File: shunit2.html

package info (click to toggle)
git-ftp 0.7.4%2Bgit20120528-1
links: PTS, VCS
area: main
in suites: wheezy
size: 512 kB
sloc: sh: 2,383; makefile: 86
file content (880 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 35,368 bytes
parent folder | download | duplicates (6)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.6: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
<title>shUnit2 2.1.x Documentation</title>
<style type="text/css">

/*
:Author: David Goodger
:Contact: goodger@users.sourceforge.net
:Date: $Date: 2007-04-11 11:48:16 +0100 (Wed, 11 Apr 2007) $
:Revision: $Revision: 2791 $
:Copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
:Modified by: Kate Ward <kate.ward@forestent.com>

Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.

See http://docutils.sf.net/docs/howto/html-stylesheets.html for how to
customize this style sheet.
*/

/* used to remove borders from tables and images */
.borderless, table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
  border: 0 }

table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
  /* Override padding for "table.docutils td" with "! important".
     The right padding separates the table cells. */
  padding: 0 0.5em 0 0 ! important }

.first {
  /* Override more specific margin styles with "! important". */
  margin-top: 0 ! important }

.last, .with-subtitle {
  margin-bottom: 0 ! important }

.hidden {
  display: none }

a.toc-backref {
  text-decoration: none ;
  color: black }

blockquote.epigraph {
  margin: 2em 5em ; }

dl.docutils dd {
  margin-bottom: 0.5em }

/* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get bold-faced definition list terms
dl.docutils dt {
  font-weight: bold }
*/

div.abstract {
  margin: 2em 5em }

div.abstract p.topic-title {
  font-weight: bold ;
  text-align: center }

div.admonition, div.attention, div.caution, div.danger, div.error,
div.hint, div.important, div.note, div.tip, div.warning {
  margin: 2em ;
  border: medium outset ;
  padding: 1em }

div.admonition p.admonition-title, div.hint p.admonition-title,
div.important p.admonition-title, div.note p.admonition-title,
div.tip p.admonition-title {
  font-weight: bold ;
  font-family: sans-serif }

div.attention p.admonition-title, div.caution p.admonition-title,
div.danger p.admonition-title, div.error p.admonition-title,
div.warning p.admonition-title {
  color: red ;
  font-weight: bold ;
  font-family: sans-serif }

/* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get reduced vertical space in
   compound paragraphs.
div.compound .compound-first, div.compound .compound-middle {
  margin-bottom: 0.5em }

div.compound .compound-last, div.compound .compound-middle {
  margin-top: 0.5em }
*/

div.dedication {
  margin: 2em 5em ;
  text-align: center ;
  font-style: italic }

div.dedication p.topic-title {
  font-weight: bold ;
  font-style: normal }

div.figure {
  margin-left: 2em ;
  margin-right: 2em }

div.footer, div.header {
  clear: both;
  font-size: smaller }

div.line-block {
  display: block ;
  margin-top: 1em ;
  margin-bottom: 1em }

div.line-block div.line-block {
  margin-top: 0 ;
  margin-bottom: 0 ;
  margin-left: 1.5em }

div.sidebar {
  margin-left: 1em ;
  border: medium outset ;
  padding: 1em ;
  background-color: #ffffee ;
  width: 40% ;
  float: right ;
  clear: right }

div.sidebar p.rubric {
  font-family: sans-serif ;
  font-size: medium }

div.system-messages {
  margin: 5em }

div.system-messages h1 {
  color: red }

div.system-message {
  border: medium outset ;
  padding: 1em }

div.system-message p.system-message-title {
  color: red ;
  font-weight: bold }

div.topic {
  margin: 2em }

h1.section-subtitle, h2.section-subtitle, h3.section-subtitle,
h4.section-subtitle, h5.section-subtitle, h6.section-subtitle {
  margin-top: 0.4em }

