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<TITLE>GNAT User's Guide - Table of Contents</TITLE>
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<H1>GNAT User's Guide</H1>
<H2>GNAT, The GNU Ada 95 Compiler</H2>
<H2>Document revision level Document revision level 1.242 $</H2>
<H2>GNAT Version 3.12p </H2>
<H2>Date: $Date: 1999/06/28 18:09:34 $</H2>
<ADDRESS>Ada Core Technologies, Inc.</ADDRESS>
<P>
<P><HR><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC1">About This Guide</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC2">What This Guide Contains</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC3">What You Should Know Before Reading This Guide</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC4">Related Information</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC5">Conventions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC6">Getting Started With GNAT</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC7">Running GNAT</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC8">Running a Simple Ada Program</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC9">Running a Program With Multiple Units</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC10">Using the <CODE>gnatmake</CODE> Utility</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC11">The GNAT Compilation Model</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC12">Source Representation</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC13">Foreign Language Representation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC14">Latin-1</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC15">Other 8-Bit Codes</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC16">Wide Character Encodings</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC17">File Naming Rules</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC18">Using Other File Names</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC19">Generating Object Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC20">Source Dependencies</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC21">The Ada Library Information Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC22">Representation of Time Stamps</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC23">Binding an Ada Program</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC24">Mixed Language Programming</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC25">Interfacing to C</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC26">Calling Conventions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC27">Building mixed Ada &#38; C++ programs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC28">Interfacing to C++</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC29">Linking a mixed C++ &#38; Ada program</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC30">Adapting the runtime to a new C++ compiler</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC31">Comparison between GNAT and C/C++ Compilation Models</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC32">Comparison between GNAT and Conventional Ada Library Models</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC33">Compiling Using <CODE>gcc</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC34">Compiling Programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC35">Switches for <CODE>gcc</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC36">Output and Error Message Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC37">Debugging and Assertion Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC38">Style Checking</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC39">Run-time Checks</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC40">Using <CODE>gcc</CODE> for Syntax Checking</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC41" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC41">Using <CODE>gcc</CODE> for Semantic Checking</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC42" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC42">Compiling Ada 83 Programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC43" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC43">Reference Manual Style Checking</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC44" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC44">Character Set Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC45" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC45">File Naming Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC46" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC46">Subprogram Inlining Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC47" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC47">Auxiliary Output Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC48" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC48">Debugging Control</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC49" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC49">Search Paths and the Run-Time Library (RTL)</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC50" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC50">Order of Compilation Issues</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC51" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC51">Examples</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC52" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC52">Binding Using <CODE>gnatbind</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC53" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC53">Running <CODE>gnatbind</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC54" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC54">Consistency-Checking Modes</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC55" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC55">Binder Error Message Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC56" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC56">Elaboration Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC57" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC57">Output Control</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC58" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC58">Binding with Non-Ada Main Programs</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC59" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC59">Binding Programs with no Main Subprogram</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC60" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC60">Summary of Binder Switches</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC61" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC61">Command-Line Access</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC62" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC62">Search Paths for <CODE>gnatbind</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC63" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC63">Examples of <CODE>gnatbind</CODE> Usage</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC64" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC64">Linking Using <CODE>gnatlink</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC65" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC65">Running <CODE>gnatlink</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC66" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC66">Switches for <CODE>gnatlink</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC67" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC67">The GNAT Make Program <CODE>gnatmake</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC68" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC68">Running <CODE>gnatmake</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC69" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC69">Switches for <CODE>gnatmake</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC70" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC70">Mode switches for <CODE>gnatmake</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC71" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC71">Notes on the Command Line</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC72" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC72">How <CODE>gnatmake</CODE> Works</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC73" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC73">Examples of <CODE>gnatmake</CODE> Usage</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC74" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC74">Gnatmake in makefiles</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC75" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC75">Renaming Files Using <CODE>gnatchop</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC76" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC76">Handling Files with Multiple Units</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC77" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC77">Operating gnatchop in Compilation Mode</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC78" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC78">Command Line for <CODE>gnatchop</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC79" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC79">Switches for <CODE>gnatchop</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC80" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC80">Examples of <CODE>gnatchop</CODE> Usage</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC81" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC81">Configuration Pragmas</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC82" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC82">Handling of Configuration Pragmas</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC83" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC83">The Configuration Pragmas file</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC84" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC84">Elaboration Order Handling in GNAT</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC85" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC85">Elaboration Code in Ada 95</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC86" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC86">Checking the Elaboration Order in Ada 95</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC87" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC87">Controlling the Elaboration Order in Ada 95</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC88" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC88">Controlling Elaboration in GNAT - Internal Calls</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC89" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC89">Controlling Elaboration in GNAT - External Calls</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC90" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC90">Default