with" (picture 2). The Bump map plug-in also has more options. And in this plug-in you can bumpmap any type of image, whereas Emboss only works for RGB images without Alpha. </P>

<A name="446151"><!-- 446151 --></A>
<H3>Usage</H3>

<A name="446488"><!-- 446488 --></A>
<P>Because you can bumpmap any image, you may have to adjust the position of the background bump map. To do so, use the <EM>X</EM> and <EM>Y offset slides</EM>. You may also want to compensate the loss of luminance resulting from embossing, with the <EM>Compensate for darkening button</EM>. Because Emboss raises light pixels and carves dark pixels, it quite simple to reverse so that otherwise dark and carved parts of your map will turn light and raised. To achieve this, check <EM>Invert bumpmap</EM>. <BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-2.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [2]">
</P>

<A name="446160"><!-- 446160 --></A>
<P>The<EM> ambient slide</EM> controls how much ambient light you want in your image. A high level of ambient light will make all shadows disappear, and the raised and carved parts will be less apparent. </P>

<A name="446161"><!-- 446161 --></A>
<P><EM>Water level?</EM> - what the hack is it? Well, you often use <EM>Alpha values</EM> or transparent parts in an image. If you use <EM>transparency</EM> in your map image, those pixels will be treated as dark pixels, and therefore become carved. If you slide the water level up to 255, they will be flattened and turn invisible, just as if you had raised the water level. (If you use <EM>Invert bumpmap</EM> they will be treated as light pixels, and get raised. Using Water Level will flatten that too. So Water Level can be a <EM>water raiser</EM> but also a something of a<EM> bulldozer</EM>). </P>

<A name="446162"><!-- 446162 --></A>
<P><EM>Linear</EM> <EM>map</EM>, <EM>Spherical</EM> <EM>map</EM> and <EM>Sinusoidal</EM> <EM>map</EM> can best be described as the tools you use to create your model. Figure 1 shows the relationship between different map modes, and how they raise/carve in relation to light/dark pixels<BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-3.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [3]">
.</P>

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<A name="446545"><!-- 446545 --></A>

<A name="446546"><!-- 446546 --></A>
<H2><a NAME="filters.coordinate.map"><!--marker filters.coordinate.map --></a>
<a NAME="coordinate.map"><!--marker coordinate.map --></a>
Coordinate Map</H2>

<A name="446177"><!-- 446177 --></A>
<P>This filter does the same as the <EM>Displace filter</EM>. The creator of this filter writes that this is easier to use, and maybe he's right, you will have to try it for yourself. There is one limitation though, it will only work with 256x256 pixel images. </P>

<A name="446178"><!-- 446178 --></A>
<P>Here is how it works: The plug-in will try to map two images, (one in X direction, and one in Y direction) on an original image. The original image will get the architecture from the map images. See pictures and displace plug-in. You can't specify the offset <EM>(just as in the Displace filter)</EM>.</P>

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<H2><a NAME="displace"><!--marker displace --></a>
<a NAME="filters.displace."><!--marker filters.displace. --></a>
<a NAME=".nopage.filters.displace.see.displace"><!--marker .nopage.filters.displace.see.displace --></a>
Displace</H2>

<A name="446061"><!-- 446061 --></A>
<P><EM>This filter is a general distort filter, which can be used for nearly all kinds of distortion. You can for example use it to whirl, pinch, shift, spread or melt your image. We will try to give you a short introduction to the hidden secrets of this filter. </EM></P>

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<H3><a NAME="displace.description"><!--marker displace.description --></a>
Description</H3>

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<P> It is clear that this filter will <EM>displace</EM> an image or part of an image, the question is how? To put it simple, the Displace filter needs a <EM>displacement map</EM> to tell it how to distort the image. The brightness or darkness values in this map controls how Displace moves the image pixels. To make displacement easy, always use grayscale images as maps. It will work with colored images too, but as displacement depends on the brightness/darkness of the map, the color information is simply not used. </P>

<A name="446063"><!-- 446063 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>Use grayscale images as displacement maps </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

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<A name="446551"><!-- 446551 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG><a NAME="displace.calculations"><!--marker displace.calculations --></a>
The amount of displacement is based on the brightness/darkness of the map </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446065"><!-- 446065 --></A>