h1.title {
  text-align: center }

h2.subtitle {
  text-align: center }

hr.docutils {
  width: 75% }

img.align-left {
  clear: left }

img.align-right {
  clear: right }

ol.simple, ul.simple {
  margin-bottom: 1em }

ol.arabic {
  list-style: decimal }

ol.loweralpha {
  list-style: lower-alpha }

ol.upperalpha {
  list-style: upper-alpha }

ol.lowerroman {
  list-style: lower-roman }

ol.upperroman {
  list-style: upper-roman }

p.attribution {
  text-align: right ;
  margin-left: 50% }

p.caption {
  font-style: italic }

p.credits {
  font-style: italic ;
  font-size: smaller }

p.label {
  white-space: nowrap }

p.rubric {
  font-weight: bold ;
  font-size: larger ;
  color: maroon ;
  text-align: center }

p.sidebar-title {
  font-family: sans-serif ;
  font-weight: bold ;
  font-size: larger }

p.sidebar-subtitle {
  font-family: sans-serif ;
  font-weight: bold }

p.topic-title {
  font-weight: bold }

pre.address {
  margin-bottom: 0 ;
  margin-top: 0 ;
  font-family: serif ;
  font-size: 100% }

pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block {
  margin-left: 2em ;
  margin-right: 2em ;
  background-color: #eeeeee }

span.classifier {
  font-family: sans-serif ;
  font-style: oblique }

span.classifier-delimiter {
  font-family: sans-serif ;
  font-weight: bold }

span.interpreted {
  font-family: sans-serif }

span.option {
  white-space: nowrap }

span.pre {
  white-space: pre }

span.problematic {
  color: red }

span.section-subtitle {
  /* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
  font-size: 80% }

table.citation {
  border-left: solid 1px gray;
  margin-left: 1px }

table.docinfo {
  margin: 2em 4em }

/*
table.docutils {
  margin-top: 0.5em ;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em }
*/

table.footnote {
  border-left: solid 1px black;
  margin-left: 1px ;
  font-size: 80% }
  }

table.docutils td, table.docutils th,
table.docinfo td, table.docinfo th {
  padding-left: 0.5em ;
  padding-right: 0.5em ;
  vertical-align: top }

table.docutils th.field-name, table.docinfo th.docinfo-name {
  font-weight: bold ;
  text-align: left ;
  white-space: nowrap ;
  padding-left: 0 }

h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils,
h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils {
  font-size: 100% }

/*
tt.docutils {
  background-color: #eeeeee }
*/

ul.auto-toc {
  list-style-type: none }

/* customizations by kward */

h1 { font-size: 133%; border-top:1px solid #CCCCFF; }
h1.title { font-size: 150%; border-top:0px; padding-top: 1em; }
/* div.document { font-size: 90% } */

</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="document" id="shunit2-2-1-x-documentation">
<h1 class="title">shUnit2 2.1.x Documentation</h1>

