File: func.defs

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@CATEGORY=Bitwise Operations
@FUNCTION=BITAND
@SYNTAX=BITAND(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=BITAND function returns bitwise and-ing of its arguments.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=BITOR,BITXOR

@CATEGORY=Bitwise Operations
@FUNCTION=BITLSHIFT
@SYNTAX=BITLSHIFT(x,n)
@DESCRIPTION=BITLSHIFT function returns @x bit-shifted left by @n bits.

* If @n is negative, a right shift will in effect be performed.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=BITRSHIFT

@CATEGORY=Bitwise Operations
@FUNCTION=BITOR
@SYNTAX=BITOR(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=BITOR function returns bitwise or-ing of its arguments.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=BITXOR,BITAND

@CATEGORY=Bitwise Operations
@FUNCTION=BITRSHIFT
@SYNTAX=BITRSHIFT(x,n)
@DESCRIPTION=BITRSHIFT function returns @x bit-shifted right by @n bits.

* If @n is negative, a left shift will in effect be performed.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=BITLSHIFT

@CATEGORY=Bitwise Operations
@FUNCTION=BITXOR
@SYNTAX=BITXOR(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=BITXOR function returns bitwise exclusive or-ing of its arguments.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=BITOR,BITAND

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=COMPLEX
@SYNTAX=COMPLEX(real,im[,suffix])
@DESCRIPTION=COMPLEX returns a complex number of the form x + yi.

@real is the real and @im is the imaginary part of the complex number.  @suffix is the suffix for the imaginary part.  If it is omitted, COMPLEX uses 'i' by default.

* If @suffix is neither 'i' nor 'j', COMPLEX returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
COMPLEX(1,-1) equals 1-i.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMABS
@SYNTAX=IMABS(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMABS returns the absolute value of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMABS returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMABS("2-j") equals 2.23606798.

@SEEALSO=IMAGINARY,IMREAL

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMAGINARY
@SYNTAX=IMAGINARY(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMAGINARY returns the imaginary part of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMAGINARY returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMAGINARY("132-j") equals -1.

@SEEALSO=IMREAL

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCCOS
@SYNTAX=IMARCCOS(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCCOS returns the complex arccosine of the complex number @inumber. The branch cuts are on the real axis, less than -1 and greater than 1.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCCOS returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCCOS("1+j") equals 0.9045569-1.061275j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSIN,IMARCTAN

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCCOSH
@SYNTAX=IMARCCOSH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCCOSH returns the complex hyperbolic arccosine of the complex number @inumber. The branch cut is on the real axis, less than 1.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCCOSH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCCOSH("1+j") equals 1.06127506+0.904557j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSINH,IMARCTANH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCCOT
@SYNTAX=IMARCCOT(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCCOT returns the complex arccotangent of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	arccot(z) = arctan(1/z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCCOT returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCCOT("1+j") equals 0.553574+0.4023595j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSEC,IMARCCSC

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCCOTH
@SYNTAX=IMARCCOTH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCCOTH returns the complex hyperbolic arccotangent of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	arccoth(z) = arctanh(1/z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCCOTH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCCOTH("1+j") equals 0.40235948-0.5535744j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSECH,IMARCCSCH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCCSC
@SYNTAX=IMARCCSC(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCCSC returns the complex arccosecant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	arccsc(z) = arcsin(1/z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCCSC returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCCSC("1+j") equals 0.45227845-0.5306375j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSEC,IMARCCOT

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCCSCH
@SYNTAX=IMARCCSCH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCCSCH returns the complex hyperbolic arccosecant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	arccsch(z) = arcsinh(1/z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCCSCH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCCSCH("1+j") equals 0.5306375-0.452278j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSECH,IMARCCOTH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCSEC
@SYNTAX=IMARCSEC(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCSEC returns the complex arcsecant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	arcsec(z) = arccos(1/z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCSEC returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCSEC("1+j") equals 1.1185179+0.5306375j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCCSC,IMARCCOT

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCSECH
@SYNTAX=IMARCSECH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCSECH returns the complex hyperbolic arcsecant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	arcsech(z) = arccosh(1/z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCSECH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCSECH("1+j") equals 0.5306375-1.118518j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCCSCH,IMARCCOTH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCSIN
@SYNTAX=IMARCSIN(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCSIN returns the complex arcsine of the complex number @inumber. The branch cuts are on the real axis, less than -1 and greater than 1.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCSIN returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCSIN("1+j") equals 0.6662394+1.061275j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCCOS,IMARCTAN

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCSINH
@SYNTAX=IMARCSINH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCSINH returns the complex hyperbolic arcsine of the complex number @inumber. The branch cuts are on the imaginary axis, below -i and above i.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCSINH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCSINH("1+j") equals 1.061275+0.6662394j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCCOSH,IMARCTANH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCTAN
@SYNTAX=IMARCTAN(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCTAN returns the complex arctangent of the complex number @inumber. The branch cuts are on the imaginary axis, below -i and above i.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCTAN returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCTAN("1+j") equals 1.0172220+0.4023595j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSIN,IMARCCOS

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARCTANH
@SYNTAX=IMARCTANH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARCTANH returns the complex hyperbolic arctangent of the complex number @inumber. The branch cuts are on the real axis, less than -1 and greater than 1.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARCTANH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARCTANH("1+j") equals 0.4023595+1.0172220j.

@SEEALSO=IMARCSINH,IMARCCOSH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMARGUMENT
@SYNTAX=IMARGUMENT(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMARGUMENT returns the argument theta of a complex number, i.e. the angle in radians from the real axis to the representation of the number in polar coordinates.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMARGUMENT returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMARGUMENT("2-j") equals -0.463647609.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCONJUGATE
@SYNTAX=IMCONJUGATE(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCONJUGATE returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCONJUGATE returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCONJUGATE("1-j") equals 1+j.

@SEEALSO=IMAGINARY,IMREAL

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCOS
@SYNTAX=IMCOS(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCOS returns the cosine of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCOS returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCOS("1+j") equals 0.833730-0.988898j.

@SEEALSO=IMSIN,IMTAN

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCOSH
@SYNTAX=IMCOSH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCOSH returns the complex hyperbolic cosine of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	cosh(z) = (exp(z) + exp(-z))/2.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCOSH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCOSH("1+j") equals 0.83373+0.988898j.

@SEEALSO=IMSINH,IMTANH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCOT
@SYNTAX=IMCOT(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCOT returns the complex cotangent of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	cot(z) = 1/tan(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCOT returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCOT("2-j") equals -0.171384+0.821330j.

@SEEALSO=IMSEC,IMCSC

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCOTH
@SYNTAX=IMCOTH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCOTH returns the complex hyperbolic cotangent of the complex number z (@inumber) where,

	coth(z) = 1/tanh(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCOTH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCOTH("1+j") equals 0.868014-0.217622j.

@SEEALSO=IMSECH,IMCSCH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCSC
@SYNTAX=IMCSC(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCSC returns the complex cosecant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	csc(z) = 1/sin(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCSC returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCSC("2-j") equals 0.635494-0.221501j.

@SEEALSO=IMSEC,IMCOT

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMCSCH
@SYNTAX=IMCSCH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMCSCH returns the complex hyperbolic cosecant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	csch(z) = 1/sinh(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMCSCH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMCSCH("1+j") equals 0.303931-0.621518j.

@SEEALSO=IMSECH,IMCOTH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMDIV
@SYNTAX=IMDIV(inumber1,inumber2)
@DESCRIPTION=IMDIV returns the quotient of two complex numbers.

* If @inumber1 or @inumber2 are not valid complex numbers, IMDIV returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMDIV("2-j","2+j") equals 0.6-0.8j.

@SEEALSO=IMPRODUCT

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMEXP
@SYNTAX=IMEXP(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMEXP returns the exponential of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMEXP returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMEXP("2-j") equals 3.992324-6.217676j.

@SEEALSO=IMLN

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMINV
@SYNTAX=IMINV(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMINV returns the the inverse, or reciprocal, of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	1/z = (x - i y)/(x^2 + y^2).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMINV returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMINV("1-j") equals 0.5+0.5j.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMLN
@SYNTAX=IMLN(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMLN returns the natural logarithm of a complex number.

The result will have an imaginary part between -pi and +pi.  The natural logarithm is not uniquely defined on complex numbers. You may need to add or subtract an even multiple of pi to the imaginary part.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMLN returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMLN("3-j") equals 1.15129-0.32175j.

@SEEALSO=IMEXP,IMLOG2,IMLOG10

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMLOG10
@SYNTAX=IMLOG10(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMLOG10 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 10.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMLOG10 returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMLOG10("3-j") equals 0.5-0.13973j.

@SEEALSO=IMLN,IMLOG2

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMLOG2
@SYNTAX=IMLOG2(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMLOG2 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 2.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMLOG2 returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMLOG2("3-j") equals 1.66096-0.46419j.

@SEEALSO=IMLN,IMLOG10

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMNEG
@SYNTAX=IMNEG(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMNEG returns the negative of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	-z = (-x) + i(-y).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMNEG returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMNEG("1-j") equals -1+j.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMPOWER
@SYNTAX=IMPOWER(inumber1,inumber2)
@DESCRIPTION=IMPOWER returns a complex number raised to a power.  @inumber1 is the complex number to be raised to a power and @inumber2 is the power to which you want to raise it.

* If @inumber1 or @inumber2 are not valid complex numbers, IMPOWER returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMPOWER("4-j",2) equals 15-8j.

@SEEALSO=IMSQRT

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMPRODUCT
@SYNTAX=IMPRODUCT(inumber1[,inumber2,...])
@DESCRIPTION=IMPRODUCT returns the product of given complex numbers.

* If any of the @inumbers are not valid complex numbers, IMPRODUCT returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMPRODUCT("2-j","4-2j") equals 6-8j.

@SEEALSO=IMDIV

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMREAL
@SYNTAX=IMREAL(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMREAL returns the real part of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMREAL returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
imreal("132-j") equals 132.

@SEEALSO=IMAGINARY

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSEC
@SYNTAX=IMSEC(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSEC returns the complex secant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	sec(z) = 1/cos(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMSEC returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSEC("2-j") equals -0.413149-0.687527j.

@SEEALSO=IMCSC,IMCOT

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSECH
@SYNTAX=IMSECH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSECH returns the complex hyperbolic secant of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	sech(z) = 1/cosh(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMSECH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSECH("1+j") equals 0.498337-0.5910838j.

@SEEALSO=IMCSCH,IMCOTH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSIN
@SYNTAX=IMSIN(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSIN returns the sine of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMSIN returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSIN("1+j") equals 1.29846+0.63496j.

@SEEALSO=IMCOS,IMTAN

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSINH
@SYNTAX=IMSINH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSINH returns the complex hyperbolic sine of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	sinh(z) = (exp(z) - exp(-z))/2.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMSINH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSINH("1+j") equals 0.63496+1.29846j.

@SEEALSO=IMCOSH,IMTANH

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSQRT
@SYNTAX=IMSQRT(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSQRT returns the square root of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMSQRT returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSQRT("1+j") equals 1.09868+0.4550899j.

@SEEALSO=IMPOWER

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSUB
@SYNTAX=IMSUB(inumber1,inumber2)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSUB returns the difference of two complex numbers.

* If @inumber1 or @inumber2 are not valid complex numbers, IMSUB returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSUB("3-j","2+j") equals 1-2j.

@SEEALSO=IMSUM

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMSUM
@SYNTAX=IMSUM(inumber1,inumber2)
@DESCRIPTION=IMSUM returns the sum of two complex numbers.

* If @inumber1 or @inumber2 are not valid complex numbers, IMSUM returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMSUM("2-4j","9-j") equals 11-5j.

@SEEALSO=IMSUB

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMTAN
@SYNTAX=IMTAN(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMTAN returns the tangent of a complex number.

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMTAN returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IMTAN("2-j") equals -0.2434582-1.1667363j.

@SEEALSO=IMSIN,IMCOS

@CATEGORY=Complex
@FUNCTION=IMTANH
@SYNTAX=IMTANH(inumber)
@DESCRIPTION=IMTANH returns the complex hyperbolic tangent of the complex number z (@inumber), where

	tanh(z) = sinh(z)/cosh(z).

* If @inumber is not a valid complex number, IMTANH returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
IMTANH("1+j") equals 1.083923+0.2717526j.

@SEEALSO=IMSINH,IMCOSH

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DAVERAGE
@SYNTAX=DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DAVERAGE function returns the average of the values in a list or database that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 42296.3333.
DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Age", A9:A11) equals 39.
DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 40782.5.
DAVERAGE(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 36.

@SEEALSO=DCOUNT

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DCOUNT
@SYNTAX=DCOUNT(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DCOUNT function counts the cells that contain numbers in a database that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DCOUNT(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 3.
DCOUNT(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 2.
DCOUNT(A1:C7, "Name", A9:B11) equals 0.

@SEEALSO=DAVERAGE

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DCOUNTA
@SYNTAX=DCOUNTA(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DCOUNTA function counts the cells that contain data in a database that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DCOUNTA(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 3.
DCOUNTA(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 2.
DCOUNTA(A1:C7, "Name", A9:B11) equals 2.

@SEEALSO=DCOUNT

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DGET
@SYNTAX=DGET(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DGET function returns a single value from a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

* If none of the items match the conditions, DGET returns #VALUE! error.
* If more than one items match the conditions, DGET returns #NUM! error.

DGET(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A10) equals 34323.
DGET(A1:C7, "Name", A9:A10) equals "Clark".

@SEEALSO=DCOUNT

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DMAX
@SYNTAX=DMAX(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DMAX function returns the largest number in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DMAX(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:A11) equals 47242.
DMAX(A1:C7, "Age", A9:A11) equals 45.
DMAX(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 43.

@SEEALSO=DMIN

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DMIN
@SYNTAX=DMIN(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DMIN function returns the smallest number in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DMIN(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 34323.
DMIN(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 29.

@SEEALSO=DMAX

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DPRODUCT
@SYNTAX=DPRODUCT(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DPRODUCT function returns the product of numbers in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DPRODUCT(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 1247.

@SEEALSO=DSUM

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DSTDEV
@SYNTAX=DSTDEV(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DSTDEV function returns the estimate of the standard deviation of a population based on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DSTDEV(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 9.89949.
DSTDEV(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 9135.112506.

@SEEALSO=DSTDEVP

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DSTDEVP
@SYNTAX=DSTDEVP(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DSTDEVP function returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DSTDEVP(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 7.
DSTDEVP(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 6459.5.

@SEEALSO=DSTDEV

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DSUM
@SYNTAX=DSUM(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DSUM function returns the sum of numbers in a column that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DSUM(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 72.
DSUM(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 81565.

@SEEALSO=DPRODUCT

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DVAR
@SYNTAX=DVAR(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DVAR function returns the estimate of variance of a population based on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DVAR(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 98.
DVAR(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 83450280.5.

@SEEALSO=DVARP

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=DVARP
@SYNTAX=DVARP(database,field,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=DVARP function returns the variance of a population based on the entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions specified.

@database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database contains labels for each column. 

@field specifies which column is used in the function.  If @field is an integer, for example 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the label of a column.  For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the label ``Age'' in @database range. 

@criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified conditions.  The first row of a @criteria should contain the labels of the fields for which the criteria are for.  Cells below the labels specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''.  Equality condition can be given simply by specifying a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. 
Each row in @criteria specifies a separate condition. If a row in @database matches a row in @criteria, then that row is counted. Technically speaking, this a boolean OR operation between the rows in @criteria.
If @criteria specifies more than one column, then each of the conditions in the specified columns must be true for the row in @database to match. Technically speaking, this is a boolean AND operation between the columns in @criteria.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the range A1:C7 contain the following values:
Name    Age     Salary
John    34      54342
Bill    35      22343
Clark   29      34323
Bob     43      47242
Susan   37      42932
Jill    45      45324

In addition, the cells A9:B11 contain the following values:
Age     Salary
<30
>40     >46000

DVARP(A1:C7, "Age", A9:B11) equals 49.
DVARP(A1:C7, "Salary", A9:B11) equals 41725140.25.

@SEEALSO=DVAR

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=EXECSQL
@SYNTAX=EXECSQL(dsn,username,password,sql)
@DESCRIPTION=The EXECSQL function lets you execute a command in a database server, and show the results returned in current sheet. It uses libgda as the means for accessing the databases.
For using it, you need first to set up a libgda data source.
@EXAMPLES=
To get all the data from the table "Customers" present in the "mydatasource" GDA data source, you would use:
EXECSQL("mydatasource","username","password","SELECT * FROM customers")
@SEEALSO=READDBTABLE

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=GETPIVOTDATA
@SYNTAX=GETPIVOTDATA(pivot_table,field_name)
@DESCRIPTION=GETPIVOTDATA function fetches summary data from a pivot table. @pivot_table is a cell range containing the pivot table. @field_name is the name of the field of which you want the summary data.

* If the summary data is unavailable, GETPIVOTDATA returns #REF! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Database
@FUNCTION=READDBTABLE
@SYNTAX=READDBTABLE(dsn,username,password,table)
@DESCRIPTION=The READDBTABLE function lets you get the contents of a table, as stored in a database.For using it, you need first to set up a libgda data source.
Note that this function returns all the rows in the given table. If you want to get data from more than one table or want a more precise selection (conditions), use the EXECSQL function.
@EXAMPLES=
To get all the data from the table "Customers" present in the "mydatasource" GDA data source, you would use:
READDBTABLE("mydatasource","username","password","customers")
@SEEALSO=EXECSQL

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=DATE
@SYNTAX=DATE (year,month,day)
@DESCRIPTION=DATE returns the number of days since the 1st of January of 1900(the date serial number) for the given year, month and day.

* If @month < 1 or @month > 12, the year will be corrected.  A similar correction takes place for days.
* The @years should be at least 1900.  If @years < 1900, it is assumed to be 1900 + @years.
* If the given date is not valid, DATE returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DATE(2001, 3, 30) returns 'Mar 30, 2001'.
 
@SEEALSO=TODAY, NOW

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=DATE2UNIX
@SYNTAX=DATE2UNIX(serial)
@DESCRIPTION=DATE2UNIX converts a spreadsheet date and time serial number into a unix time.

A unix time is the number of seconds since midnight January 1, 1970.

@EXAMPLES=
DATE2UNIX("01/01/2000") equals 946656000.

@SEEALSO=NOW, DATE, UNIX2DATE

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=DATEDIF
@SYNTAX=DATEDIF(date1,date2,interval)
@DESCRIPTION=DATEDIF returns the difference between two dates.  @interval is one of six possible values:  "y", "m", "d", "ym", "md", and "yd".

The first three options will return the number of complete years, months, or days, respectively, between the two dates specified.

  "ym" will return the number of full months between the two dates, not including the difference in years.
  "md" will return the number of full days between the two dates, not including the difference in months.
  "yd" will return the number of full days between the two dates, not including the difference in years.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DATEDIF(DATE(2000,4,30),DATE(2003,8,4),"d") equals 1191.
DATEDIF(DATE(2000,4,30),DATE(2003,8,4),"y") equals 3.