</UL>
<H3>Calculations </H3>

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<P>As we know from earlier chapters, you can use 256 shades of gray in a grayscale image. How bright or dark a gray "color" is, depends on the <EM>Intensity</EM> value, which goes from 1 (black) to 256 (white). In the middle of this range we find "medium gray" with a value of 128. </P>

<A name="446066"><!-- 446066 --></A>
<P>One of the fundamental parts of displacement is that the "dark values" 0 to 127 will be displaced in one direction, the "medium gray" value 128 will not be displaced at all, and the "light values" 129 to 256 will be displaced in the opposite direction of the "dark values". To make thing easier we can put this range in a new perspective. If you think of -128 as total darkness, and 0 as "medium gray" and +128 as total lightness, it becomes more clear that displacement will go in different directions, since we have negative and positive intensity in our map. The maximum displacement in either direction happens where the map has a value of either (-128) or (+128). </P>

<A name="446067"><!-- 446067 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>Displacement is based on a brightness/darkness scale, ranging from -128 to +128 </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

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<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>There will be no displacement where the value is 0 </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446069"><!-- 446069 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>The displacement goes in two directions. Negative values displace to one direction, and positive to the opposite direction. </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446073"><!-- 446073 --></A>

</UL>
<H3>The user interface</H3>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-4.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [4]">
Let's take a closer look at the<EM> user interface</EM>. As you can see, you can displace in both X -and Y directions. You can also set how much you want to displace, and which map you want to use. To make it easy to understand, we will stick with only one direction (X in this case). </P>

<A name="446728"><!-- 446728 --></A>
<P>The first thing you have to do is create, or open the image to be displaced (We will render a grid system so you can see what's happening). </P>

<A name="446752"><!-- 446752 --></A>
<P>The second thing you have to do is to make a displacement map. The easiest way to do this is to <EM>duplicate</EM> your image, because the map must have the same size or proportions as the image you want to displace. Convert the duplicate to Grayscale and clear it.</P>

<A name="446753"><!-- 446753 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>The map must have the same proportions as the image or selection that is going to be displaced </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

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</UL>
<H3>Examples</H3>

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<H4><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-5.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [5]">
 <a NAME="displace.examples"><!--marker displace.examples --></a>
Example 1; basic displacing </H4>

<A name="446075"><!-- 446075 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>To make it easy; copy, grayscale and clear the image that is going to be displaced, and use that as the base for a map. Now, bring up the Displacement plug-in from the image which is going to be displaced. <!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446736"><!-- 446736 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>Uncheck "Y" and make sure that "X" is checked and check Black. <!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446737"><!-- 446737 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>Set the X displacement to 50, and bring up the map image. <!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446738"><!-- 446738 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>Fill the map with white (+128), choose the name of the map image in the displacement dialog, and press OK. The image has now been displaced 50 pixels to the left (pic. X). <!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446740"><!-- 446740 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>Now press <CODE>Ctrl -Z</CODE> and do it again, but this time with a map which is totally black (-128) The image has now been displaced 50 pixels to the right (pic X).<!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446741"><!-- 446741 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>Let's do this with a map with a value of +64 (a gray with the Intensity value 191). This will displace the image 25 pixels to the left because (64 *50)/128 is 25, which leads to the following algoritm: (value (of gray) * (displacement value))/ 128 equals the amount of displacement. (pic X).<!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446748"><!-- 446748 --></A>

</UL>
<P>Positive values will displace to the left, and negative to the right. More examples: Gray value: -64 (dark) Displacement value: +50 -&gt; (-64 *50)/128 = -25 -&gt; 25 pixels displacement to the right. Gray value: +64 and Displacement value: -50 -&gt; (64 *-50)/128 = -25 -&gt; 25 pixels displacement to the right. </P>

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<P>

<A name="446082"><!-- 446082 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>If you have positive "X" displacement values, a bright map will displace to the left and a dark to the right </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446083"><!-- 446083 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>The amount of displacement is based up on this algoritm: (value *displacement)/128= displacement in pixels, positive to the left and negative to the right. </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446084"><!-- 446084 --></A>