<div class="section" id="abstract">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Abstract</a></h1>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://shunit2.googlecode.com/">shUnit2</a> is a <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUnit">xUnit</a> unit test framework for Bourne based shell scripts, and it
is designed to work in a similar manner to <a class="reference external" href="http://www.junit.org/">JUnit</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/">PyUnit</a>, etc.. If you have
ever had the desire to write a unit test for a shell script, shUnit2 can do the
job.</p>
<div class="contents topic" id="table-of-contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Table of Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abstract" id="id1">Abstract</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction" id="id2">Introduction</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#credits-contributors" id="id3">Credits / Contributors</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#feedback" id="id4">Feedback</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#quickstart" id="id5">Quickstart</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#function-reference" id="id6">Function Reference</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-info" id="id7">General Info</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#asserts" id="id8">Asserts</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#failures" id="id9">Failures</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setup-teardown" id="id10">Setup/Teardown</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#skipping" id="id11">Skipping</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#suites" id="id12">Suites</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-usage" id="id13">Advanced Usage</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#some-constants-you-can-use" id="id14">Some constants you can use</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#error-handling" id="id15">Error handling</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#including-line-numbers-in-asserts-macros" id="id16">Including Line Numbers in Asserts (Macros)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#test-skipping" id="id17">Test Skipping</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#appendix" id="id18">Appendix</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#getting-help" id="id19">Getting help</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#zsh" id="id20">Zsh</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Introduction</a></h1>
<p>shUnit2 was originally developed to provide a consistent testing solution for
<a class="reference external" href="http://log4sh.sourceforge.net/">log4sh</a>, a shell based logging framework similar to <a class="reference external" href="http://logging.apache.org/">log4j</a>. During the
development of that product, a repeated problem of having things work just fine
under one shell (<tt class="docutils literal">/bin/bash</tt> on Linux to be specific), and then not working
under another shell (<tt class="docutils literal">/bin/sh</tt> on Solaris) kept coming up. Although several
simple tests were run, they were not adequate and did not catch some corner
cases. The decision was finally made to write a proper unit test framework after
multiple brown-bag releases were made. <em>Research was done to look for an
existing product that met the testing requirements, but no adequate product was
found.</em></p>
<p>Tested Operating Systems (varies over time)</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Cygwin</li>
<li>FreeBSD (user supported)</li>
<li>Linux (Gentoo, Ubuntu)</li>
<li>Mac OS X</li>
<li>Solaris 8, 9, 10 (inc. OpenSolaris)</li>
</ul>
<p>Tested Shells</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Bourne Shell (<strong>sh</strong>)</li>
<li>BASH - GNU Bourne Again SHell (<strong>bash</strong>)</li>
<li>DASH (<strong>dash</strong>)</li>
<li>Korn Shell (<strong>ksh</strong>)</li>
<li>pdksh - Public Domain Korn Shell (<strong>pdksh</strong>)</li>
<li>zsh - Zsh (<strong>zsh</strong>) (since 2.1.2) <em>please see the Zsh shell errata for more
information</em></li>
</ul>
<p>See the appropriate Release Notes for this release
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">doc/RELEASE_NOTES-X.X.X.txt</span></tt>) for the list of actual versions tested.</p>
<div class="section" id="credits-contributors">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Credits / Contributors</a></h2>
<p>A list of contributors to shUnit2 can be found in the source archive in
<tt class="docutils literal">doc/contributors.txt</tt>. Many thanks go out to all those who have contributed
to make this a better tool.</p>
<p>shUnit2 is the original product of many hours of work by Kate Ward, the primary
author of the code. For other products by her, look up <a class="reference external" href="http://log4sh.sourceforge.net/">log4sh</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://shflags.googlecode.com/">shFlags</a>, or
visit her website at <a class="reference external" href="http://forestent.com/">http://forestent.com/</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="feedback">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Feedback</a></h2>
<p>Feedback is most certainly welcome for this document. Send your additions,
comments and criticisms to the <a class="reference external" href="mailto:shunit2-users&#64;google.com">shunit2-users&#64;google.com</a> mailing list.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="quickstart">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Quickstart</a></h1>
<p>This section will give a very quick start to running unit tests with shUnit2.
More information is located in later sections.</p>
<p>Here is a quick sample script to show how easy it is to write a unit test in
shell. <em>Note: the script as it stands expects that you are running it from the
``examples`` directory.</em></p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#! /bin/sh
# file: examples/equality_test.sh

testEquality()
{
  assertEquals 1 1
}

# load shunit2
. ../src/shell/shunit2
</pre>
<p>Running the unit test should give results similar to the following.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
testEquality

Ran 1 test.

