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/* Single-precision vector (Advanced SIMD) exp function.
Copyright (C) 2023-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
#include "v_math.h"
static const struct data
{
float32x4_t c1, c3, c4, inv_ln2;
float ln2_hi, ln2_lo, c0, c2;
uint32x4_t exponent_bias, special_offset, special_bias;
#if !WANT_SIMD_EXCEPT
float32x4_t special_bound, scale_thresh;
#endif
} data = {
/* maxerr: 1.45358 +0.5 ulp. */
.c0 = 0x1.0e4020p-7f,
.c1 = V4 (0x1.573e2ep-5f),
.c2 = 0x1.555e66p-3f,
.c3 = V4 (0x1.fffdb6p-2f),
.c4 = V4 (0x1.ffffecp-1f),
.inv_ln2 = V4 (0x1.715476p+0f),
.ln2_hi = 0x1.62e4p-1f,
.ln2_lo = 0x1.7f7d1cp-20f,
.exponent_bias = V4 (0x3f800000),
.special_offset = V4 (0x82000000),
.special_bias = V4 (0x7f000000),
#if !WANT_SIMD_EXCEPT
.special_bound = V4 (126.0f),
.scale_thresh = V4 (192.0f),
#endif
};
#define C(i) d->poly[i]
#if WANT_SIMD_EXCEPT
# define TinyBound v_u32 (0x20000000) /* asuint (0x1p-63). */
# define BigBound v_u32 (0x42800000) /* asuint (0x1p6). */
# define SpecialBound v_u32 (0x22800000) /* BigBound - TinyBound. */
static float32x4_t VPCS_ATTR NOINLINE
special_case (float32x4_t x, float32x4_t y, uint32x4_t cmp)
{
/* If fenv exceptions are to be triggered correctly, fall back to the scalar
routine to special lanes. */
return v_call_f32 (expf, x, y, cmp);
}
#else
static float32x4_t VPCS_ATTR NOINLINE
special_case (float32x4_t poly, float32x4_t n, uint32x4_t e, uint32x4_t cmp1,
float32x4_t scale, const struct data *d)
{
/* 2^n may overflow, break it up into s1*s2. */
uint32x4_t b = vandq_u32 (vclezq_f32 (n), d->special_offset);
float32x4_t s1 = vreinterpretq_f32_u32 (vaddq_u32 (b, d->special_bias));
float32x4_t s2 = vreinterpretq_f32_u32 (vsubq_u32 (e, b));
uint32x4_t cmp2 = vcagtq_f32 (n, d->scale_thresh);
float32x4_t r2 = vmulq_f32 (s1, s1);
// (s2 + p*s2)*s1 = s2(p+1)s1
float32x4_t r1 = vmulq_f32 (vfmaq_f32 (s2, poly, s2), s1);
/* Similar to r1 but avoids double rounding in the subnormal range. */
float32x4_t r0 = vfmaq_f32 (scale, poly, scale);
float32x4_t r = vbslq_f32 (cmp1, r1, r0);
return vbslq_f32 (cmp2, r2, r);
}
#endif
float32x4_t VPCS_ATTR NOINLINE V_NAME_F1 (exp) (float32x4_t x)
{
const struct data *d = ptr_barrier (&data);
float32x4_t ln2_c02 = vld1q_f32 (&d->ln2_hi);
#if WANT_SIMD_EXCEPT
/* asuint(x) - TinyBound >= BigBound - TinyBound. */
uint32x4_t cmp = vcgeq_u32 (
vsubq_u32 (vandq_u32 (vreinterpretq_u32_f32 (x), v_u32 (0x7fffffff)),
TinyBound),
SpecialBound);
float32x4_t xm = x;
/* If any lanes are special, mask them with 1 and retain a copy of x to allow
special case handler to fix special lanes later. This is only necessary if
fenv exceptions are to be triggered correctly. */
if (__glibc_unlikely (v_any_u32 (cmp)))
x = vbslq_f32 (cmp, v_f32 (1), x);
#endif
/* exp(x) = 2^n (1 + poly(r)), with 1 + poly(r) in [1/sqrt(2),sqrt(2)]
x = ln2*n + r, with r in [-ln2/2, ln2/2]. */
float32x4_t n = vrndaq_f32 (vmulq_f32 (x, d->inv_ln2));
float32x4_t r = vfmsq_laneq_f32 (x, n, ln2_c02, 0);
r = vfmsq_laneq_f32 (r, n, ln2_c02, 1);
uint32x4_t e = vshlq_n_u32 (vreinterpretq_u32_s32 (vcvtq_s32_f32 (n)), 23);
float32x4_t scale = vreinterpretq_f32_u32 (vaddq_u32 (e, d->exponent_bias));
#if !WANT_SIMD_EXCEPT
uint32x4_t cmp = vcagtq_f32 (n, d->special_bound);
#endif
float32x4_t r2 = vmulq_f32 (r, r);
float32x4_t p = vfmaq_laneq_f32 (d->c1, r, ln2_c02, 2);
float32x4_t q = vfmaq_laneq_f32 (d->c3, r, ln2_c02, 3);
q = vfmaq_f32 (q, p, r2);
p = vmulq_f32 (d->c4, r);
float32x4_t poly = vfmaq_f32 (p, q, r2);
if (__glibc_unlikely (v_any_u32 (cmp)))
#if WANT_SIMD_EXCEPT
return special_case (xm, vfmaq_f32 (scale, poly, scale), cmp);
#else
return special_case (poly, n, e, cmp, scale, d);
#endif
return vfmaq_f32 (scale, poly, scale);
}
libmvec_hidden_def (V_NAME_F1 (exp))
HALF_WIDTH_ALIAS_F1 (exp)
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