</UL>
<P><STRONG>The above is also true for Y direction displacement, you just have to switch left to top and black to bottom. </STRONG></P>

<A name="446085"><!-- 446085 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>If you have positive "Y" displacement values, a bright map will displace to the top of the image and a dark to the bottom of the image </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446086"><!-- 446086 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><STRONG>The amount of displacement is based on this algoritm: (value*displacement)/128= displacement in pixels, positive to the top and negative to the bottom. </STRONG><!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446786"><!-- 446786 --></A>

</UL>
<H4>Example 2; displacing in two directions</H4>

<A name="446769"><!-- 446769 --></A>
<P>Now we move to more complex displacement. As you see in the dialog box, you can displace in both X and Y direction. This means that you can e.g. displace the image towards the bottom left corner. To achieve this, you have to make <EM>two maps</EM>, one white and one black. Map the black one to Y and the white one to X. Your image will now be displaced toward the bottom left corner (pic X)<BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-6.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [6]">
. </P>

<A name="446773"><!-- 446773 --></A>
<H4>Example 3 and 4; spreading and curving</H4>

<A name="446789"><!-- 446789 --></A>
<P>We said earlier that you can achieve any kind of distortment with this plug-in, so we will give you two more examples: </P>

<A name="446790"><!-- 446790 --></A>
<P><EM>Spread horizontal</EM>: Create a map made of horizontal black, white and gray stripes. The different intensity in the stripes will make the displaced image look as if you have spread it in horizontal ribbons. You have to experiment by yourself to figure out what you can do, but trust me - you can do a lot with this plug-in. </P>

<A name="446791"><!-- 446791 --></A>
<P><EM>Curving Text</EM>: The obvious thing is to bend text over something circular, e.g a terrestrial globe. To achieve that, you'll have to create a suitable gradient (dark in both ends and light in the middle) with the <EM>Gradient Editor</EM>. Here we have created a displacement map that will make the text flow around the shape of the car<BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-7.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [7]">
.</P>

<A name="446103"><!-- 446103 --></A>

<A name="446553"><!-- 446553 --></A>
<H3><a NAME="displace.tips..tricks"><!--marker displace.tips..tricks --></a>
Tips &amp; Tricks</H3>

<A name="446500"><!-- 446500 --></A>
<P>Here is some additional information. Sometimes it's hard to create the kind of map you want, for example when you only want to displace part of your image. When you experiment with different maps, you'll often want to darken/lighten them, but this will inevitably alter the "medium gray" value. The perfect 0 will be transformed to something which will displace your image. The way to come around this problem is to make the static parts of your map <EM>transparent</EM>, because fully transparent pixels are considered to have a value of 0. Black pixels which are (almost) transparent are considered to have a value of a bit under 0, or somewhere around (-5). The same goes for semi-transparent white pixels, but they will get a positive value around (+5), so <EM>Alpha values </EM>should play a very important part in your map making. </P>

<A name="446914"><!-- 446914 --></A>
<P>

<A name="446915"><!-- 446915 --></A>
<P>

<A name="446104"><!-- 446104 --></A>

<A name="446554"><!-- 446554 --></A>

<A name="446555"><!-- 446555 --></A>

<A name="446556"><!-- 446556 --></A>
<H3><a NAME="displace.black"><!--marker displace.black --></a>
<a NAME="displace.smear"><!--marker displace.smear --></a>
<a NAME="displace.wrap"><!--marker displace.wrap --></a>
What's the difference between Black, Smear and Wrap? </H3>

<A name="446105"><!-- 446105 --></A>
<P>Say that you're using a white map, a displace value of 50, and that you only want to displace in the X direction. When the image is displaced 50 pixels to the left, there will be 50 pixels missing at the right side of the image. If you check <EM>Black</EM>, a black color will fill this part for you. If you press <EM>Smear</EM>, those 50 pixels will be stretched from the right part of the image (pic X). If you press <EM>Wrap</EM>, the 50 pixels you pushed out of the frame at the left side, will appear at the right side of the image to cover for the missing pixels.<BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-8.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [8]">
 </P>