OK
</pre>
<p>W00t! You've just run your first successful unit test. So, what just happened?
Quite a bit really, and it all happened simply by sourcing the <tt class="docutils literal">shunit2</tt>
library. The basic functionality for the script above goes like this:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>When shUnit2 is sourced, it will walk through any functions defined whose
namestart with the string <tt class="docutils literal">test</tt> and add those to an internal list of tests
to execute. Once a list of test functions to be run has been determined,
shunit2 will go to work.</li>
<li>Before any tests are executed, shUnit2 again looks for a function, this time
one named <tt class="docutils literal">oneTimeSetUp()</tt>. If it exists, it will be run. This function is
normally used to setup the environment for all tests to be run. Things like
creating directories for output or setting environment variables are good to
place here. Just so you know, you can also declare a corresponding function
named <tt class="docutils literal">oneTimeTearDown()</tt> function that does the same thing, but once all
the tests have been completed. It is good for removing temporary directories,
etc.</li>
<li>shUnit2 is now ready to run tests. Before doing so though, it again looks for
another function that might be declared, one named <tt class="docutils literal">setUp()</tt>. If the
function exists, it will be run before each test. It is good for resetting the
environment so that each test starts with a clean slate. At this stage, the
first test is finally run. The success of the test is recorded for a report
that will be generated later. After the test is run, shUnit2 looks for a final
function that might be declared, one named <tt class="docutils literal">tearDown()</tt>. If it exists, it
will be run after each test. It is a good place for cleaning up after each
test, maybe doing things like removing files that were created, or removing
directories. This set of steps, <tt class="docutils literal">setUp()</tt> &gt; <tt class="docutils literal">test()</tt> &gt; <tt class="docutils literal">tearDown()</tt>, is
repeated for all of the available tests.</li>
<li>Once all the work is done, shUnit2 will generate the nice report you saw
above. A summary of all the successes and failures will be given so that you
know how well your code is doing.</li>
</ul>
<p>We should now try adding a test that fails. Change your unit test to look like
this.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#! /bin/sh
# file: examples/party_test.sh

testEquality()
{
  assertEquals 1 1
}

testPartyLikeItIs1999()
{
  year=`date '+%Y'`
  assertEquals &quot;It's not 1999 :-(&quot; \
      '1999' &quot;${year}&quot;
}