@SEEALSO=DATE

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=DATEVALUE
@SYNTAX=DATEVALUE(date_str)
@DESCRIPTION=DATEVALUE returns the serial number of the date.  @date_str is the string that contains the date. The value depends on the date convention.  The MS Excel 1900 convention dates things from Jan 1 1900 while the 1904 convention uses Jan 1 1904.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DATEVALUE("1/1/1999") equals 36161 (in the 1900 convention).
@SEEALSO=DATE

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=DAY
@SYNTAX=DAY (date)
@DESCRIPTION=DAY converts a serial number to a day of month.

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DAY("10/24/1968") equals 24.

@SEEALSO=MONTH, TIME, NOW, YEAR

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=DAYS360 
@SYNTAX=DAYS360 (date1,date2,method)
@DESCRIPTION=DAYS360 returns the number of days from @date1 to @date2 following a 360-day calendar in which all months are assumed to have 30 days.

* If @method is 1, the European method will be used.  In this case, if the day of the month is 31 it will be considered as 30.
* If @method is 0 or omitted, the XL US method will be used.  This is a somewhat complicated industry standard method where the last day of February is considered to be the 30th day of the month, but only for the first date.
* If @method is 2, a saner version of the US method is used in which both dates get the same February treatment.
* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is mostly Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DAYS360(DATE(2003, 2, 3), DATE(2007, 4, 2)) equals 1499.

@SEEALSO=MONTH, TIME, NOW, YEAR

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=EDATE
@SYNTAX=EDATE(date,months)
@DESCRIPTION=EDATE returns the serial number of the date that is the specified number of months before or after a given date.  @date is the serial number of the initial date and @months is the number of months before (negative number) or after (positive number) the initial date.

* If @months is not an integer, it is truncated.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
EDATE(DATE(2001,12,30),2) returns 'Feb 28, 2002'.

@SEEALSO=DATE

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=EOMONTH
@SYNTAX=EOMONTH (start_date,months)
@DESCRIPTION=EOMONTH returns the last day of the month which is @months from the @start_date.

* EOMONTH returns #NUM! if @start_date or @months are invalid.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
If A1 contains 12/21/00 then EOMONTH(A1,0)=12/31/00, EOMONTH(A1,5)=5/31/01, and EOMONTH(A1,2)=2/28/01

@SEEALSO=MONTH

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=HOUR
@SYNTAX=HOUR (date)
@DESCRIPTION=HOUR converts a serial number to an hour.  The hour is returned as an integer in the range 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.).

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
HOUR(0.128472) equals 3.

@SEEALSO=MINUTE, NOW, TIME, SECOND

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=ISOWEEKNUM
@SYNTAX=ISOWEEKNUM (date)
@DESCRIPTION=ISOWEEKNUM returns the ISO 8601 week number of @date.

An ISO 8601 week starts on Monday. Weeks are numbered from 1. A week including days from two different years is assigned to the year which includes the most days. This means that Dec 31 could be in week 1 of the following year, and Jan 1 could be in week 52 or 53 of the previous year. ISOWEEKNUM returns the week number.

* ISOWEEKNUM returns #NUM! if date is invalid.

@EXAMPLES=
If A1 contains 12/21/00 then ISOWEEKNUM(A1)=51
@SEEALSO=WEEKNUM, ISOYEAR

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=ISOYEAR
@SYNTAX=ISOYEAR (date)
@DESCRIPTION=ISOYEAR returns the year of the ISO 8601 week number of @date.

An ISO 8601 week starts on Monday. Weeks are numbered from 1. A week including days from two different years is assigned to the year which includes the most days. This means that Dec 31 could be in week 1 of the following year, and Jan 1 could be in week 52 or 53 of the previous year. ISOYEAR returns the year the week is assigned to.

* ISOYEAR returns #NUM! if date is invalid.
@EXAMPLES=
If A1 contains 12/31/2001 then ISOYEAR(A1)=2002
@SEEALSO=ISOWEEKNUM

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=MINUTE
@SYNTAX=MINUTE (date)
@DESCRIPTION=MINUTE converts a serial number to a minute.  The minute is returned as an integer in the range 0 to 59.

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
MINUTE(0.128472) equals 5.

@SEEALSO=HOUR, NOW, TIME, SECOND

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=MONTH
@SYNTAX=MONTH (date)
@DESCRIPTION=MONTH converts a serial number to a month.

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
MONTH(DATE(2003, 4, 30)) equals 4.

@SEEALSO=DAY, TIME, NOW, YEAR

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=NETWORKDAYS
@SYNTAX=NETWORKDAYS (start_date,end_date[,holidays])
@DESCRIPTION=NETWORKDAYS returns the number of non-weekend non-holidays between @start_date and @end_date including these dates. Holidays are optionally supplied in @holidays.

* NETWORKDAYS returns #NUM! if @start_date or @end_date are invalid.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NETWORKDAYS(DATE(2001,1,2),DATE(2001,2,15)) equals 33.

@SEEALSO=WORKDAY

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=NOW
@SYNTAX=NOW ()
@DESCRIPTION=NOW returns the serial number for the date and time at the time it is evaluated.

Serial Numbers in Gnumeric are represented as follows:The integral part is the number of days since the 1st of January of 1900.  The decimal part represent the fraction of the day and is mapped into hour, minutes and seconds.

For example: .0 represents the beginning of the day, and 0.5 represents noon.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NOW().

@SEEALSO=TODAY

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=SECOND
@SYNTAX=SECOND (date)
@DESCRIPTION=SECOND converts a serial number to a second.  The second is returned as an integer in the range 0 to 59.

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SECOND(0.600613) equals 53.

@SEEALSO=HOUR, MINUTE, NOW, TIME

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=TIME
@SYNTAX=TIME (hours,minutes,seconds)
@DESCRIPTION=TIME returns a fraction representing the time of day.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TIME(3, 5, 23) equals 3:05AM.

@SEEALSO=HOUR

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=TIMEVALUE
@SYNTAX=TIMEVALUE (timetext)
@DESCRIPTION=TIMEVALUE returns a fraction representing the time of day, a number between 0 and 1.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TIMEVALUE("3:05") equals 0.128472.
TIMEVALUE("2:24:53 PM") equals 0.600613.

@SEEALSO=HOUR,MINUTE

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=TODAY
@SYNTAX=TODAY()
@DESCRIPTION=TODAY returns the serial number for today (the number of days elapsed since the 1st of January of 1900).

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TODAY() returns 'Nov 6, 2001' on that particular day.
 
@SEEALSO=NOW

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=UNIX2DATE
@SYNTAX=UNIX2DATE(unixtime)
@DESCRIPTION=UNIX2DATE converts a unix time into a spreadsheet date and time.

A unix time is the number of seconds since midnight January 1, 1970.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=NOW, DATE, DATE2UNIX

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=WEEKDAY
@SYNTAX=WEEKDAY (date[, method])
@DESCRIPTION=WEEKDAY converts a serial number to a weekday.

This function returns an integer indicating the day of week.
@METHOD indicates the numbering system.  It defaults to 1.

  For @METHOD=1: Sunday is 1, Monday is 2, etc.
  For @METHOD=2: Monday is 1, Tuesday is 2, etc.
  For @METHOD=3: Monday is 0, Tuesday is 1, etc.

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
WEEKDAY("10/24/1968") equals 5 (Thursday).

@SEEALSO=DAY, MONTH, TIME, NOW, YEAR

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=WEEKNUM
@SYNTAX=WEEKNUM (date[,method])
@DESCRIPTION=WEEKNUM returns the week number of @date according to the given @method.

@method defaults to 1.

  For @method=1, week starts on Sunday, and days before first Sunday are in week 0.
  For @method=2, week starts on Monday, and days before first Monday are in week 0.
  For @method=150, the ISO 8601 week number is returned.

* WEEKNUM returns #NUM! if @date or @method is invalid.
* This function is Excel compatible, except that Excel does not support ISO 8601 week numbers.

@EXAMPLES=
If A1 contains 12/21/00 then WEEKNUM(A1,2)=51
@SEEALSO=ISOWEEKNUM

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=WORKDAY
@SYNTAX=WORKDAY (start_date,days[,holidays])
@DESCRIPTION=WORKDAY returns the date which is @days working days from the @start_date.  Weekends and holidays optionally supplied in @holidays are respected.

* WORKDAY returns #NUM! if @start_date or @days are invalid.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DAY(WORKDAY(DATE(2001,1,5),30)) equals 16 and
MONTH(WORKDAY(DATE(2001,1,5),30)) equals 2.

@SEEALSO=NETWORKDAYS

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=YEAR
@SYNTAX=YEAR (date)
@DESCRIPTION=YEAR converts a serial number to a year.

* Note that Gnumeric will perform regular string to serial number conversion for you, so you can enter a date as a string.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
YEAR(DATE(2003, 4, 30)) equals 2003.

@SEEALSO=DAY, MONTH, TIME, NOW

@CATEGORY=Date/Time
@FUNCTION=YEARFRAC
@SYNTAX=YEARFRAC (start_date, end_date [,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=YEARFRAC returns the number of full days between @start_date and @end_date according to the @basis.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=DATEDIF

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BASE
@SYNTAX=BASE(number,base[,length])
@DESCRIPTION=BASE function converts a number to a string representing that number in base @base.

* @base must be an integer between 2 and 36.
* This function is OpenOffice.Org compatible.
* Optional argument @length specifies the minimum result length.  Leading  zeroes will be added to reach this length.

@EXAMPLES=
BASE(255,16,4) equals "00FF".

@SEEALSO=DECIMAL

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BESSELI
@SYNTAX=BESSELI(x,y)
@DESCRIPTION=BESSELI function returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function.

@x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the Bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

* If @x or @y are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.
* If @y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BESSELI(0.7,3) equals 0.007367374.

@SEEALSO=BESSELJ,BESSELK,BESSELY

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BESSELJ
@SYNTAX=BESSELJ(x,y)
@DESCRIPTION=BESSELJ function returns the Bessel function with @x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the Bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

* If @x or @y are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.
* If @y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BESSELJ(0.89,3) equals 0.013974004.

@SEEALSO=BESSELI,BESSELK,BESSELY

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BESSELK
@SYNTAX=BESSELK(x,y)
@DESCRIPTION=BESSELK function returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. @x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the Bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

* If @x or @y are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.
* If @y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BESSELK(3,9) equals 397.95880.

@SEEALSO=BESSELI,BESSELJ,BESSELY

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BESSELY
@SYNTAX=BESSELY(x,y)
@DESCRIPTION=BESSELY function returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function.

@x is where the function is evaluated. @y is the order of the Bessel function, if non-integer it is truncated.

* If @x or @y are not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.
* If @y < 0 a #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BESSELY(4,2) equals 0.215903595.

@SEEALSO=BESSELI,BESSELJ,BESSELK

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BIN2DEC
@SYNTAX=BIN2DEC(x)
@DESCRIPTION=BIN2DEC function converts a binary number in string or number to its decimal equivalent.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BIN2DEC(101) equals 5.

@SEEALSO=DEC2BIN, BIN2OCT, BIN2HEX

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BIN2HEX
@SYNTAX=BIN2HEX(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=BIN2HEX function converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number.  @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BIN2HEX(100111) equals 27.

@SEEALSO=HEX2BIN, BIN2OCT, BIN2DEC

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=BIN2OCT
@SYNTAX=BIN2OCT(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=BIN2OCT function converts a binary number to an octal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BIN2OCT(110111) equals 67.

@SEEALSO=OCT2BIN, BIN2DEC, BIN2HEX

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=CONVERT
@SYNTAX=CONVERT(number,from_unit,to_unit)
@DESCRIPTION=CONVERT returns a conversion from one measurement system to another.  For example, you can convert a weight in pounds to a weight in grams.  @number is the value you want to convert, @from_unit specifies the unit of the @number, and @to_unit is the unit for the result.

@from_unit and @to_unit can be any of the following:

Weight and mass:
	'g'  		Gram
	'sg' 		Slug
	'lbm'		Pound
	'u'  		U (atomic mass)
	'ozm'		Ounce

Distance:
	'm'   		Meter
	'mi'  		Statute mile
	'Nmi' 		Nautical mile
	'in'  		Inch
	'ft'  		Foot
	'yd'  		Yard
	'ang' 		Angstrom
	'Pica'		Pica

Time:
	'yr'  		Year
	'day' 		Day
	'hr'  		Hour
	'mn'  		Minute
	'sec' 		Second

Pressure:
	'Pa'  		Pascal
	'atm' 		Atmosphere
	'mmHg'	mm of Mercury

Force:
	'N'   		Newton
	'dyn' 		Dyne
	'lbf' 		Pound force

Energy:
	'J'    		Joule
	'e'    		Erg
	'c'    		Thermodynamic calorie
	'cal'  		IT calorie
	'eV'   	Electron volt
	'HPh'  	Horsepower-hour
	'Wh'   	Watt-hour
	'flb'  		Foot-pound
	'BTU'  	BTU

Power:
	'HP'   	Horsepower
	'W'    	Watt

Magnetism:
	'T'    		Tesla
	'ga'   	Gauss

Temperature:
	'C'    		Degree Celsius
	'F'    		Degree Fahrenheit
	'K'    		Degree Kelvin

Liquid measure:
	'tsp'  		Teaspoon
	'tbs'  		Tablespoon
	'oz'   		Fluid ounce
	'cup'  	Cup
	'pt'   		Pint
	'qt'   		Quart
	'gal'  		Gallon
	'l'    		Liter

For metric units any of the following prefixes can be used:
	'Y'  	yotta 	1E+24
	'Z'  	zetta 	1E+21
	'E'  	exa   	1E+18
	'P'  	peta  	1E+15
	'T'  	tera  		1E+12
	'G'  	giga  	1E+09
	'M'  	mega  	1E+06
	'k'  	kilo  		1E+03
	'h'  	hecto 	1E+02
	'e'  	deka  	1E+01
	'd'  	deci  	1E-01
	'c'  	centi 		1E-02
	'm'  	milli 		1E-03
	'u'  	micro 	1E-06
	'n'  	nano  	1E-09
	'p'  	pico  	1E-12
	'f'  	femto 	1E-15
	'a'  	atto  		1E-18
	'z'  	zepto 		1E-21
	'y'  	yocto 		1E-24

* If @from_unit and @to_unit are different types, CONVERT returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CONVERT(3,"lbm","g") equals 1360.7769.
CONVERT(5.8,"m","in") equals 228.3465.
CONVERT(7.9,"cal","J") equals 33.07567.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=DEC2BIN
@SYNTAX=DEC2BIN(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=DEC2BIN function converts a decimal number to a binary number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DEC2BIN(42) equals 101010.

@SEEALSO=BIN2DEC, DEC2OCT, DEC2HEX

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=DEC2HEX
@SYNTAX=DEC2HEX(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=DEC2HEX function converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DEC2HEX(42) equals 2A.

@SEEALSO=HEX2DEC, DEC2BIN, DEC2OCT

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=DEC2OCT
@SYNTAX=DEC2OCT(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=DEC2OCT function converts a decimal number to an octal number. @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DEC2OCT(42) equals 52.

@SEEALSO=OCT2DEC, DEC2BIN, DEC2HEX

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=DECIMAL
@SYNTAX=DECIMAL(text,base)
@DESCRIPTION=DECIMAL function converts a number in base @base to decimal.

* @base must be an integer between 2 and 36.
* This function is OpenOffice.Org compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DECIMAL("A1",16) equals 161.

@SEEALSO=BASE

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=DELTA
@SYNTAX=DELTA(x[,y])
@DESCRIPTION=DELTA function tests for numerical equivalence of two arguments, returning 1 in case of equality.

* @y is optional, and defaults to 0.
* If either argument is non-numeric returns a #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DELTA(42.99,43) equals 0.

@SEEALSO=EXACT,GESTEP

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=ERF
@SYNTAX=ERF([lower limit,]upper_limit)
@DESCRIPTION=ERF returns the error function.  With a single argument ERF returns the error function, defined as

	erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(-t*t) dt.

If two arguments are supplied, they are the lower and upper limits of the integral.

* If either @lower_limit or @upper_limit is not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.
* This function is upward-compatible with that in Excel. (If two arguments are supplied, Excel will not allow either to be negative.)

@EXAMPLES=
ERF(0.4) equals 0.428392355.
ERF(1.6448536269515/SQRT(2)) equals 0.90.

The second example shows that a random variable with a normal distribution has a 90 percent chance of falling within approximately 1.645 standard deviations of the mean.
@SEEALSO=ERFC

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=ERFC
@SYNTAX=ERFC(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ERFC function returns the complementary error function, defined as

	1 - erf(x).

erfc(x) is calculated more accurately than 1 - erf(x) for arguments larger than about 0.5.

* If @x is not numeric a #VALUE! error is returned.  
@EXAMPLES=
ERFC(6) equals 2.15197367e-17.

@SEEALSO=ERF

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=GESTEP
@SYNTAX=GESTEP(x[,y])
@DESCRIPTION=GESTEP function test for if @x is >= @y, returning 1 if it is so, and 0 otherwise. @y is optional, and defaults to 0.

* If either argument is non-numeric returns a #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.
@EXAMPLES=
GESTEP(5,4) equals 1.

@SEEALSO=DELTA

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=HEX2BIN
@SYNTAX=HEX2BIN(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=HEX2BIN function converts a hexadecimal number to a binary number.  @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
HEX2BIN("2A") equals 101010.

@SEEALSO=BIN2HEX, HEX2OCT, HEX2DEC

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=HEX2DEC
@SYNTAX=HEX2DEC(x)
@DESCRIPTION=HEX2DEC function converts a hexadecimal number to its decimal equivalent.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
HEX2DEC("2A") equals 42.

@SEEALSO=DEC2HEX, HEX2BIN, HEX2OCT

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=HEX2OCT
@SYNTAX=HEX2OCT(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=HEX2OCT function converts a hexadecimal number to an octal number.  @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
HEX2OCT("2A") equals 52.

@SEEALSO=OCT2HEX, HEX2BIN, HEX2DEC

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=INVSUMINV
@SYNTAX=INVSUMINV(x1,x2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=INVSUMINV sum calculates the inverse of the sum of inverses.

The primary use of this is for calculating equivalent resistance for parallel resistors or equivalent capacitance of a series of capacitors.

* All arguments must be non-negative, or else a #VALUE! result is returned.
* If any argument is zero, the result is zero.

@EXAMPLES=
INVSUMINV(2000,2000) equals 1000.

@SEEALSO=HARMEAN

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=OCT2BIN
@SYNTAX=OCT2BIN(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=OCT2BIN function converts an octal number to a binary number.  @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
OCT2BIN("213") equals 10001011.

@SEEALSO=BIN2OCT, OCT2DEC, OCT2HEX

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=OCT2DEC
@SYNTAX=OCT2DEC(x)
@DESCRIPTION=OCT2DEC function converts an octal number in a string or number to its decimal equivalent.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
OCT2DEC("124") equals 84.

@SEEALSO=DEC2OCT, OCT2BIN, OCT2HEX

@CATEGORY=Engineering
@FUNCTION=OCT2HEX
@SYNTAX=OCT2HEX(number[,places])
@DESCRIPTION=OCT2HEX function converts an octal number to a hexadecimal number.  @places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.