<A name="446112"><!-- 446112 --></A>
<H3>More calculations</H3>

<A name="446501"><!-- 446501 --></A>
<P><EM>How to calculate where a pixel will end up</EM>: Let's choose a pixel which is positioned at 50(x)and 50(y) in the image coordinate system.We go to our <EM>maps</EM> and check the <EM>Intensity</EM> value of the equivalent pixel in that position. In this case we presume that the Intensity value we got from map X (the horizontal displacement map), was 230, which means (230 -128)= 102 in the displacement range. Map Y (the vertical displacement map) had an Intensity value of 55, which means (55-128) = (-73) in the displacement range. We also choose a displacement value of 50 for X, and 30 for Y. If we put these values in our algoritm. </P>

<A name="446113"><!-- 446113 --></A>

<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>(102*50)/128=39.84 which is the displacement of map X (the pixel will displace 40 pixels to the left)<!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446114"><!-- 446114 --></A>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI>(-73*30)/128=-17.11 which is the displacement of map Y (the pixel will displace 17 pixels downwards) <!--L1Bullet--></LI>

<A name="446115"><!-- 446115 --></A>

</UL>
<P>These calculations tell us that our pixel will end up at x=10 and y=67, i.e. the pixel will be moved a bit closer to the bottom left corner. </P>

<A name="446228"><!-- 446228 --></A>

<A name="446557"><!-- 446557 --></A>

<A name="446558"><!-- 446558 --></A>
<H2><a NAME="filters.fractal.trace"><!--marker filters.fractal.trace --></a>
<a NAME="fractal.trace"><!--marker fractal.trace --></a>
Fractal Trace</H2>

<A name="446232"><!-- 446232 --></A>
<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-9.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [9]">
Fractal Trace distorts your image using a <EM>Mandelbrot</EM> fractal. It does it in an unusual way by mapping your image to the fractal (see picture). There are five parameters that control the mandelbrot fractal. For a better understanding of the parameters, read about the <EM>Mandelbrot Fractal filter </EM>in the <EM>Render</EM> menu. <EM>Outside Type</EM> lets you choose between four different backgrounds (as in the Displace filter).</P>

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<H2><a NAME="filters.illusion"><!--marker filters.illusion --></a>
<a NAME="illusion"><!--marker illusion --></a>
Illusion</H2>

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<P><EM><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-10.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [10]">
Illusion</EM> duplicates your image X times, and puts them in a ring around the centre of the original image. The surrounding images are superimposed on the original, so it looks a bit blurry or ghostlike. The only option in this filter is how many (X) copies you want to apply to your image. Another word for this filter is <EM>kaleidoscope</EM> which is a quite accurate description of what it does.</P>

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<H2><a NAME="make.seamless"><!--marker make.seamless --></a>
<a NAME="filters.make.seamless"><!--marker filters.make.seamless --></a>
Make Seamless</H2>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-11.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [11]">
This plug-in prepares an image for <EM>tiling</EM> by creating <EM>seamless</EM> edges. This filter does away with all those ugly edges, and it's an easy way to create good-looking patterns. </P>

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<P>If you want to create a <EM>seamless pattern</EM> as a background for your desktop or in a webpage, this is (often) the best tool to use. Note that the centre of the original image will constitute the only focused part of the new image. Mirrors of the original image are placed in the centre and in all four corners of the Seamless image, and those mirrors blend together at the edges, causing it to look a bit blurred or double-exposed in those areas. </P>

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<P>If an important part of your image (like a face) is somewhere else than in the middle, you may have to do some correction work by copying parts of the original image, and pasting them into the seamless image. If you feel that the result of this filter is to soft or blurred, try to correct your image with the Offset plug-in in the Image menu.</P>

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<H2><a NAME="map.object"><!--marker map.object --></a>
<a NAME="filters.map.object"><!--marker filters.map.object --></a>
Map Object</H2>

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<P>This filter will <EM>map</EM> your image to a <EM>sphere</EM> or a <EM>plane</EM>. You can also set different l<EM>ighting effects</EM> on the mapping object to make it even more convincing. You can even set how different "materials" will appear in your sphere or plane. This is a very nice plug-in for creating 3D-effects in Gimp. You can for example create a perfect football (soccer, not american). There are of course many more applications for this excellent plug-in, the only limit is your imagination. </P>