# load shunit2
. ../src/shell/shunit2
</pre>
<p>So, what did you get? I guess it told you that this isn't 1999. Bummer, eh?
Hopefully, you noticed a couple of things that were different about the second
test. First, we added an optional message that the user will see if the assert
fails. Second, we did comparisons of strings instead of integers as in the first
test. It doesn't matter whether you are testing for equality of strings or
integers. Both work equally well with shUnit2.</p>
<p>Hopefully, this is enough to get you started with unit testing. If you want a
ton more examples, take a look at the tests provided with <a class="reference external" href="http://log4sh.sourceforge.net/">log4sh</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://shflags.googlecode.com/">shFlags</a>.
Both provide excellent examples of more advanced usage. shUnit2 was after all
written to help with the unit testing problems that <a class="reference external" href="http://log4sh.sourceforge.net/">log4sh</a> had.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="function-reference">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Function Reference</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="general-info">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">General Info</a></h2>
<p>Any string values passed should be properly quoted -- they should must be
surrounded by single-quote (') or double-quote (&quot;) characters -- so that the
shell will properly parse them.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="asserts">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Asserts</a></h2>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertEquals [message] expected actual</tt></dt>
<dd>Asserts that <em>expected</em> and <em>actual</em> are equal to one another. The <em>expected</em>
and <em>actual</em> values can be either strings or integer values as both will be
treated as strings. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertNotEquals [message] expected actual</tt></dt>
<dd>Asserts that <em>unexpected</em> and <em>actual</em> are not equal to one another. The
<em>unexpected</em> and <em>actual</em> values can be either strings or integer values as
both will be treaded as strings. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be
quoted.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertSame [message] expected actual</tt></dt>
<dd>This function is functionally equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">assertEquals</tt>.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertNotSame [message] unexpected actual</tt></dt>
<dd>This function is functionally equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">assertNotEquals</tt>.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertNull [message] value</tt></dt>
<dd>Asserts that <em>value</em> is <em>null</em>, or in shell terms, a zero-length string. The
<em>value</em> must be a string as an integer value does not translate into a
zero-length string. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertNotNull [message] value</tt></dt>
<dd>Asserts that <em>value</em> is <em>not null</em>, or in shell terms, a non-empty string. The
<em>value</em> may be a string or an integer as the later will be parsed as a
non-empty string value. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertTrue [message] condition</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Asserts that a given shell test <em>condition</em> is <em>true</em>. The condition can be as
simple as a shell <em>true</em> value (the value <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> -- equivalent to
<tt class="docutils literal">${SHUNIT_TRUE}</tt>), or a more sophisticated shell conditional expression. The
<em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</p>
<p>A sophisticated shell conditional expression is equivalent to what the <strong>if</strong>
or <strong>while</strong> shell built-ins would use (more specifically, what the <strong>test</strong>
command would use). Testing for example whether some value is greater than
another value can be done this way.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
assertTrue &quot;[ 34 -gt 23 ]&quot;
</pre>
<p>Testing for the ability to read a file can also be done. This particular test
will fail.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
assertTrue 'test failed' &quot;[ -r /some/non-existant/file' ]&quot;
</pre>
<p>As the expressions are standard shell <strong>test</strong> expressions, it is possible to
string multiple expressions together with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-a</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-o</span></tt> in the standard
fashion. This test will succeed as the entire expression evaluates to <em>true</em>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
assertTrue 'test failed' '[ 1 -eq 1 -a 2 -eq 2 ]'
</pre>
<p class="last"><em>One word of warning: be very careful with your quoting as shell is not the
most forgiving of bad quoting, and things will fail in strange ways.</em></p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">assertFalse [message] condition</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Asserts that a given shell test <em>condition</em> is <em>false</em>. The condition can be
as simple as a shell <em>false</em> value (the value <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> -- equivalent to
<tt class="docutils literal">${SHUNIT_FALSE}</tt>), or a more sophisticated shell conditional expression.
The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</p>
<p class="last"><em>For examples of more sophisticated expressions, see ``assertTrue``.</em></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="failures">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Failures</a></h2>
<p>Just to clarify, failures <strong>do not</strong> test the various arguments against one
another. Failures simply fail, optionally with a message, and that is all they
do. If you need to test arguments against one another, use asserts.</p>
<p>If all failures do is fail, why might one use them? There are times when you may
have some very complicated logic that you need to test, and the simple asserts
provided are simply not adequate. You can do your own validation of the code,
use an <tt class="docutils literal">assertTrue ${SHUNIT_TRUE}</tt> if your own tests succeeded, and use a
failure to record a failure.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">fail [message]</tt></dt>
<dd>Fails the test immediately. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">failNotEquals [message] unexpected actual</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Fails the test immediately, reporting that the <em>unexpected</em> and <em>actual</em>
values are not equal to one another. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be
quoted.</p>
<p class="last"><em>Note: no actual comparison of unexpected and actual is done.</em></p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">failSame [message] expected actual</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Fails the test immediately, reporting that the <em>expected</em> and <em>actual</em> values
are the same. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</p>