* If @places is too small or negative #NUM! error is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
OCT2HEX(132) equals 5A.

@SEEALSO=HEX2OCT, OCT2BIN, OCT2DEC

@CATEGORY=Erlang
@FUNCTION=DIMCIRC
@SYNTAX=DIMCIRC(traffic,gos)
@DESCRIPTION=DIMCIRC returns a number of circuits required from a number of @traffic loads with @gos grade of service.

@EXAMPLES=
DIMCIRC(24,1%) returns 35.

@SEEALSO=OFFCAP, OFFTRAF, PROBBLOCK

@CATEGORY=Erlang
@FUNCTION=OFFCAP
@SYNTAX=OFFCAP(circuits,gos)
@DESCRIPTION=OFFCAP returns a number of traffic capacity given by a number of @circuits with @gos grade of service.

@EXAMPLES=
OFFCAP(30,1%) returns 20.337.

@SEEALSO=DIMCIRC, OFFTRAF, PROBBLOCK

@CATEGORY=Erlang
@FUNCTION=OFFTRAF
@SYNTAX=OFFTRAF(traffic,circuits)
@DESCRIPTION=OFFTRAF returns a predicted number of offered traffic from a number of carried @traffic (taken from measurements) on a number of @circuits.

* @traffic cannot exceed @circuits

@EXAMPLES=
OFFTRAF(24,30) returns 25.527.

@SEEALSO=PROBBLOCK, DIMCIRC, OFFCAP

@CATEGORY=Erlang
@FUNCTION=PROBBLOCK
@SYNTAX=PROBBLOCK(traffic,circuits)
@DESCRIPTION=PROBBLOCK returns probability of blocking when a number of @traffic loads into a number of @circuits (servers).

* @traffic cannot exceed @circuits

@EXAMPLES=
PROBBLOCK(24,30) returns 0.4012.

@SEEALSO=OFFTRAF, DIMCIRC, OFFCAP

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ACCRINT
@SYNTAX=ACCRINT(issue,first_interest,settlement,rate,par,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=ACCRINT calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest.

@issue is the issue date of the security.  @first_interest is the first interest date of the security.  @settlement is the settlement date of the security.  The settlement date is always after the issue date (the date when the security is bought). @rate is the annual rate of the security and @par is the par value of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.

Allowed frequencies are:
  1 = annual,
  2 = semi,
  4 = quarterly.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @issue date, @first_interest date, or @settlement date is not valid, ACCRINT returns #NUM! error.
* The dates must be @issue < @first_interest < @settlement, or ACCRINT returns #NUM! error.
* If @rate <= 0 or @par <= 0 , ACCRINT returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, ACCRINT returns #NUM! error.
* If @issue date is after @settlement date or they are the same, ACCRINT returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=ACCRINTM

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ACCRINTM
@SYNTAX=ACCRINTM(issue,maturity,rate[,par,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=ACCRINTM calculates and returns the accrued interest for a security from @issue to @maturity date.

@issue is the issue date of the security.  @maturity is the maturity date of the security.  @rate is the annual rate of the security and @par is the par value of the security. If you omit @par, ACCRINTM applies $1,000 instead.  @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @issue date or @maturity date is not valid, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error.
* If @rate <= 0 or @par <= 0, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error.
* If @issue date is after @maturity date or they are the same, ACCRINTM returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=ACCRINT

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=AMORDEGRC
@SYNTAX=AMORDEGRC(cost,purchase_date,first_period,salvage,period,rate[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=AMORDEGRC: Calculates depreciation for each accounting period using French accounting conventions.   Assets purchased in the middle of a period take prorated depreciation into account.  This is similar to AMORLINC, except that a depreciation coefficient is applied in the calculation depending on the life of the assets.
Named for AMORtissement DEGRessif Comptabilite

@cost The value of the asset.
@purchase_date The date the asset was purchased.
@first_period The end of the first period.
@salvage Asset value at maturity.
@period The length of accounting periods.
@rate rate of depreciation as a percentage.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
AMORDEGRC(2400,DATE(1998,8,19),DATE(1998,12,30),300,1,0.14,1) = 733

@SEEALSO=AMORLINC

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=AMORLINC
@SYNTAX=AMORLINC(cost,purchase_date,first_period,salvage,period,rate[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=AMORLINC: Calculates depreciation for each accounting period using French accounting conventions.   Assets purchased in the middle of a period take prorated depreciation into account.
Named for AMORtissement LINeaire Comptabilite.

@cost The value of the asset.
@purchase_date The date the asset was purchased.
@first_period The end of the first period.
@salvage Asset value at maturity.
@period The length of accounting periods.
@rate rate of depreciation as a percentage.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
AMORLINC(2400,DATE(1998,8,19),DATE(1998,12,31),300,1,0.15,1) = 360

@SEEALSO=AMORDEGRC

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=COUPDAYBS
@SYNTAX=COUPDAYBS(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])
@DESCRIPTION=COUPDAYBS returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.
@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.
Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

(See the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases).

* If @frequency is invalid, COUPDAYBS returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
COUPDAYBS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 89
COUPDAYBS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 0

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=COUPDAYS
@SYNTAX=COUPDAYS(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])
@DESCRIPTION=COUPDAYS returns the number of days in the coupon period of the settlement date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.
@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.
Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

(See the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases).

* If @frequency is invalid, COUPDAYS returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
COUPDAYS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 90
COUPDAYS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 90
COUPDAYS (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,1,FALSE) = 91

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=COUPDAYSNC
@SYNTAX=COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])
@DESCRIPTION=COUPDAYSNC returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.
@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.
Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

(See the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases).

* If @frequency is invalid, COUPDAYSNC returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
COUPDAYSNC (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 1
COUPDAYSNC (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 89

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=COUPNCD
@SYNTAX=COUPNCD(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])
@DESCRIPTION=COUPNCD returns the coupon date following settlement.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.
@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.
Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

(See the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases).

* If @frequency is invalid, COUPNCD returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
COUPNCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 30-Nov-2002
COUPNCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 28-Feb-2003

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=COUPNUM
@SYNTAX=COUPNUM(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])
@DESCRIPTION=COUPNUM returns the numbers of coupons to be paid between the settlement and maturity dates, rounded up.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.
@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.
Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, 4, 6 or 12, COUPNUM returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 5, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
COUPNUM (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 6
COUPNUM (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 5
@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=COUPPCD
@SYNTAX=COUPPCD(settlement,maturity,frequency[,basis,eom])
@DESCRIPTION=COUPPCD returns the coupon date preceding settlement.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year.
@eom = TRUE handles end of month maturity dates special.
Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly, 6 = bimonthly, 12 = monthly.
@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

(See the gnumeric manual for a detailed description of these bases).

* If @frequency is invalid, COUPPCD returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=
COUPPCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0) = 31-Aug-2002
COUPPCD (DATE(2002,11,29),DATE(2004,2,29),4,0,FALSE) = 29-Nov-2002

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=CUM_BIV_NORM_DIST
@SYNTAX=CUM_BIV_NORM_DIST(a,b,rho)
@DESCRIPTION=CUM_BIV_NORM_DIST calculates the cumulative bivariate normal distribution from parameters a, b & rho.
The return value is the probability that two random variables with correlation @rho are respectively each less than @a and @b.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=NORMDIST,NORMSDIST,NORMSINV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=CUMIPMT
@SYNTAX=CUMIPMT(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,type)
@DESCRIPTION=CUMIPMT returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between @start_period and @end_period.

* If @rate <= 0, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.
* If @nper <= 0, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.
* If @pv <= 0, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.
* If @start_period < 1, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.
* If @end_period < @start_period, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.
* If @end_period > @nper, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.
* If @type <> 0 and @type <> 1, CUMIPMT returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=CUMPRINC
@SYNTAX=CUMPRINC(rate,nper,pv,start_period,end_period,type)
@DESCRIPTION=CUMPRINC returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between @start_period and @end_period.

* If @rate <= 0, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.
* If @nper <= 0, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.
* If @pv <= 0, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.
* If @start_period < 1, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.
* If @end_period < @start_period, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.
* If @end_period > @nper, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.
* If @type <> 0 and @type <> 1, CUMPRINC returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=DB
@SYNTAX=DB(cost,salvage,life,period[,month])
@DESCRIPTION=DB calculates the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the fixed-declining balance method.  @cost is the initial value of the asset.  @salvage is the value after the depreciation.

@life is the number of periods overall.  @period is the period for which you want the depreciation to be calculated.  @month is the number of months in the first year of depreciation.

* If @month is omitted, it is assumed to be 12.
* If @cost = 0, DB returns #NUM! error.
* If @life <= 0, DB returns #NUM! error.
* If @salvage / @cost < 0, DB returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=DDB,SLN,SYD

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=DDB
@SYNTAX=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period[,factor])
@DESCRIPTION=DDB returns the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the double-declining balance method or some other similar method you specify.

@cost is the initial value of the asset, @salvage is the value after the last period, @life is the number of periods, @period is the period for which you want the depreciation to be calculated, and @factor is the factor at which the balance declines.

* If @factor is omitted, it is assumed to be two (double-declining balance method).
* If @life <= 0, DDB returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=SLN,SYD

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=DISC
@SYNTAX=DISC(settlement,maturity,par,redemption[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=DISC calculates and returns the discount rate for a security. @settlement is the settlement date of the security.

@maturity is the maturity date of the security.  @par is the price per $100 face value of the security.  @redemption is the redemption value per $100 face value of the security.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, DISC returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, DISC returns #NUM! error.
* If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, DISC returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=DOLLARDE
@SYNTAX=DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar,fraction)
@DESCRIPTION=DOLLARDE converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction into a dollar price expressed as a decimal number.

@fractional_dollar is the fractional number to be converted. @fraction is the denominator of the fraction.

* If @fraction is non-integer it is truncated.
* If @fraction <= 0, DOLLARDE returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=DOLLARFR

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=DOLLARFR
@SYNTAX=DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar,fraction)
@DESCRIPTION=DOLLARFR converts a decimal dollar price into a dollar price expressed as a fraction.

* If @fraction is non-integer it is truncated.
* If @fraction <= 0, DOLLARFR returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=DOLLARDE

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=DURATION
@SYNTAX=DURATION(settlement,maturity,coup,yield,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=DURATION calculates the duration of a security.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.
@maturity is the maturity date of the security.
@coup The annual coupon rate as a percentage.
@yield The annualized yield of the security as a percentage.
@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, DURATION returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=G_DURATION,MDURATION

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=EFFECT
@SYNTAX=EFFECT(r,nper)
@DESCRIPTION=EFFECT calculates the effective interest rate from a given nominal rate.

Effective interest rate is calculated using this formula:

    (1 + @r / @nper) ^ @nper - 1

where:

@r = nominal interest rate (stated in yearly terms)
@nper = number of periods used for compounding

* If @rate < 0, EFFECT returns #NUM! error.
* If @nper <= 0, EFFECT returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
For example credit cards will list an APR (annual percentage rate) which is a nominal interest rate.
For example if you wanted to find out how much you are actually paying interest on your credit card that states an APR of 19% that is compounded monthly you would type in:
=EFFECT(.19,12) and you would get .2075 or 20.75%. That is the effective percentage you will pay on your loan.
@SEEALSO=NOMINAL

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=EURO
@SYNTAX=EURO(currency)
@DESCRIPTION=EURO converts one Euro to a given national currency in the European monetary union.

@currency is one of the following:

    ATS	(Austria)
    BEF	(Belgium)
    DEM	(Germany)
    ESP	(Spain)
    EUR	(Euro)
    FIM	(Finland)
    FRF	(France)
    GRD	(Greek)
    IEP	(Ireland)
    ITL	(Italy)
    LUF	(Luxembourg)
    NLG	(Netherlands)
    PTE	(Portugal)

* If the given @currency is other than one of the above, EURO returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
EURO("DEM") returns 1.95583.
@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=EUROCONVERT
@SYNTAX=EUROCONVERT(n,source,target)
@DESCRIPTION=EUROCONVERT converts the currency value @n of @source currency to a target currency @target. Both currencies are given as three-letter strings using the ISO code system names.  The following currencies are available:

    ATS	(Austria)
    BEF	(Belgium)
    DEM	(Germany)
    ESP	(Spain)
    EUR	(Euro)
    FIM	(Finland)
    FRF	(France)
    GRD	(Greek)
    IEP	(Ireland)
    ITL	(Italy)
    LUF	(Luxembourg)
    NLG	(Netherlands)
    PTE	(Portugal)

* If the given @source or @target is other than one of the above, EUROCONVERT returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
EUROCONVERT(2.1,"DEM","EUR") returns 1.07.
@SEEALSO=EURO

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=FV
@SYNTAX=FV(rate,nper,pmt[,pv,type])
@DESCRIPTION=FV computes the future value of an investment. This is based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest rate per period is @rate, @nper is the number of periods in an annuity, @pmt is the payment made each period, @pv is the present value and @type is when the payment is made.

* If @type = 1 then the payment is made at the beginning of the period.
* If @type = 0 it is made at the end of each period.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PV,PMT,PPMT

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=FVSCHEDULE
@SYNTAX=FVSCHEDULE(principal,schedule)
@DESCRIPTION=FVSCHEDULE returns the future value of given initial value after applying a series of compound periodic interest rates. The argument @principal is the present value; @schedule is an array of interest rates to apply. The @schedule argument must be a range of cells.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain interest rates 0.11, 0.13, 0.09, 0.17, and 0.03.  Then
FVSCHEDULE(3000,A1:A5) equals 4942.7911611.
@SEEALSO=PV,FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=G_DURATION
@SYNTAX=G_DURATION(rate,pv,fv)
@DESCRIPTION=G_DURATION calculates number of periods needed for an investment to attain a desired value. This function is similar to FV and PV with a difference that we do not need give the direction of cash flows e.g. -100 for a cash outflow and +100 for a cash inflow.

* If @rate <= 0, G_DURATION returns #DIV0 error.
* If @fv = 0 or @pv = 0, G_DURATION returns #DIV0 error.
* If @fv / @pv < 0, G_DURATION returns #VALUE error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PPMT,PV,FV,DURATION,MDURATION

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=INTRATE
@SYNTAX=INTRATE(settlement,maturity,investment,redemption[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=INTRATE calculates and returns the interest rate of a fully vested security.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.  @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @investment is the prize of the security paid at @settlement date and @redemption is the amount to be received at @maturity date.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, INTRATE returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, INTRATE returns #NUM! error.
* If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, INTRATE returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

If you had a bond with a settlement date of April 15, 2000, maturity date September 30, 2000, investment of $100,000, redemption value $103,525, using the actual/actual basis, the bond discount rate is:
=INTRATE(36631, 36799, 100000, 103525, 1) which equals 0.0648 or 6.48%
@SEEALSO=RECEIVED, DATE

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=IPMT
@SYNTAX=IPMT(rate,per,nper,pv[,fv,type])
@DESCRIPTION=IPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards interest.

Formula for IPMT is:

IPMT(PER) = -PRINCIPAL(PER-1) * INTEREST_RATE

where:

PRINCIPAL(PER-1) = amount of the remaining principal from last period

* If @fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.
* If @type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PPMT,PV,FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=IRR
@SYNTAX=IRR(values[,guess])
@DESCRIPTION=IRR calculates and returns the internal rate of return of an investment.  This function is closely related to the net present value function (NPV).  The IRR is the interest rate for a series of cash flows where the net preset value is zero.

@values contains the series of cash flows generated by the investment.  The payments should occur at regular intervals.  The optional @guess is the initial value used in calculating the IRR.  You do not have to use that, it is only provided for the Excel compatibility.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1:A8 contain the numbers -32432, 5324, 7432, 9332, 12324, 4334, 1235, -3422.  Then
IRR(A1:A8) returns 0.04375. 
@SEEALSO=FV,NPV,PV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ISPMT
@SYNTAX=ISPMT(rate,per,nper,pv)
@DESCRIPTION=ISPMT function returns the interest paid on a given period.

* If @per < 1 or @per > @nper, ISPMT returns #NUM! error. 
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=MDURATION
@SYNTAX=MDURATION(settlement,maturity,coupon,yield,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=MDURATION returns the Macauley duration for a security with par value 100.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  MSRB 30/360 (MSRB Rule G33 (e))
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360
  5  European+ 30/360

* If @settlement or @maturity are not valid dates, MDURATION returns #NUM! error.
* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, MDURATION returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, MSRB 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is invalid, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=DURATION,G_DURATION

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=MIRR
@SYNTAX=MIRR(values,finance_rate,reinvest_rate)
@DESCRIPTION=MIRR function returns the modified internal rate of return for a given periodic cash flow. 
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=NPV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=NOMINAL
@SYNTAX=NOMINAL(r,nper)
@DESCRIPTION=NOMINAL calculates the nominal interest rate from a given effective rate.

Nominal interest rate is given by a formula:

@nper * (( 1 + @r ) ^ (1 / @nper) - 1 )
where:

@r = effective interest rate
@nper = number of periods used for compounding

* If @rate < 0, NOMINAL returns #NUM! error.
* If @nper <= 0, NOMINAL returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=EFFECT

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=NPER
@SYNTAX=NPER(rate,pmt,pv[,fv,type])
@DESCRIPTION=NPER calculates number of periods of an investment based on periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate.

The interest rate per period is @rate, @pmt is the payment made each period, @pv is the present value, @fv is the future value and @type is when the payments are due. If @type = 1, payments are due at the beginning of the period, if @type = 0, payments are due at the end of the period.

* If @rate <= 0, NPER returns #DIV0 error.

@EXAMPLES=
For example, if you deposit $10,000 in a savings account that earns an interest rate of 6%. To calculate home many years it will take to double your investment use NPER as follows:
=NPER(0.06, 0, -10000, 20000,0)returns 11.895661046 which indicates that you can double your money just before the end of the 12th year.
@SEEALSO=PPMT,PV,FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=NPV
@SYNTAX=NPV(rate,v1,v2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=NPV calculates the net present value of an investment generating periodic payments.  @rate is the periodic interest rate and @v1, @v2, ... are the periodic payments.  If the schedule of the cash flows are not periodic use the XNPV function. 
@EXAMPLES=
NPV(0.17,-10000,3340,2941,2493,3233,1732,2932) equals 186.30673.