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<H3>Main interface </H3>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-12.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [12]">
In the main interface there is a <EM>preview</EM> window and a tab folder for <EM>Options</EM>, <EM>Light</EM>, <EM>Material</EM> and <EM>Orientation</EM>. To look at what you're doing, you must first press the Preview button (there's no auto-preview because that would slow things down). </P>

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<P>A hint is to use <EM>Show preview wireframe</EM>, then your object will preview as a wireframe, and you can follow what you are doing in real time. Whenever you need to take a good look, just press <EM>Preview</EM>. You can also <EM>zoom</EM> the preview by pressing <EM>+</EM> or <EM>-</EM>. </P>

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<P>

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<H4>Options</H4>

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<P>You can choose to map to a <EM>plane</EM>, or to a <EM>sphere</EM>. Checking <EM>Transparent background</EM> results in a transparent surrounding. </P>

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<P><EM>Tile Source Image</EM> means that the plane or sphere will be repeated or tiled, where it would otherwise end. For example if you map to a plane and this plane is tilted in some direction, there will be a lot of space around the output image. Instead of having this space filled by a background color or transparency, the plane will tile itself where it ends (see pic X). </P>

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<P><EM>Create new image</EM> preserves the original image, instead it creates a duplicate image where the filter takes effect. </P>

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<P><EM>Enable tooltips</EM> is a nice option. When you get to know the filter and already know what the tooltips say, you can disable the tooltips messages by unchecking this option. </P>

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<P>The<EM> Antialiasing</EM> option enables you to turn antialiasing on or off, but we recommend to use it, otherwise the images will look very jagged and ugly (there can of course be moments when a non-antialiased image can be useful). <EM>Depth</EM> refers to the amount of antialiasing, the higher the value, the better the antialiasing, but it will also be conceivably slower. <EM>Threshold</EM> determines the limit of antialiasing, the process is interrupted when the difference between pixels is lower than the value in the input field. </P>

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<H3>Light </H3>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-13.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [13]">
You can set the <EM>type</EM> of <EM>light</EM>, the <EM>light color</EM> and the <EM>position</EM> of the light source, and if you have chosen <EM>Directional Light</EM>, you can also set the <EM>angle</EM> of the light source. </P>

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<P><EM>Point light</EM> is a sort of spotlight which shines straight onto your image. </P>

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<P><EM>Directional Light</EM> is a softer point light (more like a normal lamp in the ceiling). </P>

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<P>To set the color of the light, simply press <EM>Lightsource Color</EM>. </P>

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<P>

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<P><EM>Position for pointlight</EM>: There are three coordinates; X,Y and Z. The X -coordinate moves horizontally from -0.5 to 1.5, where -0.5 is the left-hand position, and 1.5 is the right-hand one. The same goes for Y; -0.5 is at the top and 1.5 is at the bottom. Z is the depth of the light, where 0 would be the flat surface of the computer monitor. There is no upper limit for this coordinate, but if you exceed a value of 5, a little <EM>blue dot</EM> shows up on the image. You can grab this dot with the cursor and change the position of the light source by dragging (there are no limits for X and Y either - the values are only recommendations from our side). </P>

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<H3>Materials</H3>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-14.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [14]">
You can control different materials' <EM>Intensity</EM> and <EM>Reflectiveness</EM>. The little spheres represent the properties of the material. </P>

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<P>Low values makes the "material" look like the left sphere and high values makes it look like the sphere to the right. We have found the following values to be good max/min values: </P>

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<H4>Intensity </H4>

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<UL>
<!--L1Bullet--><LI><EM>Ambient</EM>, which is the amount of the original color to show where no light falls (0.1 -&gt; 3.0), <EM>Diffuse</EM>: the intensity of the original color where no light falls (0.5 -&gt; 3.0). <!--L1Bullet--></LI>

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</UL>
<H4>Reflection</H4>

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<P><EM>Diffuse</EM>: which is the amount of light the dark/soft/plastic parts of the image will reflect. Naturally a dark/plastic part will reflect little light in real life, so don't set this value to high if you want your image to look good. (0.2 -&gt; 0.9) with a nice value around 0.5. </P>

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<P><EM>Specular</EM>: which is the amount of light the gloss/metallic parts of the image will reflect, (0.4 -&gt; 0.6).</P>

