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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- -*- indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- -->
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY legal SYSTEM "legal.xml">
<!ENTITY appletversion "2.12">
<!ENTITY applet "Command Line">
<!ENTITY mdash "—">
]>
<!--
(Do not remove this comment block.)
Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project
http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gdp
Template version: 2.0 beta
Template last modified Feb 12, 2002
-->
<!-- =============Document Header ============================= -->
<article id="index" lang="sl">
<!-- please do not change the id; for translations, change lang to -->
<!-- appropriate code -->
<articleinfo>
<title lang="en">Command Line Manual</title>
<abstract role="description">
<para lang="en">Command Line allows commands to be run from a panel,
and includes quick access to a file browser and command history.</para>
</abstract>
<copyright lang="en">
<year>2005</year>
<holder>Davyd Madeley</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright lang="en">
<year>2004</year>
<holder>Angela Boyle</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright lang="en">
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year>
<year>2004</year>
<holder>Sun Microsystems</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright lang="en">
<year>1998</year>
<holder>Oliver Maruhn</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright lang="en">
<year>1998</year>
<holder>Dan Mueth</holder>
</copyright>
<!-- translators: uncomment this:
<copyright>
<year>2003</year>
<holder>ME-THE-TRANSLATOR (Latin translation)</holder>
</copyright>
-->
<publisher role="maintainer">
<publishername lang="en">GNOME Documentation Project</publishername>
</publisher>
<authorgroup>
<author lang="en">
<firstname>Sun </firstname>
<surname>GNOME Documentation Team</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>Sun Microsystems</orgname>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author lang="en">
<firstname>Oliver</firstname>
<surname>Maruhn</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>GNOME Documentation Project</orgname>
<address><email>oliver@maruhn.com</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author lang="en">
<firstname>Dan</firstname>
<surname>Mueth</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>GNOME Documentation Project</orgname>
<address><email>d-mueth@uchicago.edu</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author lang="en">
<firstname>Angela</firstname>
<surname>Boyle</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>GNOME Documentation Project</orgname>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author lang="en">
<firstname>Davyd</firstname><surname>Madeley</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>GNOME Project</orgname>
<address><email>davyd@madeley.id.au</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<!-- This is appropriate place for other contributors: translators,
maintainers, etc. Commented out by default.
<othercredit role="translator">
<firstname>Latin</firstname>
<surname>Translator 1</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>Latin Translation Team</orgname>
<address> <email>translator@gnome.org</email> </address>
</affiliation>
<contrib>Latin translation</contrib>
</othercredit>
-->
</authorgroup>
<revhistory>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Version 2.12</revnumber>
<date>September 2005</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">Davyd Madeley</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Version 2.10</revnumber>
<date>March 2005</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">Davyd Madeley</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Version 2.8</revnumber>
<date>September 2004</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">Angela Boyle</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">GNOME Documentation Project</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.7</revnumber>
<date>August 2004</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">Sun Microsystems</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">GNOME Documentation Project</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.6</revnumber>
<date>September 2003</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">Sun Microsystems</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">GNOME Documentation Project</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.5</revnumber>
<date>August 2003</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">Sun Microsystems</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">GNOME Documentation Project</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.4</revnumber>
<date>April 2003</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Sun Microsystems
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.3</revnumber>
<date>January 2003</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Sun Microsystems
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.2</revnumber>
<date>August 2002</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Sun Microsystems
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.1</revnumber>
<date>July 2002</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Sun Microsystems
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Command Line Applet Manual V2.0</revnumber>
<date>March 2002</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Sun Microsystems
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
<revision lang="en">
<revnumber>Mini-Commander Applet Manual</revnumber>
<date>1998</date>
<revdescription>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Oliver Maruhn <email>oliver@maruhn.com</email>
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
<para role="author" lang="en">
Dan Mueth <email>d-mueth@uchicago.edu</email>
</para>
<para role="publisher" lang="en">
GNOME Documentation Project
</para>
</revdescription>
</revision>
</revhistory>
<releaseinfo lang="en"> This manual describes version 2.12 of Command Line.