Behavior in GNAT - Ensuring Safety</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC91" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC91">What to do if the Default Elaboration Behavior Fails</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC92" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC92">Elaboration for Access-to-Subprogram Values</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC93" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC93">Summary of Procedures for Elaboration Control</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC94" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC94">The cross-referencing tools <CODE>gnatxref</CODE> and <CODE>gnatfind</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC95" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC95">Gnatxref switches</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC96" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC96">Gnatfind switches</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC97" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC97">Project files</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC98" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC98">Regular expressions in gnatfind and gnatxref</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC99" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC99">Examples of <CODE>gnatxref</CODE> usage</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC100" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC100">General usage</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC101" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC101">Using gnatxref with vi</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC102" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC102">Examples of <CODE>gnatfind</CODE> usage</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC103" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC103">File Name Krunching Using <CODE>gnatkr</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC104" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC104">About <CODE>gnatkr</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC105" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC105">Using <CODE>gnatkr</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC106" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC106">Krunching Method</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC107" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC107">Examples of <CODE>gnatkr</CODE> Usage</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC108" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC108">Preprocessing Using <CODE>gnatprep</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC109" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC109">Using <CODE>gnatprep</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC110" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC110">Switches for <CODE>gnatprep</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC111" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC111">Form of definitions file</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC112" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC112">Form of input text for <CODE>gnatprep</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC113" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC113">The GNAT library browser <CODE>gnatls</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC114" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC114">Running <CODE>gnatls</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC115" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC115">Switches for <CODE>gnatls</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC116" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC116">Example of <CODE>gnatls</CODE> Usage</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC117" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC117">Rebuilding the GNAT Library</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC118" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC118">Finding memory problems with <CODE>gnatmem</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC119" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC119">Running <CODE>gnatmem</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC120" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC120">Switches for <CODE>gnatmem</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC121" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC121">Example of <CODE>gnatmem</CODE> Usage</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC122" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC122">Implementation note</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC123" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC123">ASIS-Based Tools</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC124" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC124">The ASIS Implementation for GNAT (ASIS-for-GNAT)</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC125" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC125">Tree Files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC126" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC126">Creating Sample Bodies Using <CODE>gnatstub</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC127" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC127">Running <CODE>gnatstub</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC128" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC128">Switches for <CODE>gnatstub</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC129" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC129">Minimizing Executables for Ada Programs Using <CODE>gnatelim</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC130" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC130">About <CODE>gnatelim</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC131" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC131"><CODE>Eliminate</CODE> pragma</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC132" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC132">Preparing Tree and Bind Files for <CODE>gnatelim</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC133" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC133">Running <CODE>gnatelim</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC134" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC134">Correcting the List of Eliminate Pragmas</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC135" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC135">Making your Executables smaller</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC136" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC136">Summary of the gnatelim Usage Cycle</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC137" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC137">Other Utility Programs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC138" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC138">Using Other Utility Programs With GNAT</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC139" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC139">The <CODE>gnatpsys</CODE> Utility Program</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC140" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC140">The <CODE>gnatpsta</CODE> Utility Program</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC141" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC141">The External Symbol Naming Scheme of GNAT</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC142" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC142">Ada Mode for <CODE>emacs</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC143" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC143">General features:</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC144" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC144">Ada mode features that help understanding code:</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC145" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC145">Emacs support for writing Ada code:</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC146" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC146">Converting Ada files to html using gnathtml</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC147" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC147">Installing gnathtml</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC148" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC148">Running and Debugging Ada Programs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC149" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC149">The GNAT Debugger GDB</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC150" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC150">Running GDB</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC151" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC151">Introduction to GDB Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC152" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC152">Using Ada Expressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC153" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC153">Calling User-Defined Subprograms</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC154" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC154">Breaking on Ada Exceptions</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC155" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC155">Ada Tasks</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC156" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC156">Debugging Generic Units</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC157" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC157">GNAT Abnormal Termination</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC158" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC158">Naming Conventions for GNAT Source Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC159" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC159">Getting Internal Debugging Information</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC160" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC160">Performance Considerations</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC161" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC161">Controlling Run-time Checks</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC162" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC162">Optimization Levels</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC163" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC163">Inlining of Subprograms</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC164" HREF="gnat_ug.html#SEC164">Index</A>
</UL>
<P><HR><P>
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