@SEEALSO=PV,XNPV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ODDFPRICE
@SYNTAX=ODDFPRICE(settlement,maturity,issue,first_coupon,rate,yld,redemption,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=ODDFPRICE returns the price per $100 face value of a security. The security should have an odd short or long first period.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @issue is the issue date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDFPRICE returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ODDFYIELD
@SYNTAX=ODDFYIELD(settlement,maturity,issue,first_coupon,rate,pr,redemption,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=ODDFYIELD calculates the yield of a security having an odd first period.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDFYIELD returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ODDLPRICE
@SYNTAX=ODDLPRICE(settlement,maturity,last_interest,rate,yld,redemption,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=ODDLPRICE calculates the price per $100 face value of a security that has an odd last coupon period.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDLPRICE returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=ODDLYIELD
@SYNTAX=ODDLYIELD(settlement,maturity,last_interest,rate,pr,redemption,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=ODDLYIELD calculates the yield of a security having an odd last period.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, ODDLYIELD returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_2_ASSET_CORRELATION
@SYNTAX=OPT_2_ASSSET_CORRELATION(call_put_flag,spot1,spot2,strike1,strike2,time,cost_of_carry1,cost_of_carry2,rate,volatility1,volatility2,rho)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_2_ASSET_CORRELATION models the theoretical price of  options on 2 assets with correlation @rho.
The payoff for a call is max(@spot2 - @strike2,0) if @spot1 > @strike1 or 0 otherwise.
The payoff for a put is max (@strike2 - @spot2, 0) if @spot1 < @strike1 or 0 otherwise.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot1 & @spot2 are the spot prices of the underlying assets.
@strike1 & @strike2 are the strike prices at which the option is struck.
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry1 & @cost_of_carry2 are the leakage in value of the underlying assets, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility1 & @volatility2 are the annualized volatility in price of the underlying assets.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_AMER_EXCHANGE
@SYNTAX=OPT_AMER_EXCHANGE(spot1,spot2,qty1,qty2,time,rate,cost_of_carry1,cost_of_carry2,volatility1, volatility2, rho)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_AMER_EXCHANGE models the theoretical price of an American option to exchange one asset with quantity @qty2 and spot price @spot2 for another, with quantity @qty1 and spot price @spot1.
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry1 & @cost_of_carry2 are the leakage in value of the underlying assets, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility1 & @volatility2 are the annualized volatility in price of the underlying assets.
@rho is the correlation between the two assets.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_EURO_EXCHANGE, OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BAW_AMER
@SYNTAX=OPT_BAW_AMER(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BAW_AMER models the theoretical price of an option according to the Barone Adesie & Whaley approximation. 
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@time is the number of days to maturity of the option.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BINOMIAL
@SYNTAX=OPT_BINOMIAL(amer_euro_flag,call_put_flag,num_time_steps, spot, strike, time, rate, volatility, cost_of_carry)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_ models the theoretical price of either an American or European style option using a binomial tree.
@amer_euro_flag is either 'a' or 'e' to indicate whether the option being valued is an American or European style option respectively.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@num_time_steps is the number of time steps used in the valuation, a greater number of time steps yields greater accuracy however is slower to calculate.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BJERSTENS
@SYNTAX=OPT_BJERSTENS(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BJERSTENS models the theoretical price of american options according to the Bjerksund & Stensland approximation technique.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@time is the number of days to maturity of the option.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility [,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the price of a European option using call_put_flag, @call_put_flag, 'c' or 'p' struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
@time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate.
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. 
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
* The returned value will be expressed in the same units as @strike and @spot.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_VEGA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS_CARRYCOST
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS_CARRYCOST(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS_CARRYCOST uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the 'elasticity' of a European option struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.

(The elasticity of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to its cost of carry.)

@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date.  @time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.

* The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% volatility.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS_DELTA
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS_DELTA(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS_DELTA uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the 'delta' of a European option with call_put_flag, @call_put_flag, 'c' or 'p' struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
Where @time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate.
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. 
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
* The returned value will be expressed in the same units as @strike and @spot.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_VEGA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS_GAMMA
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS_GAMMA(spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS_GAMMA uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the 'gamma' of a European option struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.

(The gamma of an option is the second derivative of its price with respect to the price of the underlying asset, and is the same for calls and puts.)

@time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
* The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of delta per unit change in @spot.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_VEGA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS_RHO
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS_RHO(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS_RHO uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the 'rho' of a European option with call_put_flag, @call_put_flag struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.

(The rho of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to the risk free interest rate.)
@time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
* The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% change in @rate.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_VEGA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS_THETA
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS_THETA(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS_THETA uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the 'theta' of a European option with call_put_flag, @call_put_flag struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.

(The theta of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to time to expiry.)

@time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years
and @rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
* The returned value will be expressed as minus the rate of change of option value, per 365.25 days.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_VEGA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_BS_VEGA
@SYNTAX=OPT_BS_VEGA(spot,strike,time,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_BS_VEGA uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the 'vega' of a European option struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
(The vega of an option is the rate of change of its price with respect to volatility, and is the same for calls and puts.)
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date.
 @time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.

* The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% volatility.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_COMPLEX_CHOOSER
@SYNTAX=OPT_COMPLEX_CHOOSER(call_put_flag,spot,strike_call,strike_put,time,time_call,time_put,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_COMPLEX_CHOOSER models the theoretical price of complex chooser options.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike_call is the strike price at which the option is struck, applicable if exercised as a call option.
@strike_put is the strike price at which the option is struck, applicable if exercised as a put option.
@time is the time in years until the holder chooses a put or a call option. 
@time_call is the time in years to maturity of the call option if chosen.
@time_put is the time in years  to maturity of the put option if chosen.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_EURO_EXCHANGE
@SYNTAX=OPT_EURO_EXCHANGE(spot1,spot2,qty1,qty2,time,rate,cost_of_carry1,cost_of_carry2,volatility1,volatility2,rho)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_EURO_EXCHANGE models the theoretical price of a European option to exchange one asset with quantity @qty2 and spot price @spot2 for another, with quantity @qty1 and spot price @spot1.
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry1 & @cost_of_carry2 are the leakage in value of the underlying assets, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility1 & @volatility2 are the annualized volatility in price of the underlying assets.
@rho is the correlation between the two assets.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_AMER_EXCHANGE, OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_EXEC
@SYNTAX=OPT_EXEC(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility,cost_of_carry,lambda)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_EXEC models the theoretical price of executive stock options @call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
One would expect this to always be a call option.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@time is the number of days to maturity of the option.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@lambda is the jump rate for executives. The model assumes executives forfeit their options if they leave the company.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_EXTENDIBLE_WRITER
@SYNTAX=OPT_EXTENDIBLE_WRITER(call_put_flag,spot,strike1,strike2,time1,time2,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_EXTENDIBLE_WRITER models the theoretical price of extendible writer options. These are options that can be exercised at an initial period, @time1, or their maturity extended to @time2 if the option is out of the money at @time1.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike1 is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@strike2 is the strike price at which the option is re-struck if out of the money at @time1.
@time1 is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@time2 is the is the extended maturity in years if chosen.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_FIXED_STRK_LKBK
@SYNTAX=OPT_FIXED_STRK_LKBK(call_put_flag,spot,spot_min,spot_max,strike,time,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_FIXED_STRK_LKBK models the theoretical price of an option where the holder of the option may exercise on expiry at the most favourable price observed during the options life of the underlying asset.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@spot_min is the minimum spot price of the underlying asset so far observed.
@spot_max is the maximum spot price of the underlying asset so far observed.
@strike is the strike prices at which the option is struck.
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_FLOAT_STRK_LKBK
@SYNTAX=OPT_FLOAT_STRK_LKBK(call_put_flag,spot,spot_min,spot_max,time,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_FLOAT_STRK_LKBK models the theoretical price of an option where the holder of the option may exercise on expiry at the most favourable price observed during the options life of the underlying asset.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@spot_min is the minimum spot price of the underlying asset so far observed.
@spot_max is the maximum spot price of the underlying asset so far observed.
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_FORWARD_START
@SYNTAX=OPT_FORWARD_START(call_put_flag,spot,alpha,time1,time,rate,volatility,cost_of_carry)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_FORWARD_START models the theoretical price of forward start options
 @call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@alpha is a fraction that set the strike price the future date @time1.
@time1 is the number of days until the option starts.
@time is the number of days to maturity of the option.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_FRENCH
@SYNTAX=OPT_FRENCH(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,t2,rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_FRENCH values the theoretical price of a European option adjusted for trading day volatility, struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date.
 @time the number of calendar days to exercise divided by calendar days in the year.
@t2 is the number of trading days to exercise divided by trading days in the year.
@rate is the risk-free interest rate.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, to the exercise date, in percent.
For common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_GARMAN_KOHLHAGEN
@SYNTAX=OPT_GARMAN_KOHLHAGEN(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,domestic_rate,foreign_rate,volatility[,cost_of_carry])
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_GARMAN_KOHLHAGEN values the theoretical price of a European currency option struck at @strike on an asset with spot price @spot.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@volatility is the annualized volatility, in percent, of the asset for the period through to the exercise date. 
@time the number of days to exercise.
@domestic_rate is the domestic risk-free interest rate to the exercise date.
@foreign_rate is the foreign risk-free interest rate to the exercise date, in percent.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
* The returned value will be expressed as the rate of change of option value, per 100% volatility.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_JUMP_DIFF
@SYNTAX=OPT_JUMP_DIFF(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time,rate,volatility,lambda,gamma)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_JUMP_DIFF models the theoretical price of an option according to the Jump Diffusion process (Merton).
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price of the option.
@time is the time to maturity of the option expressed in years.
@rate is the annualized rate of interest.
@volatility is the annualized volatility of the underlying asset.
@lambda is expected number of 'jumps' per year.
@gamma is proportion of volatility explained by the 'jumps.'

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_MILTERSEN_SCHWARTZ
@SYNTAX=OPT_MILTERSEN_SCHWARTZ(call_put_flag,p_t,f_t,x,t1,t2,v_s,v_e,v_f,rho_se,rho_sf,rho_ef,kappa_e,kappa_f)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_MILTERSEN_SCHWARTZ models the theoretical price of options on commodities futures according to Miltersen & Schwartz. 
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@p_t is a zero coupon bond with expiry at option maturity.
@f_t is is the futures price.
@x is is the strike price.
@t1 is the time to maturity of the option.
@t2 is the time to maturity of the underlying commodity futures contract.
@v_s is the volatility of the spot commodity price.
@v_e is the volatility of the future convenience yield.
@v_f is the volatility of the forward rate of interest.
@rho_se is correlation between the spot commodity price and the convenience yield.
@rho_sf is correlation between the spot commodity price and the forward interest rate.
@rho_ef is correlation between the forward interest rate and the convenience yield.
@kappa_e is the speed of mean reversion of the convenience yield.
@kappa_f is the speed of mean reversion of the forward interest rate.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_ON_OPTIONS
@SYNTAX=OPT_ON_OPTIONS(type_flag,spot,strike1,strike2,time1,time2,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_ON_OPTIONS models the theoretical price of options on options.
@type_flag is 'cc' for calls on calls, 'cp' for calls on puts, and so on for 'pc', and 'pp'.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike1 is the strike price at which the option being valued is struck.
@strike2 is the strike price at which the underlying option is struck.
@time1 is the time in years to maturity of the option.
@time2 is the time in years to the maturity of the underlying option.
(@time2 >= @time1).
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset of the underlying option.for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@volatility is the annualized volatility in price of the underlying asset of the underlying option.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_RGW
@SYNTAX=OPT_RGW(call_put_flag,spot,strike,t1,t2,rate,d,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_RGW models the theoretical price of an american option according to the Roll-Geske-Whaley approximation where: 
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@t1 is the time to the dividend payout.
@t2 is the time to option expiration.
@rate is the annualized rate of interest.
@d is the amount of the dividend to be paid.
@volatility is the annualized rate of volatility of the underlying asset.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_SIMPLE_CHOOSER
@SYNTAX=OPT_SIMPLE_CHOOSER(call_put_flag,spot,strike,time1,time2,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_SIMPLE_CHOOSER models the theoretical price of simple chooser options.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@time1 is the time in years until the holder chooses a put or a call option.
@time2 is the time in years until the the chosen option expires.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_SPREAD_APPROX
@SYNTAX=OPT_SPREAD_APPROX(call_put_flag,fut_price1,fut_price2,strike,time, rate,volatility1,volatility2,rho)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_SPREAD_APPROX models the theoretical price of a European option on the spread between two futures contracts.
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@fut_price1 & @fut_price2 are the prices of the two futures contracts.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck 
@time is the initial maturity of the option in years.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@volatility1 & @volatility2 are the annualized volatility in price of the underlying futures contracts.
@rho is the correlation between the two futures contracts.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=OPT_TIME_SWITCH
@SYNTAX=OPT_TIME_SWITCH(call_put_flag,spot,strike,a,time,m,dt,rate,cost_of_carry,volatility)
@DESCRIPTION=OPT_TIME_SWITCH models the theoretical price of time switch options. (Pechtl 1995)
The holder receives @a * @dt for each period dt that the asset price was greater than the strike price (for a call) or below it (for a put). 
@call_put_flag is 'c' or 'p' to indicate whether the option is a call or a put.
@spot is the spot price of the underlying asset.
@strike is the strike price at which the option is struck.
@a is the amount received for each time period as discussed above.
@time is the maturity of the option in years.
@m is the number of time units the option has already met the condition.
@dt is the agreed upon discrete time period (often a day) expressed as a fraction of a year.
@rate is the risk annualized free rate of interest.
@cost_of_carry is the leakage in value of the underlying asset, for common stocks, this would be the dividend yield.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=OPT_BS, OPT_BS_DELTA, OPT_BS_RHO, OPT_BS_THETA, OPT_BS_GAMMA

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=PMT
@SYNTAX=PMT(rate,nper,pv[,fv,type])
@DESCRIPTION=PMT returns the amount of payment for a loan based on a constant interest rate and constant payments (each payment is equal amount).

@rate is the constant interest rate.
@nper is the overall number of payments.
@pv is the present value.
@fv is the future value.
@type is the type of the payment: 0 means at the end of the period and 1 means at the beginning of the period.

* If @fv is omitted, Gnumeric assumes it to be zero.
* If @type is omitted, Gnumeric assumes it to be zero.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PPMT,PV,FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=PPMT
@SYNTAX=PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv[,fv,type])
@DESCRIPTION=PPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards principal.

Formula for it is:
PPMT(per) = PMT - IPMT(per)
where:

PMT = Payment received on annuity
IPMT(per) = amount of interest for period @per

* If @fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.
* If @type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=IPMT,PV,FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=PRICE
@SYNTAX=PRICE(settle,mat,rate,yield,redemption_price,[frequency,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=PRICE returns price per $100 face value of a security. This method can only be used if the security pays periodic interest.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, PRICE returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=PRICEDISC
@SYNTAX=PRICEDISC(settlement,maturity,discount,redemption[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=PRICEDISC calculates and returns the price per $100 face value of a security bond.  The security does not pay interest at maturity.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security.  @discount is the rate for which the security is discounted.  @redemption is the amount to be received on @maturity date.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, PRICEDISC returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, PRICEDISC returns #NUM! error.
* If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, PRICEDISC returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PRICEMAT

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=PRICEMAT
@SYNTAX=PRICEMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,yield[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=PRICEMAT calculates and returns the price per $100 face value of a security.  The security pays interest at maturity.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.  @maturity is the maturity date of the security.  @issue is the issue date of the security.  @rate is the discount rate of the security. @yield is the annual yield of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, PRICEMAT returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, PRICEMAT returns #NUM! error.
* If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, PRICEMAT returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PRICEDISC

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=PV
@SYNTAX=PV(rate,nper,pmt[,fv,type])
@DESCRIPTION=PV calculates the present value of an investment. @rate is the periodic interest rate, @nper is the number of periods used for compounding. @pmt is the payment made each period, @fv is the future value and @type is when the payment is made.

* If @type = 1 then the payment is made at the beginning of the period.
* If @type = 0 (or omitted) it is made at the end of each period.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=RATE
@SYNTAX=RATE(nper,pmt,pv[,fv,type,guess])
@DESCRIPTION=RATE calculates the rate of an investment.

* If @nper <= 0, RATE returns #NUM! error.
* If @type != 0 and @type != 1, RATE returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=PV,FV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=RECEIVED
@SYNTAX=RECEIVED(settlement,maturity,investment,rate[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=RECEIVED calculates and returns the amount to be received at maturity date for a security bond.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.  @maturity is the maturity date of the security.  The amount of investment is specified in @investment.  @rate is the security's discount rate.

@basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @settlement date or @maturity date is not valid, RECEIVED returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis < 0 or @basis > 4, RECEIVED returns #NUM! error.
* If @settlement date is after @maturity date or they are the same, RECEIVED returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=INTRATE

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=SLN
@SYNTAX=SLN(cost,salvage_value,life)
@DESCRIPTION=SLN function will determine the straight line depreciation of an asset for a single period.

The formula is:

Depreciation expense = ( @cost - @salvage_value ) / @life

@cost is the cost of an asset when acquired (market value).
@salvage_value is the amount you get when asset is sold at the end of the asset's useful life.
@life is the anticipated life of an asset.

* If @life <= 0, SLN returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
For example, lets suppose your company purchases a new machine for $10,000, which has a salvage value of $700 and will have a useful life of 10 years. The SLN yearly depreciation is computed as follows:
=SLN(10000, 700, 10)
This will return the yearly depreciation figure of $930.
@SEEALSO=SYD

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=SYD
@SYNTAX=SYD(cost,salvage_value,life,period)
@DESCRIPTION=SYD function calculates the sum-of-years digits depreciation for an asset based on its cost, salvage value, anticipated life and a particular period. This method accelerates the rate of the depreciation, so that more depreciation expense occurs in earlier periods than in later ones. The depreciable cost is the actual cost minus the salvage value. The useful life is the number of periods (typically years) over with the asset is depreciated.

The Formula used for sum-of-years digits depreciation is:

Depreciation expense =

	 ( @cost - @salvage_value ) * (@life - @period + 1) * 2 / @life * (@life + 1).

@cost is the cost of an asset when acquired (market value).
@salvage_value is the amount you get when asset sold at the end of its useful life.
@life is the anticipated life of an asset.
@period is the period for which we need the expense.

* If @life <= 0, SYD returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
For example say a company purchases a new computer for $5000 which has a salvage value of $200, and a useful life of five years. We would use the following to calculate the second year's depreciation using the SYD method:
=SYD(5000, 200, 5, 2) which returns 1,280.00.
@SEEALSO=SLN

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=TBILLEQ
@SYNTAX=TBILLEQ(settlement,maturity,discount)
@DESCRIPTION=TBILLEQ function returns the bond-yield equivalent (BEY) for a treasury bill.  TBILLEQ is equivalent to

	(365 * @discount) / (360 - @discount * DSM),

where DSM is the days between @settlement and @maturity.

* If @settlement is after @maturity or the @maturity is set to over one year later than the @settlement, TBILLEQ returns #NUM! error.
* If @discount is negative, TBILLEQ returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=TBILLPRICE,TBILLYIELD

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=TBILLPRICE
@SYNTAX=TBILLPRICE(settlement,maturity,discount)
@DESCRIPTION=TBILLPRICE function returns the price per $100 value for a treasury bill where @settlement is the settlement date and @maturity is the maturity date of the bill.  @discount is the treasury bill's discount rate.

* If @settlement is after @maturity or the @maturity is set to over one year later than the @settlement, TBILLPRICE returns #NUM! error.
* If @discount is negative, TBILLPRICE returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=TBILLEQ,TBILLYIELD

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=TBILLYIELD
@SYNTAX=TBILLYIELD(settlement,maturity,pr)
@DESCRIPTION=TBILLYIELD function returns the yield for a treasury bill. @settlement is the settlement date and @maturity is the maturity date of the bill.  @discount is the treasury bill's discount rate.