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<P><EM>Highlight</EM>: this is how much of your image that is considered glossy. Higher values will make the image highlights more focused, and lower values will make it overall lighter, and more unfocused in the highlight parts. (15 -&gt; 50) but around (20 -&gt; 30)is the best. </P>

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<H3>Orientation</H3>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-15.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [15]">
The best way to understand this folder is to bring up the <EM>wireframe</EM> <EM>preview,</EM> and play around. It will take you less than a minute to learn it. </P>

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<P><EM>X,Y,Z</EM> pos. moves the drawable, just like <EM>Offset</EM> in the <EM>Image menu</EM>. The option name stands for the position of the centre of the image. </P>

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<P>The default centre value of the <EM>X-</EM> and <EM>Y</EM> directions is 0.5. </P>

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<P>For the <EM>Z-</EM>direction, 0 is the centre value (1 is maximal zoom, and negative values is "away from you") there is no limit for the negative scale (but for values under -60 you will probably not see anything). </P>

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<P><EM>XY</EM> controls the <EM>Y</EM> rotation around the <EM>Z</EM> axle, <EM>YZ</EM> controls the <EM>Z</EM> rotation around the <EM>Y</EM> axle and <EM>XZ</EM> controls the <EM>Z</EM> rotation around the <EM>X</EM> axle.</P>

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<P> <BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-16.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [16]">
</P>

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<H2><a NAME="filters.paper.tile"><!--marker filters.paper.tile --></a>
<a NAME="paper.tile"><!--marker paper.tile --></a>
Paper Tile</H2>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-17.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [17]">
<EM>Paper Tile</EM> makes your image look like it had been cut into small paper tiles, and then put together in a rather sloppy way, so that a variable gap is formed between each paper tile. This filter is easy to use, and there are only a few options. You set the <EM>size</EM> and <EM>shape</EM> of the tiles (in pixels) with the width and height slide bars. <EM>Slide</EM> determines the size of the largest gap (also measured in pixels), and you can choose between a black or white background.</P>

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<H2><a NAME="filters.small.tile"><!--marker filters.small.tile --></a>
<a NAME="small.tile"><!--marker small.tile --></a>
<a NAME="tile.small"><!--marker tile.small --></a>
Small tiles</H2>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-18.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [18]">
The function of this filter is the same as in <EM>Tile</EM>, but it tiles the image within its original size, so the tiled pictures will get smaller. </P>

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<P>You can set how many segments/tiles you want with the <EM>Segment</EM> slide. </P>

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<P>You can also <EM>flip</EM> tiles both vertically and horizontally. You can flip a single tile with <EM>Explicit</EM> <EM>tile</EM>, but you have to press <EM>Apply</EM> to execute the flip. You can also flip every odd tile (counting from the left) with <EM>Alternate tiles</EM>. If you check <EM>All tiles</EM> the flip will affect all tiles. </P>

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<P>If you have an <EM>Alpha channel</EM> in your image, you can also set the opacity of your tile.</P>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-19.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [19]">
 </P>

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<H2><a NAME="filters.tile"><!--marker filters.tile --></a>
<a NAME="tile"><!--marker tile --></a>
Tile</H2>

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<P><BR><IMG SRC="Plugin_map-image-20.jpeg" ALT="Extracted pic [20]">
This plug-in <EM>tiles</EM> your image according to the size you set <EM>(the new size must be larger than the old for this to work)</EM>. </P>

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<P>It is wise to check<EM> New Image</EM>, because this spares the original image. Instead it creates a new, tiled image. </P>

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<P>An example may clarify how it works: Say that you have a 287x425 pixel image. If you set the new size to 574x850 you will get four original images in the new image. If you don't make sure that the new image matches the old one, the result may look like the image above.You can choose <EM>Constrain Ratio</EM> which will make it easier to make "cleanly" tiled images. </P>

<P><HR>

<EM>Generated by <STRONG>fmtoweb (v. 2.9c)</STRONG> written by Peter G. Martin <a href="mailto:peterm@zeta.org.au">&lt;peterm@zeta.org.au&gt;</a> Last modified: 19 May 1998</EM><P>
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