<p class="last"><em>Note: no actual comparison of expected and actual is done.</em></p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">failNotSame [message] expected actual</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Fails the test immediately, reporting that the <em>expected</em> and <em>actual</em> values
are not the same. The <em>message</em> is optional, and must be quoted.</p>
<p class="last"><em>Note: no actual comparison of expected and actual is done.</em></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="setup-teardown">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Setup/Teardown</a></h2>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">oneTimeSetUp</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This function can be be optionally overridden by the user in their test suite.</p>
<p class="last">If this function exists, it will be called once before any tests are run. It
is useful to prepare a common environment for all tests.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">oneTimeTearDown</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This function can be be optionally overridden by the user in their test suite.</p>
<p class="last">If this function exists, it will be called once after all tests are completed.
It is useful to clean up the environment after all tests.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">setUp</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This function can be be optionally overridden by the user in their test suite.</p>
<p class="last">If this function exists, it will be called before each test is run. It is
useful to reset the environment before each test.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">tearDown</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This function can be be optionally overridden by the user in their test suite.</p>
<p class="last">If this function exists, it will be called after each test completes. It is
useful to clean up the environment after each test.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="skipping">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Skipping</a></h2>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">startSkipping</tt></dt>
<dd>This function forces the remaining <em>assert</em> and <em>fail</em> functions to be
&quot;skipped&quot;, i.e. they will have no effect. Each function skipped will be
recorded so that the total of asserts and fails will not be altered.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">endSkipping</tt></dt>
<dd>This function returns calls to the <em>assert</em> and <em>fail</em> functions to their
default behavior, i.e. they will be called.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">isSkipping</tt></dt>
<dd>This function returns the current state of skipping. It can be compared
against <tt class="docutils literal">${SHUNIT_TRUE}</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">${SHUNIT_FALSE}</tt> if desired.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="suites">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Suites</a></h2>
<p>The default behavior of shUnit2 is that all tests will be found dynamically. If
you have a specific set of tests you want to run, or you don't want to use the
standard naming scheme of prefixing your tests with <tt class="docutils literal">test</tt>, these functions
are for you. Most users will never use them though.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">suite</tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This function can be optionally overridden by the user in their test suite.</p>
<p class="last">If this function exists, it will be called when <tt class="docutils literal">shunit2</tt> is sourced. If it
does not exist, shUnit2 will search the parent script for all functions
beginning with the word <tt class="docutils literal">test</tt>, and they will be added dynamically to the
test suite.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal">suite_addTest name</tt></dt>
<dd>This function adds a function named <em>name</em> to the list of tests scheduled for
execution as part of this test suite. This function should only be called from
within the <tt class="docutils literal">suite()</tt> function.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="advanced-usage">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Advanced Usage</a></h1>
<p>This section covers several advanced usage topics.</p>
<div class="section" id="some-constants-you-can-use">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">Some constants you can use</a></h2>
<p>There are several constants provided by shUnit2 as variables that might be of
use to you.</p>
<p>Predefined</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="23%" />
<col width="77%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_VERSION</tt></td>
<td>The version of shUnit2 you are running.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_TRUE</tt></td>
<td>Standard shell <em>true</em> value (the integer value 0).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_FALSE</tt></td>
<td>Standard shell <em>false</em> value (the integer value 1).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_ERROR</tt></td>
<td>The integer value 2.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_TMPDIR</tt></td>
<td>Path to temporary directory that will be automatically
cleaned up upon exit of shUnit2.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>User defined</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="23%" />
<col width="77%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_PARENT</tt></td>
<td>The filename of the shell script containing the tests. This
is needed specifically for Zsh support.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="error-handling">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">Error handling</a></h2>
<p>The constants values <tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_TRUE</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_FALSE</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_ERROR</tt> are
returned from nearly every function to indicate the success or failure of the
function. Additionally the variable <tt class="docutils literal">flags_error</tt> is filled with a detailed
error message if any function returns with a <tt class="docutils literal">SHUNIT_ERROR</tt> value.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="including-line-numbers-in-asserts-macros">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">Including Line Numbers in Asserts (Macros)</a></h2>
<p>If you include lots of assert statements in an individual test function, it can
become difficult to determine exactly which assert was thrown unless your
messages are unique. To help somewhat, line numbers can be included in the
assert messages. To enable this, a special shell &quot;macro&quot; must be used rather
than the standard assert calls. <em>Shell doesn't actually have macros; the name is
used here as the operation is similar to a standard macro.</em></p>
<p>For example, to include line numbers for a <tt class="docutils literal">assertEquals()</tt> function call,
replace the <tt class="docutils literal">assertEquals()</tt> with <tt class="docutils literal">${_ASSERT_EQUALS_}</tt>.</p>
<p>Example&nbsp;--&nbsp;Asserts with and without line numbers</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#! /bin/sh
# file: examples/lineno_test.sh