* If @settlement is after @maturity or the @maturity is set to over one year later than the @settlement, TBILLYIELD returns #NUM! error.
* If @pr is negative, TBILLYIELD returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=TBILLEQ,TBILLPRICE

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=VDB
@SYNTAX=VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_period,end_period[,factor,switch])
@DESCRIPTION=VDB calculates the depreciation of an asset for a given period or partial period using the double-declining balance method.

* If @start_period < 0, VDB returns #NUM! error.
* If @start_period > @end_period, VDB returns #NUM! error.
* If @end_period > @life, VDB returns #NUM! error.
* If @cost < 0, VDB returns #NUM! error.
* If @salvage > @cost, VDB returns #NUM! error.
* If @factor <= 0, VDB returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=DB

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=XIRR
@SYNTAX=XIRR(values,dates[,guess])
@DESCRIPTION=XIRR calculates and returns the internal rate of return of an investment that has not necessarily periodic payments.  This function is closely related to the net present value function (NPV and XNPV).  The XIRR is the interest rate for a series of cash flows where the XNPV is zero.

@values contains the series of cash flows generated by the investment.  @dates contains the dates of the payments.  The first date describes the payment day of the initial payment and thus all the other dates should be after this date. The optional @guess is the initial value used in calculating the XIRR.  You do not have to use that, it is only provided for the Excel compatibility.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1:A5 contain the numbers -6000, 2134, 1422, 1933, and 1422, and the cells B1:B5 contain the dates "1999-01-15", "1999-04-04", "1999-05-09", "2000-03-12", and "2000-05-1". Then
XIRR(A1:A5,B1:B5) returns 0.224838. 
@SEEALSO=IRR,XNPV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=XNPV
@SYNTAX=XNPV(rate,values,dates)
@DESCRIPTION=XNPV calculates the net present value of an investment.  The schedule of the cash flows is given in @dates array.  The first date indicates the beginning of the payment schedule.  @rate is the interest rate and @values are the payments.

* If @values and @dates contain unequal number of values, XNPV returns the #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=NPV,PV

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=YIELD
@SYNTAX=YIELD(settlement,maturity,rate,price,redemption_price,frequency[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=YIELD returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest.

@frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. Allowed frequencies are: 1 = annual, 2 = semi, 4 = quarterly. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, YIELD returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=YIELDDISC
@SYNTAX=YIELDDISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=YIELDDISC calculates the annual yield of a security that is discounted.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security.  @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @pr is the price per $100 face value of the security. @redemption is the redemption value per $100 face value. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @frequency is other than 1, 2, or 4, YIELDDISC returns #NUM! error.
* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Finance
@FUNCTION=YIELDMAT
@SYNTAX=YIELDMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,pr[,basis])
@DESCRIPTION=YIELDMAT calculates the annual yield of a security for which the interest is payed at maturity date.

@settlement is the settlement date of the security. @maturity is the maturity date of the security. @issue is the issue date of the security. @rate is the interest rate set to the security. @pr is the price per $100 face value of the security. @basis is the type of day counting system you want to use:

  0  US 30/360
  1  actual days/actual days
  2  actual days/360
  3  actual days/365
  4  European 30/360

* If @basis is omitted, US 30/360 is applied.
* If @basis is not in between 0 and 4, #NUM! error is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Gnumeric
@FUNCTION=GNUMERIC_VERSION
@SYNTAX=GNUMERIC_VERSION()
@DESCRIPTION=GNUMERIC_VERSION returns the version of gnumeric as a string.
@EXAMPLES=
GNUMERIC_VERSION().

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=CELL
@SYNTAX=CELL(type,ref)
@DESCRIPTION=CELL returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.

@type specifies the type of information you want to obtain:

  address    	Returns the given cell reference as text.
  col        		Returns the number of the column in @ref.
  contents   	Returns the contents of the cell in @ref.
  format     		Returns the code of the format of the cell.
  parentheses	Returns 1 if @ref contains a negative value
             		and its format displays it with parentheses.
  row        		Returns the number of the row in @ref.
  width      		Returns the column width.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Cell("format",A1) returns the code of the format of the cell A1.

@SEEALSO=INDIRECT

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=COUNTBLANK
@SYNTAX=COUNTBLANK(range)
@DESCRIPTION=COUNTBLANK returns the number of blank cells in a @range.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
COUNTBLANK(A1:A20) returns the number of blank cell in A1:A20.

@SEEALSO=COUNT

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ERROR
@SYNTAX=ERROR(text)
@DESCRIPTION=ERROR return the specified error.

@EXAMPLES=
ERROR("#OWN ERROR").

@SEEALSO=ISERROR

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ERROR.TYPE
@SYNTAX=ERROR.TYPE(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ERROR.TYPE returns an error number corresponding to the given error value.  The error numbers for error values are:

	#DIV/0!  		2
	#VALUE!  	3
	#REF!    		4
	#NAME?   	5
	#NUM!    		6
	#N/A     		7

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ERROR.TYPE(NA()) equals 7.

@SEEALSO=ISERROR

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=EXPRESSION
@SYNTAX=EXPRESSION(cell)
@DESCRIPTION=EXPRESSION returns expression in @cell as a string, or empty if the cell is not an expression.
@EXAMPLES=
entering '=EXPRESSION(A3)' in A2 = empty (assuming there is nothing in A3).
entering '=EXPRESSION(A2)' in A1 = 'EXPRESSION(A3)'.

@SEEALSO=TEXT

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=GETENV
@SYNTAX=GETENV(string)
@DESCRIPTION=GETENV retrieves a value from the execution environment.

* If the variable specified by @string does not exist, #N/A! will be returned.  Note, that variable names are case sensitive.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=INFO
@SYNTAX=INFO(type)
@DESCRIPTION=INFO returns information about the current operating environment. 

@type is the type of information you want to obtain:

  memavail 	Returns the amount of memory available, bytes.
  memused  	Returns the amount of memory used (bytes).
  numfile  		Returns the number of active worksheets.
  osversion		Returns the operating system version.
  recalc   		Returns the recalculation mode (automatic).
  release  		Returns the version of Gnumeric as text.
  system   		Returns the name of the environment.
  totmem   		Returns the amount of total memory available.

* This function is Excel compatible, except that types directory and origin are not implemented.

@EXAMPLES=
INFO("system") returns "Linux" on a Linux system.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISBLANK
@SYNTAX=ISBLANK(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISBLANK returns TRUE if the value is blank.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISBLANK(A1).

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISERR
@SYNTAX=ISERR(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISERR returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A.

* This function is Excel compatible. 
@EXAMPLES=
ISERR(NA()) return FALSE.

@SEEALSO=ISERROR

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISERROR
@SYNTAX=ISERROR(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISERROR returns a TRUE value if the expression has an error.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISERROR(NA()) equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=ERROR

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISEVEN
@SYNTAX=ISEVEN(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISEVEN returns TRUE if the number is even.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISEVEN(4) equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=ISODD

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISLOGICAL
@SYNTAX=ISLOGICAL(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISLOGICAL returns TRUE if the value is a logical value.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISLOGICAL(A1).

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISNA
@SYNTAX=ISNA(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISNA returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISNA(NA()) equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=NA

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISNONTEXT
@SYNTAX=ISNONTEXT(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISNONTEXT Returns TRUE if the value is not text.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISNONTEXT("text") equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=ISTEXT

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISNUMBER
@SYNTAX=ISNUMBER(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISNUMBER returns TRUE if the value is a number.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISNUMBER("text") equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISODD
@SYNTAX=ISODD(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISODD returns TRUE if the number is odd.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISODD(3) equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=ISEVEN

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISREF
@SYNTAX=ISREF(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISREF returns TRUE if the value is a reference.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISREF(A1) equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=ISTEXT
@SYNTAX=ISTEXT(value)
@DESCRIPTION=ISTEXT returns TRUE if the value is text.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ISTEXT("text") equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=ISNONTEXT

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=N
@SYNTAX=N(value)
@DESCRIPTION=N returns a value converted to a number.  Strings containing text are converted to the zero value.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
N("42") equals 42.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=NA
@SYNTAX=NA()
@DESCRIPTION=NA returns the error value #N/A.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NA() equals #N/A error.

@SEEALSO=ISNA

@CATEGORY=Information
@FUNCTION=TYPE
@SYNTAX=TYPE(value)
@DESCRIPTION=TYPE returns a number indicating the data type of a value.

1  == number
2  == text
4  == boolean
16 == error
64 == array
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TYPE(3) equals 1.
TYPE("text") equals 2.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=AND
@SYNTAX=AND(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=AND implements the logical AND function: the result is TRUE if all of the expressions evaluate to TRUE, otherwise it returns FALSE.

@b1 trough @bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.  If an integer or floating point value is provided, zero is considered FALSE and anything else is TRUE.

* If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
* If no logical values are provided, then the error #VALUE! is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
AND(TRUE,TRUE) equals TRUE.
AND(TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.

Let us assume that A1 holds number five and A2 number one.  Then
AND(A1>3,A2<2) equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=OR, NOT

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=FALSE
@SYNTAX=FALSE()
@DESCRIPTION=FALSE returns boolean value false.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FALSE() equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=TRUE

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=IF
@SYNTAX=IF(condition[,if-true,if-false])
@DESCRIPTION=IF function can be used to evaluate conditionally other expressions. IF evaluates @condition.  If @condition returns a non-zero value the result of the IF expression is the @if-true expression, otherwise IF evaluates to the value of @if-false.

* If omitted @if-true defaults to TRUE and @if-false to FALSE.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
IF(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=NOT
@SYNTAX=NOT(number)
@DESCRIPTION=NOT implements the logical NOT function: the result is TRUE if the @number is zero;  otherwise the result is FALSE.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NOT(0) equals TRUE.
NOT(TRUE) equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=AND, OR

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=OR
@SYNTAX=OR(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=OR implements the logical OR function: the result is TRUE if any of the values evaluated to TRUE.

@b1 trough @bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. If an integer or floating point value is provided, zero is considered FALSE and anything else is TRUE.

* If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
* If no logical values are provided, then the error #VALUE! is returned.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
OR(TRUE,FALSE) equals TRUE.
OR(3>4,4<3) equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=AND, NOT

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=TRUE
@SYNTAX=TRUE()
@DESCRIPTION=TRUE returns boolean value true.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TRUE() equals TRUE.

@SEEALSO=FALSE

@CATEGORY=Logic
@FUNCTION=XOR
@SYNTAX=XOR(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=XOR implements the logical exclusive OR function: the result is TRUE if an odd number of the values evaluated to TRUE.

@b1 trough @bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. If an integer or floating point value is provided, zero is considered FALSE and anything else is TRUE.

* If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
* If no logical values are provided, then the error #VALUE! is returned.
@EXAMPLES=
XOR(TRUE,FALSE) equals TRUE.
XOR(3>4,4<3) equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=OR, AND, NOT

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=ADDRESS
@SYNTAX=ADDRESS(row_num,col_num[,abs_num,a1,text])
@DESCRIPTION=ADDRESS returns a cell address as text for specified row and column numbers.

@a1 is a logical value that specifies the reference style.  If @a1 is TRUE or omitted, ADDRESS returns an A1-style reference, i.e. $D$4.  Otherwise ADDRESS returns an R1C1-style reference, i.e. R4C4.

@text specifies the name of the worksheet to be used as the external reference.

* If @abs_num is 1 or omitted, ADDRESS returns absolute reference.
* If @abs_num is 2 ADDRESS returns absolute row and relative column.
* If @abs_num is 3 ADDRESS returns relative row and absolute column.
* If @abs_num is 4 ADDRESS returns relative reference.
* If @abs_num is greater than 4 ADDRESS returns #VALUE! error.
* If @row_num or @col_num is less than one, ADDRESS returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
ADDRESS(5,4) equals "$D$5".
ADDRESS(5,4,4) equals "D5".
ADDRESS(5,4,3,FALSE) equals "R[5]C4".

@SEEALSO=COLUMNNUMBER

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=AREAS
@SYNTAX=AREAS(reference)
@DESCRIPTION=AREAS returns the number of areas in @reference. 

@EXAMPLES=
AREAS((A1,B2,C3)) equals 3.

@SEEALSO=ADDRESS,INDEX,INDIRECT,OFFSET

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=CHOOSE
@SYNTAX=CHOOSE(index[,value1][,value2]...)
@DESCRIPTION=CHOOSE returns the value of index @index. @index is rounded to an integer if it is not.

* If @index < 1 or @index > number of values, CHOOSE returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
CHOOSE(3,"Apple","Orange","Grape","Perry") equals "Grape".

@SEEALSO=IF

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=COLUMN
@SYNTAX=COLUMN([reference])
@DESCRIPTION=COLUMN function returns the column number of the current cell unless @reference is given. In that case, it returns an array of the column numbers of all cells in @reference. 
* If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range, COLUMN returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
COLUMN() in E1 equals 5.

@SEEALSO=COLUMNS,ROW,ROWS

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=COLUMNNUMBER
@SYNTAX=COLUMNNUMBER(name)
@DESCRIPTION=COLUMNNUMBER function returns an integer corresponding to the column name supplied as a string.

* If @name is invalid, COLUMNNUMBER returns the #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
COLUMNNUMBER("E") equals 5.

@SEEALSO=ADDRESS

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=COLUMNS
@SYNTAX=COLUMNS(reference)
@DESCRIPTION=COLUMNS function returns the number of columns in area or array reference.

* If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range, COLUMNS returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
COLUMNS(H2:J3) equals 3.

@SEEALSO=COLUMN,ROW,ROWS

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=HLOOKUP
@SYNTAX=HLOOKUP(value,range,row[,approximate,as_index])
@DESCRIPTION=HLOOKUP function finds the col in range that has a first row cell similar to @value.  If @approximate is not true it finds the col with an exact equivalence.  If @approximate is true, then the values must be sorted in order of ascending value for correct function; in this case it finds the col with value less than @value it returns the value in the col found at a 1-based offset in @row rows into the @range.  @as_index returns the 0-based offset that matched rather than the value.

* HLOOKUP returns #NUM! if @row < 0.
* HLOOKUP returns #REF! if @row falls outside @range.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=VLOOKUP

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=HYPERLINK
@SYNTAX=HYPERLINK(link_location[,optional_label])
@DESCRIPTION=HYPERLINK function currently returns its 2nd argument, or if that is omitted the 1st argument.

@EXAMPLES=
HYPERLINK("www.gnome.org","GNOME").

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=INDEX
@SYNTAX=INDEX(array[,row, col, area])
@DESCRIPTION=INDEX gives a reference to a cell in the given @array.The cell is pointed out by @row and @col, which count the rows and columns in the array.

* If @row and @col are omitted the are assumed to be 1.
* If the reference falls outside the range of the @array, INDEX returns a #REF! error.

@EXAMPLES=Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then INDEX(A1:A5,4,1,1) equals 25.9

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=INDIRECT
@SYNTAX=INDIRECT(ref_text[,format])
@DESCRIPTION=INDIRECT function returns the contents of the cell pointed to by the @ref_text string. The string specifies a single cell reference the format of which is either A1 or R1C1 style. The style is set by the @format boolean, which defaults to the A1 style.

* If @ref_text is not a valid reference returns #REF! 
@EXAMPLES=
If A1 contains 3.14 and A2 contains A1, then
INDIRECT(A2) equals 3.14.

@SEEALSO=AREAS,INDEX,CELL

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=LOOKUP
@SYNTAX=LOOKUP(value,vector1[,vector2])
@DESCRIPTION=LOOKUP function finds the row index of @value in @vector1 and returns the contents of @vector2 at that row index. Alternatively a single array can be used for @vector1. If the area is longer than it is wide then the sense of the search is rotated. 

* If LOOKUP can't find @value it uses the largest value less than @value.
* The data must be sorted.
* If @value is smaller than the first value it returns #N/A.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=VLOOKUP,HLOOKUP

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=MATCH
@SYNTAX=MATCH(seek,vector[,type])
@DESCRIPTION=MATCH function finds the row index of @seek in @vector and returns it.

If the area is longer than it is wide then the sense of the search is rotated. Alternatively a single array can be used.

* The @type parameter, which defaults to +1, controls the search:
* If @type = 1, MATCH finds largest value <= @seek.
* If @type = 0, MATCH finds first value == @seek.
* If @type = -1, MATCH finds smallest value >= @seek.
* For @type = 0, the data can be in any order.  * For @type = -1 and @type = +1, the data must be sorted.  (And in these cases, MATCH uses a binary search to locate the index.)
* If @seek could not be found, #N/A is returned.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=LOOKUP

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=OFFSET
@SYNTAX=OFFSET(range,row,col[,height[,width]])
@DESCRIPTION=OFFSET function returns a cell range. The cell range starts at offset (@row,@col) from @range, and is of height @height and width @width.

* If @range is neither a reference nor a range, OFFSET returns #VALUE!.
* If either @height or @width is omitted, the height or width of the reference is used.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=COLUMN,COLUMNS,ROWS,INDEX,INDIRECT,ADDRESS

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=ROW
@SYNTAX=ROW([reference])
@DESCRIPTION=ROW function returns an array of the row numbers taking a default argument of the containing cell position.

* If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range, ROW returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
ROW() in G13 equals 13.

@SEEALSO=COLUMN,COLUMNS,ROWS

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=ROWS
@SYNTAX=ROWS(reference)
@DESCRIPTION=ROWS function returns the number of rows in area or array reference.

* If @reference is neither an array nor a reference nor a range, ROWS returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
ROWS(H7:I13) equals 7.

@SEEALSO=COLUMN,COLUMNS,ROW

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=TRANSPOSE
@SYNTAX=TRANSPOSE(matrix)
@DESCRIPTION=TRANSPOSE function returns the transpose of the input @matrix.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=MMULT

@CATEGORY=Lookup
@FUNCTION=VLOOKUP
@SYNTAX=VLOOKUP(value,range,column[,approximate,as_index])
@DESCRIPTION=VLOOKUP function finds the row in range that has a first column similar to @value.  If @approximate is not true it finds the row with an exact equivalence.  If @approximate is true, then the values must be sorted in order of ascending value for correct function; in this case it finds the row with value less than @value.  It returns the value in the row found at a 1-based offset in @column columns into the @range.  @as_index returns the 0-based offset that matched rather than the value.

* VLOOKUP returns #NUM! if @column < 0.
* VLOOKUP returns #REF! if @column falls outside @range.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=HLOOKUP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ABS
@SYNTAX=ABS(b1)
@DESCRIPTION=ABS implements the Absolute Value function:  the result is to drop the negative sign (if present).  This can be done for integers and floating point numbers.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ABS(7) equals 7.
ABS(-3.14) equals 3.14.

@SEEALSO=CEIL, CEILING, FLOOR, INT, MOD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ACOS
@SYNTAX=ACOS(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ACOS function calculates the arc cosine of @x; that is the value whose cosine is @x.