</releaseinfo>
<legalnotice>
<title lang="en">Feedback</title>
<para lang="en">
To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding the Command Line applet or this manual, follow the directions in the <ulink url="ghelp:gnome-feedback" type="help">GNOME Feedback Page</ulink>.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</articleinfo>
<indexterm zone="index" lang="en">
<primary>Command Line</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm zone="index" lang="en">
<primary>command line applet</primary>
</indexterm>
<!-- ============= Introduction =====-->
<sect1 id="command-line-introduction">
<title lang="en">Introduction</title>
<!-- ==== Figure ==================-->
<figure id="applet-fig">
<title lang="en">Command Line</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject lang="en">
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="figures/command-line.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Shows Command Line.</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para lang="en">
The <application>Command Line</application> provides a command line that you can use within any panel on the desktop. </para>
<para lang="en">
<application>Command Line</application> contains the following interactive elements: </para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">
<guilabel>Entry</guilabel> field</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
You can enter commands, macros, and programs in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">
<guilabel>Browser</guilabel> button — the bullet</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
You can use the <guibutton>Browser</guibutton> button to look through your file system for programs. A solid-circle icon identifies the <guibutton>Browser</guibutton> button.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">
<guibutton>History</guibutton> button — the down arrow</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
You can use the <guibutton>History</guibutton> button to recall previous commands. A down-arrow icon identifies the <guibutton>History</guibutton> button.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<sect2 id="features">
<title lang="en">Features</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">History list of previously executed commands</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
You can execute commands directly from the history list display. You can also cycle the history list contents through the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel> to display and then execute a command. A vertical scrollbar appears when more than 20 commands are in the history list. See <xref linkend="command-line-histlist"/> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">History-based auto completion function</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
<application>Command Line</application> uses the history-based auto completion function to complete commands in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>. This function compares the contents of the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel> with the history list. If <application>Command Line</application> finds a match then the applet completes the command. See the note in <xref linkend="command-line-histlist"/> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">User-requestable command completion function</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
This command completion function compares character strings in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel> with commands in the user path. The command completion function is useful if you do not know the exact character sequence or spelling of a command. After you type the first few letters of the command name, press the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key. If <application>Command Line</application> recognizes the character sequence as unique, then the applet completes the command name. See <xref linkend="command-line-run"/> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">Macro facility</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
The macro facility provides up to 99 shortcut commands. In addition to predefined commands you can create your own commands for use with <application>Command Line</application>. See <xref linkend="command-line-macros"/> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="command-line-introduction-add">
<title lang="en">To Add Command Line to a Panel</title>
<para lang="en">To add <application>Command Line</application> to a panel,
right-click on the panel, then choose <guimenuitem>Add to
Panel</guimenuitem>. Select <application>Command Line</application>
in the <application>Add to the panel</application> dialog, then
click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<!-- ================ Running Commands =======-->
<sect1 id="command-line-usage">
<title lang="en">Running Commands</title>
<!-- ================ To Run Command =======-->
<sect2 id="command-line-run">
<title lang="en">To Run a Command From the Entry Field</title>
<para lang="en">
To run a command from the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
Type the command in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>.
</para>
<para lang="en">
To instruct <application>Command Line </application> to try to complete the command name, press the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
Type the command-line options, if any, in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
Press <keycap>Return</keycap>.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para lang="en">
If the command you entered could not be run, the computer will emit a
single warning beep and the applet will indicate the command could not
be run by showing a question mark (?) before the command. Check that
you specified the command correctly. Clicking on the command line will
cause the question mark to automatically disappear.
</para>
<tip>
<para lang="en">If the auto completion option is selected, <application>Command Line</application> searches for a match in the history list during steps 1 and 2. See <xref linkend="command-line-histauto"/> for more information.</para>
</tip>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="command-line-histauto">
<title lang="en">History-based auto completion</title>
<para lang="en">You can enable or disable this option under the <guimenu>Preferences</guimenu> menu in the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab under <guilabel>Auto Completion</guilabel>. Select <guilabel>Enable history-based auto completion</guilabel> to instruct <application>Command Line</application> to compare the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel> with the history list, and complete commands when there is a match. </para>
<para lang="en">If the auto completion option is selected, <application>Command Line</application> searches for a match in the history list during steps 1 and 2 in <xref linkend="command-line-run"/>. If there is a match in the history list, <application>Command Line</application> completes the command. To accept the command, press <keycap>Return</keycap>. If you do not want to accept the command, type more characters in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>.
</para>
</sect2>
<!-- ================ To Run Program =======-->
<sect2 id="command-line-filesys">
<title lang="en">To Run a Program From Your File System</title>
<para lang="en">
Click on the <guibutton>Browser</guibutton> button to display the file system, then double-click on the program you want to run.
</para>
<para lang="en">
You can use <application>Command Line</application> to run scripts, execute commands, or run other programs from your file system.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="command-line-histlist">
<title lang="en">To Run a Previous Command, Macro, or Program From the History List
</title>
<para lang="en">
You can run a previously executed command, macro, or program from the history list in one of the following ways:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
Click on the <guibutton>History</guibutton> button to display the history list. Click on a history list item to run the command, macro, or program that you require.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
Click on the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>, then use the keyboard up and down arrows to cycle through the history list. Press <keycap>Return</keycap> to run a specific command, macro, or program when the history list item you want is displayed in the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<note>
<title lang="en">History-based auto completion</title>
<para lang="en">You can enable or disable this option under the <guimenu>Preferences</guimenu> menu in the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab under <guilabel>Auto Completion</guilabel>. Select <guilabel>Enable history-based auto completion</guilabel> to instruct <application>Command Line</application> to compare the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel> with the history list, and complete commands when there is a match. </para>
</note>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<!-- ================ Using Macros =======-->
<sect1 id="command-line-macros">
<title lang="en">Using Shortcuts or Macros</title>
<para lang="en">
The macro facility provides up to 99 shortcut commands. In addition to predefined commands you can create your own commands for use with <application>Command Line</application>.