testLineNo()
{
  # this assert will have line numbers included (e.g. &quot;ASSERT:[123] ...&quot;)
  echo &quot;ae: ${_ASSERT_EQUALS_}&quot;
  ${_ASSERT_EQUALS_} 'not equal' 1 2

  # this assert will not have line numbers included (e.g. &quot;ASSERT: ...&quot;)
  assertEquals 'not equal' 1 2
}

# load shunit2
. ../src/shell/shunit2
</pre>
<p>Notes:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Due to how shell parses command-line arguments, all strings used with macros
should be quoted twice. Namely, single-quotes must be converted to
single-double-quotes, and vice-versa. If the string being passed is
absolutely for sure not empty, the extra quoting is not necessary.</p>
<p>Normal <tt class="docutils literal">assertEquals</tt> call.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
assertEquals 'some message' 'x' ''
</pre>
<p>Macro <tt class="docutils literal">_ASSERT_EQUALS_</tt> call. Note the extra quoting around the <em>message</em>
and the <em>null</em> value.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
_ASSERT_EQUALS_ '&quot;some message&quot;' 'x' '&quot;&quot;'
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Line numbers are not supported in all shells. If a shell does not support
them, no errors will be thrown. Supported shells include: <strong>bash</strong> (&gt;=3.0),
<strong>ksh</strong>, <strong>pdksh</strong>, and <strong>zsh</strong>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="test-skipping">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Test Skipping</a></h2>
<p>There are times where the test code you have written is just not applicable to
the system you are running on. This section describes how to skip these tests
but maintain the total test count.</p>
<p>Probably the easiest example would be shell code that is meant to run under the
<strong>bash</strong> shell, but the unit test is running under the Bourne shell. There are
things that just won't work. The following test code demonstrates two sample
functions, one that will be run under any shell, and the another that will run
only under the <strong>bash</strong> shell.</p>
<p>Example&nbsp;-- math include</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# available as examples/math.inc

add_generic()
{
  num_a=$1
  num_b=$2

  expr $1 + $2
}

add_bash()
{
  num_a=$1
  num_b=$2

  echo $(($1 + $2))
}
</pre>
<p>And here is a corresponding unit test that correctly skips the <tt class="docutils literal">add_bash()</tt>
function when the unit test is not running under the <strong>bash</strong> shell.</p>
<p>Example&nbsp;-- math unit test</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#! /bin/sh
# available as examples/math_test.sh

testAdding()
{
  result=`add_generic 1 2`
  assertEquals \
      &quot;the result of '${result}' was wrong&quot; \
      3 &quot;${result}&quot;

  # disable non-generic tests
  [ -z &quot;${BASH_VERSION:-}&quot; ] &amp;&amp; startSkipping

  result=`add_bash 1 2`
  assertEquals \
      &quot;the result of '${result}' was wrong&quot; \
      3 &quot;${result}&quot;
}

oneTimeSetUp()
{
  # load include to test
  . ./math.inc
}

# load and run shUnit2
. ../src/shell/shunit2
</pre>
<p>Running the above test under the <strong>bash</strong> shell will result in the following
output.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$ /bin/bash math_test.sh
testAdding

Ran 1 test.

OK
</pre>
<p>But, running the test under any other Unix shell will result in the following
output.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$ /bin/ksh math_test.sh
testAdding

Ran 1 test.

OK (skipped=1)
</pre>
<p>As you can see, the total number of tests has not changed, but the report
indicates that some tests were skipped.</p>
<p>Skipping can be controlled with the following functions: <tt class="docutils literal">startSkipping()</tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal">stopSkipping()</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">isSkipping()</tt>. Once skipping is enabled, it will
remain enabled until the end of the current test function call, after which
skipping is disabled.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="appendix">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Appendix</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="getting-help">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">Getting help</a></h2>
<p>For help, please send requests to either the <a class="reference external" href="mailto:shunit2-users&#64;googlegroups.com">shunit2-users&#64;googlegroups.com</a>
mailing list (archives available on the web at
<a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/shunit2-users">http://groups.google.com/group/shunit2-users</a>) or directly to
Kate Ward &lt;kate dot ward at forestent dot com&gt;.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="zsh">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">Zsh</a></h2>
<p>For compatibility with Zsh, there is one requirement that must be met -- the
<tt class="docutils literal">shwordsplit</tt> option must be set. There are three ways to accomplish this.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">In the unit-test script, add the following shell code snippet before sourcing
the <tt class="docutils literal">shunit2</tt> library.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
setopt shwordsplit
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">When invoking <strong>zsh</strong> from either the command-line or as a script with
<tt class="docutils literal">#!</tt>, add the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-y</span></tt> parameter.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#! /bin/zsh -y
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">When invoking <strong>zsh</strong> from the command-line, add <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-o</span> shwordsplit <span class="pre">--</span></tt> as
parameters before the script name.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$ zsh -o shwordsplit -- some_script
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<!-- generate HTML using rst2html from Docutils of -->
<!-- http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ -->
<!--  -->
<!-- vim:fileencoding=latin1:ft=rst:spell:sts=2:sw=2:tw=80 -->
<!-- $Revision: 233 $ -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>