* The value it returns is in radians.
* If @x falls outside the range -1 to 1, ACOS returns the #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ACOS(0.1) equals 1.470629.
ACOS(-0.1) equals 1.670964.

@SEEALSO=COS, SIN, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ACOSH
@SYNTAX=ACOSH(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ACOSH  function  calculates  the inverse hyperbolic cosine of @x; that is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is @x.

* If @x is less than 1.0, ACOSH() returns the #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
ACOSH(2) equals 1.31696.
ACOSH(5.3) equals 2.35183.

@SEEALSO=ACOS, ASINH, DEGREES, RADIANS 

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ASIN
@SYNTAX=ASIN(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ASIN function calculates the arc sine of @x; that is the value whose sine is @x.

* If @x falls outside the range -1 to 1, ASIN returns the #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ASIN(0.5) equals 0.523599.
ASIN(1) equals 1.570797.

@SEEALSO=SIN, COS, ASINH, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ASINH
@SYNTAX=ASINH(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ASINH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of @x; that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is @x.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ASINH(0.5) equals 0.481212.
ASINH(1.0) equals 0.881374.

@SEEALSO=ASIN, ACOSH, SIN, COS, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ATAN
@SYNTAX=ATAN(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ATAN function calculates the arc tangent of @x; that is the value whose tangent is @x.

* Return value is in radians.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ATAN(0.5) equals 0,463648.
ATAN(1) equals 0,785398.

@SEEALSO=TAN, COS, SIN, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ATAN2
@SYNTAX=ATAN2(b1,b2)
@DESCRIPTION=ATAN2 function calculates the arc tangent of the two variables @b1 and @b2.  It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of @b2 / @b1, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result.

* The result is in radians.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ATAN2(0.5,1.0) equals 1.107149.
ATAN2(-0.5,2.0) equals 1.815775.

@SEEALSO=ATAN, ATANH, COS, SIN, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ATANH
@SYNTAX=ATANH(x)
@DESCRIPTION=ATANH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of @x; that is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is @x.

* If the absolute value of @x is greater than 1.0, ATANH returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ATANH(0.5) equals 0.549306.
ATANH(0.8) equals 1.098612.

@SEEALSO=ATAN, TAN, SIN, COS, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=BETA
@SYNTAX=BETA(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=BETA function returns the value of the mathematic beta function extended to all real numbers except 0 and negative integers.

* If @a, @b, or (@a + @b) are non-positive integers, BETA returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
BETA(2,3) equals 0.083333.
BETA(-0.5,0.5) equals #NUM!.

@SEEALSO=BETALN,GAMMALN

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=BETALN
@SYNTAX=BETALN(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=BETALN function returns the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the beta function.

* If @a, @b, or (@a + @b) are non-positive integers, BETALN returns #NUM! 
@EXAMPLES=
BETALN(2,3) equals -2.48.
BETALN(-0.5,0.5) equals #NUM!.

@SEEALSO=BETA,GAMMALN

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=CEIL
@SYNTAX=CEIL(x)
@DESCRIPTION=CEIL function rounds @x up to the next nearest integer.


@EXAMPLES=
CEIL(0.4) equals 1.
CEIL(-1.1) equals -1.
CEIL(-2.9) equals -2.

@SEEALSO=CEILING, FLOOR, ABS, INT, MOD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=CEILING
@SYNTAX=CEILING(x,significance)
@DESCRIPTION=CEILING function rounds @x up to the nearest multiple of @significance.

* If @x or @significance is non-numeric CEILING returns #VALUE! error.
* If @x and @significance have different signs CEILING returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CEILING(2.43,1) equals 3.
CEILING(123.123,3) equals 126.

@SEEALSO=CEIL, FLOOR, ABS, INT, MOD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=COMBIN
@SYNTAX=COMBIN(n,k)
@DESCRIPTION=COMBIN computes the number of combinations.

* Performing this function on a non-integer or a negative number returns #NUM! error.
* If @n is less than @k COMBIN returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
COMBIN(8,6) equals 28.
COMBIN(6,2) equals 15.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=COS
@SYNTAX=COS(x)
@DESCRIPTION=COS function returns the cosine of @x, where @x is given in radians.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
COS(0.5) equals 0.877583.
COS(1) equals 0.540302.

@SEEALSO=COSH, SIN, SINH, TAN, TANH, RADIANS, DEGREES

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=COSH
@SYNTAX=COSH(x)
@DESCRIPTION=COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of @x, which is defined mathematically as

	(exp(@x) + exp(-@x)) / 2.

* @x is in radians.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
COSH(0.5) equals 1.127626.
COSH(1) equals 1.543081.

@SEEALSO=COS, SIN, SINH, TAN, TANH, RADIANS, DEGREES, EXP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=COUNTIF
@SYNTAX=COUNTIF(range,criteria)
@DESCRIPTION=COUNTIF function counts the number of cells in the given @range that meet the given @criteria.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27, 28, 33, and 39.  Then
COUNTIF(A1:A5,"<=28") equals 3.
COUNTIF(A1:A5,"<28") equals 2.
COUNTIF(A1:A5,"28") equals 1.
COUNTIF(A1:A5,">28") equals 2.

@SEEALSO=COUNT,SUMIF

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=DEGREES
@SYNTAX=DEGREES(x)
@DESCRIPTION=DEGREES computes the number of degrees equivalent to @x radians.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DEGREES(2.5) equals 143.2394.

@SEEALSO=RADIANS, PI

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=EVEN
@SYNTAX=EVEN(number)
@DESCRIPTION=EVEN function returns the number rounded up to the nearest even integer.  Negative numbers are rounded down.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
EVEN(5.4) equals 6.
EVEN(-5.4) equals -6.

@SEEALSO=ODD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=EXP
@SYNTAX=EXP(x)
@DESCRIPTION=EXP computes the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of @x.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
EXP(2) equals 7.389056.

@SEEALSO=LOG, LOG2, LOG10

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=EXPM1
@SYNTAX=EXPM1(x)
@DESCRIPTION=EXPM1 computes EXP(@x)-1 with higher resulting precision than the direct formula.

@EXAMPLES=
EXPM1(0.01) equals 0.01005.

@SEEALSO=EXP, LN1P

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=FACT
@SYNTAX=FACT(x)
@DESCRIPTION=FACT computes the factorial of @x. ie, @x!

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FACT(3) equals 6.
FACT(9) equals 362880.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=FACTDOUBLE
@SYNTAX=FACTDOUBLE(number)
@DESCRIPTION=FACTDOUBLE function returns the double factorial of a @number, i.e., x!!.

* If @number is not an integer, it is truncated.
* If @number is negative FACTDOUBLE returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
FACTDOUBLE(5) equals 15.

@SEEALSO=FACT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=FIB
@SYNTAX=FIB(number)
@DESCRIPTION=FIB function computes Fibonacci numbers.

* If @number is not an integer, it is truncated.
* If @number is negative or zero FIB returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
FIB(12) equals 144.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=FLOOR
@SYNTAX=FLOOR(x[,significance])
@DESCRIPTION=FLOOR function rounds @x down to the next nearest multiple of @significance.

* @significance defaults to 1.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FLOOR(0.5) equals 0.
FLOOR(5,2) equals 4.
FLOOR(-5,-2) equals -4.
FLOOR(-5,2) equals #NUM!.

@SEEALSO=CEIL, CEILING, ABS, INT, MOD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=G_PRODUCT
@SYNTAX=G_PRODUCT(value1, value2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=G_PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

* Empty cells are ignored and the empty product is 1.

@EXAMPLES=
G_PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.

@SEEALSO=SUM, COUNT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=GCD
@SYNTAX=GCD(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=GCD returns the greatest common divisor of given numbers.

* If any of the arguments is less than one, GCD returns #NUM! error.
* If any of the arguments is non-integer, it is truncated.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
GCD(470,770) equals 10.
GCD(470,770,1495) equals 5.

@SEEALSO=LCM

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=HYPOT
@SYNTAX=HYPOT(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=HYPOT returns the square root of the sum of the squares of the arguments.

@EXAMPLES=
HYPOT(3,4) equals to 5.

@SEEALSO=MIN,MAX

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=INT
@SYNTAX=INT(a)
@DESCRIPTION=INT function returns the largest integer that is not bigger than its argument.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
INT(7.2) equals 7.
INT(-5.5) equals -6.

@SEEALSO=CEIL, CEILING, FLOOR, ABS, MOD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=LCM
@SYNTAX=LCM(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=LCM returns the least common multiple of integers.  The least common multiple is the smallest positive number that is a multiple of all integer arguments given.

* If any of the arguments is less than one, LCM returns #NUM!.
* If any of the arguments is non-integer, it is truncated.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LCM(2,13) equals to 26.
LCM(4,7,5) equals to 140.

@SEEALSO=GCD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=LN
@SYNTAX=LN(x)
@DESCRIPTION=LN returns the natural logarithm of @x.

* If @x <= 0, LN returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LN(7) equals 1.94591.

@SEEALSO=EXP, LOG2, LOG10

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=LN1P
@SYNTAX=LN1P(x)
@DESCRIPTION=LN1P computes LN(1+@x) with higher resulting precision than the direct formula.

* If @x <= -1, LN1P returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
LN1P(0.01) equals 0.00995.

@SEEALSO=LN, EXPM1

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=LOG
@SYNTAX=LOG(x[,base])
@DESCRIPTION=LOG computes the logarithm of @x in the given base @base.  If no @base is given LOG returns the logarithm in base 10. @base must be > 0. and cannot equal 1.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LOG(2) equals 0.30103.
LOG(8192,2) equals 13.

@SEEALSO=LN, LOG2, LOG10

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=LOG10
@SYNTAX=LOG10(x)
@DESCRIPTION=LOG10 computes the base-10 logarithm of @x.

* If @x <= 0, LOG10 returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
LOG10(7) equals 0.845098.

@SEEALSO=EXP, LOG2, LOG

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=LOG2
@SYNTAX=LOG2(x)
@DESCRIPTION=LOG2 computes the base-2 logarithm of @x.

* If @x <= 0, LOG2 returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
LOG2(1024) equals 10.

@SEEALSO=EXP, LOG10, LOG

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=MDETERM
@SYNTAX=MDETERM(matrix)
@DESCRIPTION=MDETERM function returns the determinant of a given matrix.

* If the @matrix does not contain equal number of columns and rows, MDETERM returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that A1, ..., A4 contain numbers 2, 3, 7, and 3, B1, ..., B4 4, 2, 4, and 1, C1, ..., C4 9, 4, 3, and 2, and D1, ..., D4 7, 3, 6, and 5. Then
MDETERM(A1:D4) equals 148.

@SEEALSO=MMULT, MINVERSE

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=MINVERSE
@SYNTAX=MINVERSE(matrix)
@DESCRIPTION=MINVERSE function returns the inverse matrix of @matrix.

* If @matrix cannot be inverted, MINVERSE returns #NUM! error.
* If @matrix does not contain equal number of columns and rows, MINVERSE returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=MMULT, MDETERM

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=MMULT
@SYNTAX=MMULT(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=MMULT function returns the matrix product of two arrays. The result is an array with the same number of rows as @array1 and the same number of columns as @array2.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=TRANSPOSE,MINVERSE

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=MOD
@SYNTAX=MOD(number,divisor)
@DESCRIPTION=MOD function returns the remainder when @divisor is divided into @number.

* MOD returns #DIV/0! if @divisor is zero.
* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
MOD(23,7) equals 2.

@SEEALSO=CEIL, CEILING, FLOOR, ABS, INT, ABS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=MROUND
@SYNTAX=MROUND(number,multiple)
@DESCRIPTION=MROUND function rounds a given number to the desired multiple.

@number is the number you want rounded and @multiple is the the multiple to which you want to round the number.

* If @number and @multiple have different sign, MROUND returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
MROUND(1.7,0.2) equals 1.8.
MROUND(321.123,0.12) equals 321.12.

@SEEALSO=ROUNDDOWN,ROUND,ROUNDUP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=MULTINOMIAL
@SYNTAX=MULTINOMIAL(value1, value2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=MULTINOMIAL returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum of values to the product of factorials.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
MULTINOMIAL(2,3,4) equals 1260.

@SEEALSO=SUM

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ODD
@SYNTAX=ODD(number)
@DESCRIPTION=ODD function returns the @number rounded up to the nearest odd integer.  Negative numbers are rounded down.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
ODD(4.4) equals 5.
ODD(-4.4) equals -5.

@SEEALSO=EVEN

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=PI
@SYNTAX=PI()
@DESCRIPTION=PI functions returns the value of pi.

* This function is called with no arguments.
* This function is Excel compatible, except that it returns pi with a better precision.

@EXAMPLES=
PI() equals about 3.141593.

@SEEALSO=SQRTPI

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=POWER
@SYNTAX=POWER(x,y)
@DESCRIPTION=POWER returns the value of @x raised to the power @y.


* If both @x and @y equals to 0, POWER returns #NUM! error.
* If @x = 0 and @y < 0, POWER returns #DIV/0! error.
* If @x < 0 and @y is non-integer, POWER returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
POWER(2,7) equals 128.
POWER(3,3.141) equals 31.523749.

@SEEALSO=EXP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=PRODUCT
@SYNTAX=PRODUCT(value1, value2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

* This function is Excel compatible.  In particular, this means that if all cells are empty, the result will be 0.

@EXAMPLES=
PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.

@SEEALSO=SUM, COUNT, G_PRODUCT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=QUOTIENT
@SYNTAX=QUOTIENT(numerator,denominator)
@DESCRIPTION=QUOTIENT function returns the integer portion of a division.  @numerator is the divided number and @denominator is the divisor.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
QUOTIENT(23,5) equals 4.

@SEEALSO=MOD

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=RADIANS
@SYNTAX=RADIANS(x)
@DESCRIPTION=RADIANS computes the number of radians equivalent to @x degrees.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
RADIANS(180) equals 3.14159.

@SEEALSO=PI,DEGREES

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ROMAN
@SYNTAX=ROMAN(number[,type])
@DESCRIPTION=ROMAN function returns an arabic number in the roman numeral style, as text. @number is the number you want to convert and @type is the type of roman numeral you want.

* If @type is 0 or it is omitted, ROMAN returns classic roman numbers.
* Type 1 is more concise than classic type, type 2 is more concise than type 1, and type 3 is more concise than type 2.  Type 4 is simplified type.
* If @number is negative or greater than 3999, ROMAN returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ROMAN(999) equals CMXCIX.
ROMAN(999,1) equals LMVLIV.
ROMAN(999,2) equals XMIX.
ROMAN(999,3) equals VMIV.
ROMAN(999,4) equals IM.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ROUND
@SYNTAX=ROUND(number[,digits])
@DESCRIPTION=ROUND function rounds a given number.

@number is the number you want rounded and @digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number.

* If @digits is greater than zero, @number is rounded to the given number of digits.
* If @digits is zero or omitted, @number is rounded to the nearest integer.
* If @digits is less than zero, @number is rounded to the left of the decimal point.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ROUND(5.5) equals 6.
ROUND(-3.3) equals -3.
ROUND(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.
ROUND(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.

@SEEALSO=ROUNDDOWN,ROUNDUP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ROUNDDOWN
@SYNTAX=ROUNDDOWN(number[,digits])
@DESCRIPTION=ROUNDDOWN function rounds a given @number down. @number is the number you want rounded down and @digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number.

* If @digits is greater than zero, @number is rounded down to the given number of digits.
* If @digits is zero or omitted, @number is rounded down to the nearest integer.
* If @digits is less than zero, @number is rounded down to the left of the decimal point.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ROUNDDOWN(5.5) equals 5.
ROUNDDOWN(-3.3) equals -4.
ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,1) equals 1501.1.
ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.

@SEEALSO=ROUND,ROUNDUP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=ROUNDUP
@SYNTAX=ROUNDUP(number[,digits])
@DESCRIPTION=ROUNDUP function rounds a given number up.

@number is the number you want rounded up and @digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number.

* If @digits is greater than zero, @number is rounded up to the given number of digits.
* If @digits is zero or omitted, @number is rounded up to the nearest integer.
* If @digits is less than zero, @number is rounded up to the left of the decimal point.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
ROUNDUP(5.5) equals 6.
ROUNDUP(-3.3) equals -3.
ROUNDUP(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.
ROUNDUP(1501.15,-2) equals 1600.0.

@SEEALSO=ROUND,ROUNDDOWN

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SERIESSUM
@SYNTAX=SERIESSUM(x,n,m,coefficients)
@DESCRIPTION=SERIESSUM function returns the sum of a power series.  @x is the base of the power series, @n is the initial power to raise @x, @m is the increment to the power for each term in the series, and @coefficients are the coefficients by which each successive power of @x is multiplied.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 1.23, 2.32, 2.98, 3.42, and 4.33.  Then
SERIESSUM(3,1,2.23,A1:A5) equals 251416.43018.

@SEEALSO=COUNT,SUM

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SIGN
@SYNTAX=SIGN(number)
@DESCRIPTION=SIGN function returns 1 if the @number is positive, zero if the @number is 0, and -1 if the @number is negative.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
SIGN(3) equals 1.
SIGN(-3) equals -1.
SIGN(0) equals 0.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SIN
@SYNTAX=SIN(x)
@DESCRIPTION=SIN function returns the sine of @x, where @x is given in radians.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SIN(0.5) equals 0.479426.

@SEEALSO=COS, COSH, SINH, TAN, TANH, RADIANS, DEGREES

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SINH
@SYNTAX=SINH(x)
@DESCRIPTION=SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of @x, which is defined mathematically as

	(exp(@x) - exp(-@x)) / 2.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SINH(0.5) equals 0.521095.

@SEEALSO=SIN, COS, COSH, TAN, TANH, DEGREES, RADIANS, EXP

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SQRT
@SYNTAX=SQRT(x)
@DESCRIPTION=SQRT function returns the square root of @x.

* If @x is negative, SQRT returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SQRT(2) equals 1.4142136.

@SEEALSO=POWER

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SQRTPI
@SYNTAX=SQRTPI(number)
@DESCRIPTION=SQRTPI function returns the square root of a @number multiplied by pi.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SQRTPI(2) equals 2.506628275.

@SEEALSO=PI

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUM
@SYNTAX=SUM(value1, value2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=SUM computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

* This function is Excel compatible.
@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43.  Then
SUM(A1:A5) equals 107.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE, COUNT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMA
@SYNTAX=SUMA(value1, value2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=SUMA computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.  Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too.  If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43.  Then
SUMA(A1:A5) equals 107.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE, SUM, COUNT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMIF
@SYNTAX=SUMIF(range,criteria[,actual_range])
@DESCRIPTION=SUMIF function sums the values in the given @range that meet the given @criteria.  If @actual_range is given, SUMIF sums the values in the @actual_range whose corresponding components in @range meet the given @criteria.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27, 28, 33, and 39.  Then
SUMIF(A1:A5,"<=28") equals 78.
SUMIF(A1:A5,"<28") equals 50.
In addition, if the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 5, 3, 2, 6, and 7 then:
SUMIF(A1:A5,"<=27",B1:B5) equals 8.