</para>
<sect2 id="command-line-runmacro">
<title lang="en">To Run a Macro From the Entry Field</title>
<para lang="en">
To run a macro that is defined in the <application>Command Line</application> <xref linkend="command-line-prefs-2"/> list, type the macro in the <guilabel> entry field</guilabel>, then press <keycap>Return</keycap>.
</para>
<para lang="en">
The <xref linkend="command-line-histauto"/> function also works for macros.
</para>
<para lang="en">
The following list shows some examples of <application>Command Line</application> macros:
</para>
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colwidth="29.29*"/><colspec colwidth="70.71*"/>
<tbody>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>http://</userinput> or
<userinput>www.</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Anything starting with <userinput>http://</userinput> or
<userinput>www.</userinput> will be
treated as a URL and loaded in your web browser.
</para></entry>
</row>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>ftp://</userinput> or
<userinput>ftp.</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Anything starting <userinput>ftp://</userinput> or
<userinput>ftp.</userinput> will be
treated as a URL and loaded in your default FTP software.
</para></entry>
</row>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>dictionary:</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Use <userinput>dictionary:</userinput> to look up a word
using <application>GNOME Dictionary</application>.
</para></entry>
</row>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>google:</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Use <userinput>google:</userinput> to search for something
using the Google search engine.
</para></entry>
</row>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>bing:</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Use <userinput>bing:</userinput> to search for something using
the Bing search engine.
</para></entry>
</row>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>ddg:</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Use the <userinput>ddg:</userinput> macro to search for
things using the DuckDuckGo search engine.
</para></entry>
</row>
<row valign="top">
<entry><para lang="en"><userinput>w:</userinput></para></entry>
<entry><para lang="en">
Use <userinput>w:</userinput> to search for articles in
Wikipedia.
</para></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="command-line-prefs-2">
<title lang="en">Customizing Your Macros</title>
<figure id="applet-macro-fig">
<title lang="en">Configuring Macros</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject lang="en">
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="figures/prefs-macros.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Configuring Macros</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para lang="en">
This tabbed section contains a list of macros that you can use with <application>Command Line</application>. The list contains the following information:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
A list of UNIX regular expressions in the <guilabel>Pattern</guilabel> column.
</para>
<para lang="en">
A regular expression is a pattern of characters or numbers that you use to match strings. See the <command>regex</command> man page for further information on how to construct a regular expression.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">
A list of commands in the <guilabel>Command</guilabel> column.
</para>
<para lang="en">
A command executes if the corresponding pattern successfully matches the text that you type into the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel>. The macros are commands that can take parameters parsed by the regular expression.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para lang="en">To add a new macro, click on the <guibutton>Add Macro</guibutton> button. To delete a macro, select the macro, then click on the <guibutton>Delete Macro</guibutton> button.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<!-- ============= Appearance ============================= -->
<sect1 id="command-line-apperance">
<title lang="en">Customizing the Appearance</title>
<para lang="en">
<figure id="applet-prefs-fig">
<title lang="en">Preferences</title>
<screenshot>
<mediaobject lang="en">
<imageobject><imagedata fileref="figures/prefs.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Preferences Dialog</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
To configure the appearance of <application>Command Line</application>, right-click on an area of the applet outside the interactive elements, then choose <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem> and select the <guilabel>General</guilabel> tab.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">To move Command Line: </term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">Select <guilabel>Show handle</guilabel> to attach a handle to the edge of the applet. You can use the handle to drag the <application>Command Line</application> display to any location on your desktop. </para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">To add a border:</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">Select this option to show a frame around the <application>Command Line</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">To change the width:</term>
<listitem>
<para lang="en">Use the <guilabel>Width . . . pixels</guilabel> spin box to specify the applet width.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term lang="en">To adjust the color theme:</term>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para lang="en">Select <guilabel>Use default theme colors</guilabel> to use the colors from the default GNOME theme.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para lang="en">Click on the <guilabel>Command line foreground</guilabel> button to select a color for the command line text. This button is unavailable if the <guilabel>Use default theme colors</guilabel> check box is selected.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para lang="en">Click on the <guilabel>Command line background</guilabel> button to select a color for the <guilabel>entry field</guilabel> background. This button is unavailable if the <guilabel>Use default theme colors</guilabel> check box is selected.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect1>
</article>
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