@SEEALSO=COUNTIF, SUM

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMPRODUCT
@SYNTAX=SUMPRODUCT(range1,range2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=SUMPRODUCT function multiplies corresponding data entries in the given arrays or ranges, and then returns the sum of those products.  If an array entry is not numeric, the value zero is used instead.

* If arrays or range arguments do not have the same dimensions, SUMPRODUCT returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39.  Then
SUMPRODUCT(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 3370.

@SEEALSO=SUM,PRODUCT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMSQ
@SYNTAX=SUMSQ(value1, value2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=SUMSQ returns the sum of the squares of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43.  Then
SUMSQ(A1:A5) equals 2925.

@SEEALSO=SUM, COUNT

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMX2MY2
@SYNTAX=SUMX2MY2(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=SUMX2MY2 function returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays. @array1 is the first array or range of data points and @array2 is the second array or range of data points. The equation of SUMX2MY2 is SUM (x^2-y^2).

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If @array1 and @array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2MY2 returns #N/A error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39.  Then
SUMX2MY2(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals -1299.

@SEEALSO=SUMSQ,SUMX2PY2

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMX2PY2
@SYNTAX=SUMX2PY2(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=SUMX2PY2 function returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays. @array1 is the first array or range of data points and @array2 is the second array or range of data points. The equation of SUMX2PY2 is SUM (x^2+y^2).

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If @array1 and @array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2PY2 returns #N/A error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39.  Then
SUMX2PY2(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 7149.

@SEEALSO=SUMSQ,SUMX2MY2

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=SUMXMY2
@SYNTAX=SUMXMY2(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=SUMXMY2 function returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays. @array1 is the first array or range of data points and @array2 is the second array or range of data points. The equation of SUMXMY2 is SUM (x-y)^2.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If @array1 and @array2 have different number of data points, SUMXMY2 returns #N/A error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15, 17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31, 33, and 39.  Then
SUMXMY2(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 409.

@SEEALSO=SUMSQ,SUMX2MY2,SUMX2PY2

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=TAN
@SYNTAX=TAN(x)
@DESCRIPTION=TAN function returns the tangent of @x, where @x is given in radians.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TAN(3) equals -0.1425465.

@SEEALSO=TANH, COS, COSH, SIN, SINH, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=TANH
@SYNTAX=TANH(x)
@DESCRIPTION=TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of @x, which is defined mathematically as 

	sinh(@x) / cosh(@x).

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TANH(2) equals 0.96402758.

@SEEALSO=TAN, SIN, SINH, COS, COSH, DEGREES, RADIANS

@CATEGORY=Mathematics
@FUNCTION=TRUNC
@SYNTAX=TRUNC(number[,digits])
@DESCRIPTION=TRUNC function returns the value of @number truncated to the number of digits specified.

* If @digits is omitted or negative then @digits defaults to zero.
* If @digits is not an integer, it is truncated.
* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
TRUNC(3.12) equals 3.
TRUNC(4.15,1) equals 4.1.

@SEEALSO=INT

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=ISPRIME
@SYNTAX=ISPRIME(i)
@DESCRIPTION=ISPRIME function returns TRUE if @i is prime and FALSE otherwise.

@SEEALSO=ITHPRIME, NT_D, NT_SIGMA

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=ITHPRIME
@SYNTAX=ITHPRIME(i)
@DESCRIPTION=ITHPRIME function returns the @ith prime.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=NT_D, NT_SIGMA

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=NT_D
@SYNTAX=NT_D(n)
@DESCRIPTION=NT_D function calculates the number of divisors of @n.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=ITHPRIME, NT_PHI, NT_SIGMA

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=NT_MU
@SYNTAX=NT_MU(n)
@DESCRIPTION=NT_MU function (Möbius mu function) returns 
0  if @n is divisible by the square of a prime .
Otherwise it returns: 

  -1 if @n has an odd  number of different prime factors .
   1  if @n has an even number of different prime factors .

* If @n = 1 NT_MU returns 1.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=NT_D, ITHPRIME, NT_PHI

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=NT_PHI
@SYNTAX=NT_PHI(n)
@DESCRIPTION=NT_PHI function calculates the number of integers less than or equal to @n that are relatively prime to @n.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=NT_D, ITHPRIME, NT_SIGMA

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=NT_PI
@SYNTAX=NT_PI(n)
@DESCRIPTION=NT_PI function returns the number of primes less than or equal to @n.

@SEEALSO=ITHPRIME, NT_PHI, NT_D, NT_SIGMA

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=NT_SIGMA
@SYNTAX=NT_SIGMA(n)
@DESCRIPTION=NT_SIGMA function calculates the sum of the divisors of @n.

@EXAMPLES=
@SEEALSO=NT_D, ITHPRIME, NT_PHI

@CATEGORY=Number Theory
@FUNCTION=PFACTOR
@SYNTAX=PFACTOR(n)
@DESCRIPTION=PFACTOR function returns the smallest prime factor of its argument.

The argument must be at least 2, or else a #VALUE! error is returned.

@SEEALSO=ITHPRIME

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RAND
@SYNTAX=RAND()
@DESCRIPTION=RAND returns a random number between zero and one.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
RAND() returns a random number greater than zero but less than one.

@SEEALSO=RANDBETWEEN

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDBERNOULLI
@SYNTAX=RANDBERNOULLI(p)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDBERNOULLI returns a Bernoulli-distributed random number.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 RANDBERNOULLI returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDBERNOULLI(0.5).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDBETWEEN

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDBETA
@SYNTAX=RANDBETA(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDBETA returns a Beta-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDBETA(1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDGAMMA

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDBETWEEN
@SYNTAX=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,top)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDBETWEEN function returns a random integer number between and including @bottom and @top.

* If @bottom or @top is non-integer, they are truncated.
* If @bottom > @top, RANDBETWEEN returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDBETWEEN(3,7).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDUNIFORM

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDBINOM
@SYNTAX=RANDBINOM(p,trials)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDBINOM returns a binomially-distributed random number.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 RANDBINOM returns #NUM! error.
* If @trials < 0 RANDBINOM returns #NUM! error. 
@EXAMPLES=
RANDBINOM(0.5,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDBETWEEN

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDCAUCHY
@SYNTAX=RANDCAUCHY(a)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDCAUCHY returns a Cauchy-distributed random number with scale parameter a. The Cauchy distribution is also known as the Lorentz distribution.

* If @a < 0 RANDCAUCHY returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDCAUCHY(1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDCHISQ
@SYNTAX=RANDCHISQ(nu)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDCHISQ returns a Chi-Square-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDCHISQ(0.5).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDGAMMA

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDDISCRETE
@SYNTAX=RANDDISCRETE(val_range[,prob_range])
@DESCRIPTION=RANDDISCRETE returns one of the values in the @val_range. The probabilities for each value are given in the @prob_range.

* If @prob_range is omitted, the uniform discrete distribution is assumed.
* If the sum of all values in @prob_range is other than one, RANDDISCRETE returns #NUM! error.
* If @val_range and @prob_range are not the same size, RANDDISCRETE returns #NUM! error.
* If @val_range or @prob_range is not a range, RANDDISCRETE returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDDISCRETE(A1:A6) returns one of the values in the range A1:A6.

@SEEALSO=RANDBETWEEN,RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDEXP
@SYNTAX=RANDEXP(b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDEXP returns a exponentially-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDEXP(0.5).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDBETWEEN

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDEXPPOW
@SYNTAX=RANDEXPPOW(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDEXPPOW returns a random variate from the exponential power distribution with scale parameter @a and exponent @b. The distribution is,

	p(x) dx = {1 over 2 a Gamma(1+1/b)} exp(-|x/a|^b) dx, for x >= 0.

* For @b = 1 this reduces to the Laplace distribution.
* For @b = 2 it has the same form as a normal distribution with sigma = a/sqrt(2).

@EXAMPLES=
RANDEXPPOW(0.5,0.1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDFDIST
@SYNTAX=RANDFDIST(nu1,nu2)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDFDIST returns a F-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDFDIST(1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDGAMMA

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDGAMMA
@SYNTAX=RANDGAMMA(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDGAMMA returns a Gamma-distributed random number.

* If @a <= 0 RANDGAMMA returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDGAMMA(1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDGEOM
@SYNTAX=RANDGEOM(p)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDGEOM returns a geometric-distributed random number. The number of independent trials with probability @p until the first success. The probability distribution for geometric variates is, 

	p(k) =  p (1-p)^(k-1), for k >= 1.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 RANDGEOM returns #NUM! error. 
@EXAMPLES=
RANDGEOM(0.4).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDGUMBEL
@SYNTAX=RANDGUMBEL(a,b[,type])
@DESCRIPTION=RANDGUMBEL returns a Type I or Type II Gumbel-distributed random number. @type is either 1 or 2 and specifies the type of the distribution (Type I or Type II).

* If @type is neither 1 nor 2, RANDGUMBEL returns #NUM! error.
* If @type is omitted, Type I is assumed.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDGUMBEL(0.5,1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDHYPERG
@SYNTAX=RANDHYPERG(n1,n2,t)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDHYPERG returns a hypergeometric-distributed random number. The probability distribution for hypergeometric random variates is,

	p(k) =  C(n_1,k) C(n_2, t-k) / C(n_1 + n_2,k), 

where C(a,b) = a!/(b!(a-b)!). 

The domain of k is max(0,t-n_2), ..., max(t,n_1).
@EXAMPLES=
RANDHYPERG(21,1,9).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDLANDAU
@SYNTAX=RANDLANDAU()
@DESCRIPTION=RANDLANDAU returns a random variate from the Landau distribution. The probability distribution for Landau random variates is defined analytically by the complex integral,

	p(x) = (1/(2 pi i)) int_{c-i infty}^{c+i infty} ds exp(s log(s) + x s).

For numerical purposes it is more convenient to use the following equivalent form of the integral,

	p(x) = (1/pi) int_0^ infty dt exp(-t log(t) - x t) sin(pi t).

@EXAMPLES=
RANDLANDAU().

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDLAPLACE
@SYNTAX=RANDLAPLACE(a)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDLAPLACE returns a Laplace-distributed random number. Laplace distribution is also known as two-sided exponential probability distribution.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDLAPLACE(1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDLEVY
@SYNTAX=RANDLEVY(c,alpha[,beta])
@DESCRIPTION=RANDLEVY returns a Levy-distributed random number. If @beta is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.

* For @alpha = 1, @beta=0, we get the Lorentz distribution.
* For @alpha = 2, @beta=0, we get the normal distribution.

* If @alpha <= 0 or @alpha > 2, RANDLEVY returns #NUM! error.
* If @beta < -1 or @beta > 1, RANDLEVY returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDLEVY(0.5,0.1,1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDLOG
@SYNTAX=RANDLOG(p)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDLOG returns a logarithmic-distributed random number.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 RANDLOG returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDLOG(0.72).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDLOGISTIC
@SYNTAX=RANDLOGISTIC(a)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDLOGISTIC returns a logistic-distributed random number.  The distribution function is,

	p(x) dx = { exp(-x/a) over a (1 + exp(-x/a))^2 } dx for -infty < x < +infty.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDLOGISTIC(1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDLOGNORM
@SYNTAX=RANDLOGNORM(zeta,sigma)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDLOGNORM returns a lognormal-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDLOGNORM(1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDNEGBINOM
@SYNTAX=RANDNEGBINOM(p,failures)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDNEGBINOM returns a negative binomially-distributed random number.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1, RANDNEGBINOM returns #NUM! error.
* If @failures < 1, RANDNEGBINOM returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDNEGBINOM(0.5,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDBETWEEN

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDNORM
@SYNTAX=RANDNORM(mean,stdev)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDNORM returns a normal-distributed random number.

* If @stdev < 0 RANDNORM returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDNORM(0,1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDNORMTAIL
@SYNTAX=RANDNORMTAIL(a,sigma)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDNORMTAIL returns a random variates from the upper tail of a normal distribution with standard deviation @sigma. The values returned are larger than the lower limit @a, which must be positive. The method is based on Marsaglia's famous rectangle-wedge-tail algorithm (Ann Math Stat 32, 894-899 (1961)), with this aspect explained in Knuth, v2, 3rd ed, p139, 586 (exercise 11).

The probability distribution for normal tail random variates is,

	p(x) dx = {1 over N(a;sigma)} exp (- x^2/(2 sigma^2)) dx,

for x > a where N(a;sigma) is the normalization constant, N(a;sigma) = (1/2) erfc(a / sqrt(2 sigma^2)).

@EXAMPLES=
RANDNORMTAIL(0.5,0.1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDPARETO
@SYNTAX=RANDPARETO(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDPARETO returns a Pareto-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDPARETO(1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDPOISSON
@SYNTAX=RANDPOISSON(lambda)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDPOISSON returns a Poisson-distributed random number.

* If @lambda < 0 RANDPOISSON returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDPOISSON(3).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDBETWEEN

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDRAYLEIGH
@SYNTAX=RANDRAYLEIGH(sigma)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDRAYLEIGH returns a Rayleigh-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDRAYLEIGH(1).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDRAYLEIGHTAIL
@SYNTAX=RANDRAYLEIGHTAIL(a,sigma)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDRAYLEIGHTAIL returns  a random variate from the tail of the Rayleigh distribution with scale parameter sigma and a lower limit of a. The distribution is,

	p(x) dx = {x over sigma^2} exp ((a^2 - x^2) /(2 sigma^2)) dx,

for x > a.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDRAYLEIGHTAIL(0.3,1).

@SEEALSO=RAND,RANDRAYLEIGH

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDTDIST
@SYNTAX=RANDTDIST(nu)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDTDIST returns a T-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDTDIST(0.5).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDUNIFORM
@SYNTAX=RANDUNIFORM(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDUNIFORM returns a random variate from the uniform (flat) distribution from a to b. The distribution is,

	p(x) dx = {1 over (b-a)} dx : for a <= x < b.
p(x) dx = 0 : for x < a or b <= x.
* If @a > @b RANDUNIFORM returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDUNIFORM(1.4,4.2) returns a random number greater than or equal to 1.4 but less than 4.2.

@SEEALSO=RANDBETWEEN,RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=RANDWEIBULL
@SYNTAX=RANDWEIBULL(a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=RANDWEIBULL returns a Weibull-distributed random number.

@EXAMPLES=
RANDWEIBULL(1,2).

@SEEALSO=RAND

@CATEGORY=Random Numbers
@FUNCTION=SIMTABLE
@SYNTAX=SIMTABLE(d1, d2, ..., dN)
@DESCRIPTION=SIMTABLE returns one of the values in the given argument list depending on the round number of the simulation tool. When the simulation tool is not activated, SIMTABLE returns @d1.

With the simulation tool and the SIMTABLE function you can test given decision variables. Each SIMTABLE function contains the possible values of a simulation variable. In most valid simulation models you should have the same number of values @dN for all decision variables.  If the simulation is run more rounds than there are values defined, SIMTABLE returns #N/A! error (e.g. if A1 contains `=SIMTABLE(1)' and A2 `=SIMTABLE(1,2)', A1 yields #N/A! error on the second round).

The successive use of the simulation tool also requires that you give to the tool at least one input variable having RAND() or any other RAND<distribution name>() function in it. On each round, the simulation tool iterates for the given number of rounds over all the input variables to reevaluate them. On each iteration, the values of the output variables are stored, and when the round is completed, descriptive statistical information is created according to the values.

@EXAMPLES=
SIMTABLE(TRUE,FALSE) returns TRUE on the first simulation round and FALSE on the second round.
SIMTABLE(223,225,227,229) returns 227 on the simulation round #3.

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=AVEDEV
@SYNTAX=AVEDEV(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=AVEDEV returns the average of the absolute deviations of a data set from their mean.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
AVEDEV(A1:A5) equals 7.84.

@SEEALSO=STDEV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=AVERAGE
@SYNTAX=AVERAGE(value1, value2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=AVERAGE computes the average of all the values and cells referenced in the argument list.  This is equivalent to the sum of the arguments divided by the count of the arguments.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
AVERAGE(A1:A5) equals 23.2.

@SEEALSO=SUM, COUNT

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=AVERAGEA
@SYNTAX=AVERAGEA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=AVERAGEA returns the average of the given arguments.  Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
AVERAGEA(A1:A5) equals 18.94.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=BERNOULLI
@SYNTAX=BERNOULLI(k,p)
@DESCRIPTION=BERNOULLI returns the probability p(k) of obtaining @k from a Bernoulli distribution with probability parameter @p.

* If @k != 0 and @k != 1 BERNOULLI returns #NUM! error.
* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 BERNOULLI returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
BERNOULLI(0,0.5).

@SEEALSO=RANDBERNOULLI

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=BETADIST
@SYNTAX=BETADIST(x,alpha,beta[,a,b])
@DESCRIPTION=BETADIST function returns the cumulative beta distribution. @a is the optional lower bound of @x and @b is the optional upper bound of @x.
* If @a is not given, BETADIST uses 0.
* If @b is not given, BETADIST uses 1.
* If @x < @a or @x > @b BETADIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0, BETADIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @a >= @b BETADIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BETADIST(0.12,2,3) equals 0.07319808.

@SEEALSO=BETAINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=BETAINV
@SYNTAX=BETAINV(p,alpha,beta[,a,b])
@DESCRIPTION=BETAINV function returns the inverse of cumulative beta distribution.  @a is the optional lower bound of @x and @b is the optional upper bound of @x.

* If @a is not given, BETAINV uses 0.
* If @b is not given, BETAINV uses 1.
* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 BETAINV returns #NUM! error.
* If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0, BETAINV returns #NUM! error.
* If @a >= @b BETAINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BETAINV(0.45,1.6,1) equals 0.607096629.

@SEEALSO=BETADIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=BINOMDIST
@SYNTAX=BINOMDIST(n,trials,p,cumulative)
@DESCRIPTION=BINOMDIST function returns the binomial distribution. @n is the number of successes, @trials is the total number of independent trials, @p is the probability of success in trials, and @cumulative describes whether to return the sum of the binomial function from 0 to @n.

* If @n or @trials are non-integer they are truncated.
* If @n < 0 or @trials < 0 BINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @n > @trials BINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 BINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
BINOMDIST(3,5,0.8,0) equals 0.2048.

@SEEALSO=POISSON

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CAUCHY
@SYNTAX=CAUCHY(x,a,cum)
@DESCRIPTION=CAUCHY returns the Cauchy distribution with scale parameter @a. If @cum is TRUE, CAUCHY returns the cumulative distribution.

* If @a < 0 CAUCHY returns #NUM! error.
* If @cum != TRUE and @cum != FALSE CAUCHY returns #VALUE! error.

@EXAMPLES=
CAUCHY(0.43,1,TRUE) returns 0.370735.

@SEEALSO=RANDCAUCHY

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CHIDIST
@SYNTAX=CHIDIST(x,dof)
@DESCRIPTION=CHIDIST function returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. @dof is the number of degrees of freedom.

* If @dof is non-integer it is truncated.
* If @dof < 1 CHIDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CHIDIST(5.3,2) equals 0.070651213.

@SEEALSO=CHIINV,CHITEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CHIINV
@SYNTAX=CHIINV(p,dof)
@DESCRIPTION=CHIINV function returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @dof < 1 CHIINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CHIINV(0.98,7) equals 1.564293004.

@SEEALSO=CHIDIST,CHITEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CHITEST
@SYNTAX=CHITEST(actual_range,theoretical_range)
@DESCRIPTION=CHITEST function returns the test for independence of chi-squared distribution.

@actual_range is a range that contains the observed data points. @theoretical_range is a range that contains the expected values of the data points.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=CHIDIST,CHIINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CONFIDENCE
@SYNTAX=CONFIDENCE(x,stddev,size)
@DESCRIPTION=CONFIDENCE function returns the confidence interval for a mean. @x is the significance level, @stddev is the population standard deviation, and @size is the size of the sample.

* If @size is non-integer it is truncated.
* If @size < 0 CONFIDENCE returns #NUM! error.
* If @size is 0 CONFIDENCE returns #DIV/0! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CONFIDENCE(0.05,1,33) equals 0.341185936.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CORREL
@SYNTAX=CORREL(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=CORREL returns the correlation coefficient of two data sets.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
CORREL(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 0.996124788.

@SEEALSO=COVAR,FISHER,FISHERINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=COUNT
@SYNTAX=COUNT(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=COUNT returns the total number of integer or floating point arguments passed.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
COUNT(A1:A5) equals 5.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=COUNTA
@SYNTAX=COUNTA(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=COUNTA returns the number of arguments passed not including empty cells.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, "missing", "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
COUNTA(A1:A5) equals 5.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,COUNT,DCOUNT,DCOUNTA,PRODUCT,SUM

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=COVAR
@SYNTAX=COVAR(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=COVAR returns the covariance of two data sets.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
COVAR(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 65.858.

@SEEALSO=CORREL,FISHER,FISHERINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CRITBINOM
@SYNTAX=CRITBINOM(trials,p,alpha)
@DESCRIPTION=CRITBINOM function returns the smallest value for which the cumulative is greater than or equal to a given value. @n is the number of trials, @p is the probability of success in trials, and @alpha is the criterion value.

* If @trials is a non-integer it is truncated.
* If @trials < 0 CRITBINOM returns #NUM! error.
* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 CRITBINOM returns #NUM! error.
* If @alpha < 0 or @alpha > 1 CRITBINOM returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CRITBINOM(10,0.5,0.75) equals 6.

@SEEALSO=BINOMDIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=CRONBACH
@SYNTAX=CRONBACH(ref1,ref2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=CRONBACH returns Cronbach's alpha for the given cases.
@ref1 is a data set, @ref2 the second data set, etc..
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=DEVSQ
@SYNTAX=DEVSQ(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=DEVSQ returns the sum of squares of deviations of a data set from the sample mean.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
DEVSQ(A1:A5) equals 470.56.

@SEEALSO=STDEV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=EXPONDIST
@SYNTAX=EXPONDIST(x,y,cumulative)
@DESCRIPTION=EXPONDIST function returns the exponential distribution. If the @cumulative boolean is false it will return:

	@y * exp (-@y*@x),

otherwise it will return

	1 - exp (-@y*@x).

* If @x < 0 or @y <= 0 this will return an error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
EXPONDIST(2,4,0) equals 0.001341851.

@SEEALSO=POISSON

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=EXPPOWDIST
@SYNTAX=EXPPOWDIST(x,a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=EXPPOWDIST returns the probability density p(x) at @x for Exponential Power distribution with scale parameter @a and exponent @b.

@EXAMPLES=
EXPPOWDIST(0.4,1,2).

@SEEALSO=RANDEXPPOW

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FDIST
@SYNTAX=FDIST(x,dof1,dof2)
@DESCRIPTION=FDIST function returns the F probability distribution. @dof1 is the numerator degrees of freedom and @dof2 is the denominator degrees of freedom.

* If @x < 0 FDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @dof1 < 1 or @dof2 < 1, FDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FDIST(2,5,5) equals 0.232511319.

@SEEALSO=FINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FINV
@SYNTAX=FINV(p,dof1,dof2)
@DESCRIPTION=FINV function returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 FINV returns #NUM! error.
* If @dof1 < 1 or @dof2 < 1 FINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FINV(0.2,2,4) equals 2.472135955.

@SEEALSO=FDIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FISHER
@SYNTAX=FISHER(x)
@DESCRIPTION=FISHER function returns the Fisher transformation at @x.

* If @x is not a number, FISHER returns #VALUE! error.
* If @x <= -1 or @x >= 1, FISHER returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FISHER(0.332) equals 0.345074339.

@SEEALSO=SKEW

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FISHERINV
@SYNTAX=FISHERINV(x)
@DESCRIPTION=FISHERINV function returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation at @x.

* If @x is non-number FISHERINV returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FISHERINV(2) equals 0.96402758.

@SEEALSO=FISHER

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FORECAST
@SYNTAX=FORECAST(x,known_y's,known_x's)
@DESCRIPTION=FORECAST function estimates a future value according to existing values using simple linear regression.  The estimated future value is a y-value for a given x-value (@x).

* If @known_x or @known_y contains no data entries or different number of data entries, FORECAST returns #N/A error.
* If the variance of the @known_x is zero, FORECAST returns #DIV/0 error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
FORECAST(7,A1:A5,B1:B5) equals -10.859397661.

@SEEALSO=INTERCEPT,TREND

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FREQUENCY
@SYNTAX=FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_array)
@DESCRIPTION=FREQUENCY function counts how often given values occur within a range of values.  The results are given as an array.

@data_array is a data array for which you want to count the frequencies.  @bin_array is an array containing the intervals into which you want to group the values in data_array.  If the @bin_array is empty, FREQUENCY returns the number of data points in @data_array.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=FTEST
@SYNTAX=FTEST(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=FTEST function returns the two-tailed probability that the variances in the given two data sets are not significantly different.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
FTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 0.510815017.

@SEEALSO=FDIST,FINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=GAMMADIST
@SYNTAX=GAMMADIST(x,alpha,beta,cum)
@DESCRIPTION=GAMMADIST function returns the gamma distribution. If @cum is TRUE, GAMMADIST returns the incomplete gamma function, otherwise it returns the probability mass function.

* If @x < 0 GAMMADIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0, GAMMADIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
GAMMADIST(1,2,3,0) equals 0.07961459.

@SEEALSO=GAMMAINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=GAMMAINV
@SYNTAX=GAMMAINV(p,alpha,beta)
@DESCRIPTION=GAMMAINV function returns the inverse of the cumulative gamma distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 GAMMAINV returns #NUM! error.
* If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0 GAMMAINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
GAMMAINV(0.34,2,4) equals 4.829093908.

@SEEALSO=GAMMADIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=GAMMALN
@SYNTAX=GAMMALN(x)
@DESCRIPTION=GAMMALN function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.

* If @x is non-number then GAMMALN returns #VALUE! error.
* If @x <= 0 then GAMMALN returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
GAMMALN(23) equals 48.471181352.

@SEEALSO=POISSON

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=GEOMDIST
@SYNTAX=GEOMDIST(k,p,cum)
@DESCRIPTION=GEOMDIST returns the probability p(k) of obtaining @k from a geometric distribution with probability parameter @p.

* If @k < 0 GEOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 GEOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @cum != TRUE and @cum != FALSE GEOMDIST returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
GEOMDIST(2,10.4,TRUE).

@SEEALSO=RANDGEOM

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=GEOMEAN
@SYNTAX=GEOMEAN(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=GEOMEAN returns the geometric mean of the given arguments. This is equal to the Nth root of the product of the terms.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
GEOMEAN(A1:A5) equals 21.279182482.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,HARMEAN,MEDIAN,MODE,TRIMMEAN

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=GROWTH
@SYNTAX=GROWTH(known_y's[,known_x's,new_x's,const])
@DESCRIPTION=GROWTH function applies the ``least squares'' method to fit an exponential curve to your data and predicts the exponential growth by using this curve. 
GROWTH returns an array having one column and a row for each data point in @new_x.

* If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used.
* If @new_x's is omitted, it is assumed to be the same as @known_x's.
* If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, GROWTH returns #NUM! error.
* If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through the origin, i.e., b will be zero. The default is TRUE.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=LOGEST,GROWTH,TREND

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=HARMEAN
@SYNTAX=HARMEAN(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=HARMEAN returns the harmonic mean of the N data points (that is, N divided by the sum of the inverses of the data points).

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
HARMEAN(A1:A5) equals 19.529814427.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,GEOMEAN,MEDIAN,MODE,TRIMMEAN

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=HYPGEOMDIST
@SYNTAX=HYPGEOMDIST(x,n,M,N[,cumulative])
@DESCRIPTION=HYPGEOMDIST function returns the hypergeometric distribution. @x is the number of successes in the sample, @n is the number of trials, @M is the number of successes overall, and @N is the population size.

If the optional argument @cumulative is TRUE, the cumulative left tail will be returned.

* If @x,@n,@M or @N is a non-integer it is truncated.
* If @x,@n,@M or @N < 0 HYPGEOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @x > @M or @n > @N HYPGEOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
HYPGEOMDIST(1,2,3,10) equals 0.4666667.

@SEEALSO=BINOMDIST,POISSON

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=INTERCEPT
@SYNTAX=INTERCEPT(known_y's,known_x's)
@DESCRIPTION=INTERCEPT function calculates the point where the linear regression line intersects the y-axis.

* If @known_x or @known_y contains no data entries or different number of data entries, INTERCEPT returns #N/A error.
* If the variance of the @known_x is zero, INTERCEPT returns #DIV/0 error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
INTERCEPT(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals -20.785117212.

@SEEALSO=FORECAST,TREND

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=KURT
@SYNTAX=KURT(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=KURT returns an unbiased estimate of the kurtosis of a data set.
Note, that this is only meaningful if the underlying distribution really has a fourth moment.  The kurtosis is offset by three such that a normal distribution will have zero kurtosis.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If fewer than four numbers are given or all of them are equal KURT returns #DIV/0! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
KURT(A1:A5) equals 1.234546305.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,VAR,SKEW,KURTP

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=KURTP
@SYNTAX=KURTP(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=KURTP returns the population kurtosis of a data set.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If fewer than two numbers are given or all of them are equal KURTP returns #DIV/0! error.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
KURTP(A1:A5) equals -0.691363424.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,VARP,SKEWP,KURT

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LANDAU
@SYNTAX=LANDAU(x)
@DESCRIPTION=LANDAU returns the probability density p(x) at @x for the Landau distribution using an approximation method. 
@EXAMPLES=
LANDAU(0.34).

@SEEALSO=RANDLANDAU

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LAPLACE
@SYNTAX=LAPLACE(x,a)
@DESCRIPTION=LAPLACE returns the probability density p(x) at @x for Laplace distribution with mean @a. 
@EXAMPLES=
LAPLACE(0.4,1).

@SEEALSO=RANDLAPLACE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LARGE
@SYNTAX=LARGE(n1, n2, ..., k)
@DESCRIPTION=LARGE returns the k-th largest value in a data set.

* If data set is empty LARGE returns #NUM! error.
* If @k <= 0 or @k is greater than the number of data items given LARGE returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
LARGE(A1:A5,2) equals 25.9.
LARGE(A1:A5,4) equals 17.3.

@SEEALSO=PERCENTILE,PERCENTRANK,QUARTILE,SMALL

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LINEST
@SYNTAX=LINEST(known_y's[,known_x's[,const[,stat]]])
@DESCRIPTION=LINEST function calculates the ``least squares'' line that best fit to your data in @known_y's.  @known_x's contains the corresponding x's where y=mx+b.

LINEST returns an array having two columns and one row.  The slope (m) of the regression line y=mx+b is given in the first column and the y-intercept (b) in the second.

If @stat is TRUE, extra statistical information will be returned. Extra statistical information is written bellow the regression line coefficients in the result array.  Extra statistical information consists of four rows of data.  In the first row the standard error values for the coefficients m1, (m2, ...), b are represented.  The second row contains the square of R and the standard error for the y estimate.  The third row contains the F-observed value and the degrees of freedom.  The last row contains the regression sum of squares and the residual sum of squares.

* If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used.
* If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, LINEST returns #NUM! error.
* If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through the origin, i.e., b will be zero. The default is TRUE.
* The default of @stat is FALSE.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=LOGEST,TREND

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LOGEST
@SYNTAX=LOGEST(known_y's[,known_x's,const,stat])
@DESCRIPTION=LOGEST function applies the ``least squares'' method to fit an exponential curve of the form

	y = b * m{1}^x{1} * m{2}^x{2}... to your data.

If @stat is TRUE, extra statistical information will be returned. Extra statistical information is written bellow the regression line coefficients in the result array.  Extra statistical information consists of four rows of data.  In the first row the standard error values for the coefficients m1, (m2, ...), b are represented.  The second row contains the square of R and the standard error for the y estimate.  The third row contains the F-observed value and the degrees of freedom.  The last row contains the regression sum of squares and the residual sum of squares.

* If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used. LOGEST returns an array { m{n},m{n-1}, ...,m{1},b }.
* If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, LOGEST returns #NUM! error.
* If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through (0,1),i.e., b will be one.  The default is TRUE.
* The default of @stat is FALSE.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=GROWTH,TREND

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LOGFIT
@SYNTAX=LOGFIT(known_y's,known_x's)
@DESCRIPTION=LOGFIT function applies the ``least squares'' method to fit the logarithmic equation
y = a + b * ln(sign * (x - c)) ,   sign = +1 or -1 
to your data. The graph of the equation is a logarithmic curve moved horizontally by c and possibly mirrored across the y-axis (if sign = -1).

LOGFIT returns an array having five columns and one row. `Sign' is given in the first column, `a', `b', and `c' are given in columns 2 to 4. Column 5 holds the sum of squared residuals.

An error is returned when there are less than 3 different x's or y's, or when the shape of the point cloud is too different from a ``logarithmic'' one.

You can use the above formula 
= a + b * ln(sign * (x - c)) 
or rearrange it to 
= (exp((y - a) / b)) / sign + c 
to compute unknown y's or x's, respectively. 

Technically, this is non-linear fitting by trial-and-error. The accuracy of `c' is: width of x-range -> rounded to the next smaller (10^integer), times 0.000001. There might be cases in which the returned fit is not the best possible.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=LOGREG,LINEST,LOGEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LOGINV
@SYNTAX=LOGINV(p,mean,stddev)
@DESCRIPTION=LOGINV function returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution. @p is the given probability corresponding to the normal distribution, @mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and @stddev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @stddev <= 0 LOGINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LOGINV(0.5,2,3) equals 7.389056099.

@SEEALSO=EXP,LN,LOG,LOG10,LOGNORMDIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LOGISTIC
@SYNTAX=LOGISTIC(x,a)
@DESCRIPTION=LOGISTIC returns the probability density p(x) at @x for a logistic distribution with scale parameter @a.

@EXAMPLES=
LOGISTIC(0.4,1).

@SEEALSO=RANDLOGISTIC

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LOGNORMDIST
@SYNTAX=LOGNORMDIST(x,mean,stddev)
@DESCRIPTION=LOGNORMDIST function returns the lognormal distribution. @x is the value for which you want the distribution, @mean is the mean of the distribution, and @stddev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

* If @stddev = 0 LOGNORMDIST returns #DIV/0! error.
* If @x <= 0, @mean < 0 or @stddev < 0 LOGNORMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LOGNORMDIST(3,1,2) equals 0.519662338.

@SEEALSO=NORMDIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=LOGREG
@SYNTAX=LOGREG(known_y's[,known_x's[,const[,stat]]])
@DESCRIPTION=LOGREG function transforms your x's to z=ln(x) and applies the ``least squares'' method to fit the linear equation
y = m * z + b 
to your y's and z's --- equivalent to fitting the equation
y = m * ln(x) + b 
to y's and x's. 

If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used. LOGREG returns an array having two columns and one row. m is given in the first column and b in the second. 

If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, LOGREG returns #NUM! error.

If @const is FALSE, the curve will be forced to go through [1; 0], i.e., b will be zero. The default is TRUE.

If @stat is TRUE, extra statistical information will be returned which applies to the state AFTER transformation to z. Extra statistical information is written below m and b in the result array.  Extra statistical information consists of four rows of data.  In the first row the standard error values for the coefficients m, b are represented.  The second row contains the square of R and the standard error for the y estimate. The third row contains the F-observed value and the degrees of freedom.  The last row contains the regression sum of squares and the residual sum of squares.The default of @stat is FALSE.
@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=LOGFIT,LINEST,LOGEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=MAX
@SYNTAX=MAX(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=MAX returns the value of the element of the values passed that has the largest value, with negative numbers considered smaller than positive numbers.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
MAX(A1:A5) equals 40.1.

@SEEALSO=MIN,ABS

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=MAXA
@SYNTAX=MAXA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=MAXA returns the largest value of the given arguments.  Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
MAXA(A1:A5) equals 40.1.

@SEEALSO=MAX,MINA

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=MEDIAN
@SYNTAX=MEDIAN(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=MEDIAN returns the median of the given data set.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If even numbers are given MEDIAN returns the average of the two numbers in the middle.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
MEDIAN(A1:A5) equals 21.3.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,COUNT,COUNTA,DAVERAGE,MODE,SSMEDIAN,SUM

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=MIN
@SYNTAX=MIN(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=MIN returns the value of the element of the values passed that has the smallest value, with negative numbers considered smaller than positive numbers.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
MIN(A1:A5) equals 11.4.

@SEEALSO=MAX,ABS

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=MINA
@SYNTAX=MINA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=MINA returns the smallest value of the given arguments.  Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
MINA(A1:A5) equals 0.

@SEEALSO=MIN,MAXA

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=MODE
@SYNTAX=MODE(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=MODE returns the most common number of the data set. If the data set has many most common numbers MODE returns the first one of them.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If the data set does not contain any duplicates MODE returns #N/A error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 11.4, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
MODE(A1:A5) equals 11.4.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,MEDIAN

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=NEGBINOMDIST
@SYNTAX=NEGBINOMDIST(f,t,p)
@DESCRIPTION=NEGBINOMDIST function returns the negative binomial distribution. @f is the number of failures, @t is the threshold number of successes, and @p is the probability of a success.

* If @f or @t is a non-integer it is truncated.
* If (@f + @t -1) <= 0 NEGBINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 NEGBINOMDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NEGBINOMDIST(2,5,0.55) equals 0.152872629.

@SEEALSO=BINOMDIST,COMBIN,FACT,HYPGEOMDIST,PERMUT

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=NORMDIST
@SYNTAX=NORMDIST(x,mean,stddev,cumulative)
@DESCRIPTION=NORMDIST function returns the normal cumulative distribution. @x is the value for which you want the distribution, @mean is the mean of the distribution, @stddev is the standard deviation.

* If @stddev is 0 NORMDIST returns #DIV/0! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NORMDIST(2,1,2,0) equals 0.176032663.

@SEEALSO=POISSON

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=NORMINV
@SYNTAX=NORMINV(p,mean,stddev)
@DESCRIPTION=NORMINV function returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution. @p is the given probability corresponding to the normal distribution, @mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and @stddev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @stddev <= 0 NORMINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NORMINV(0.76,2,3) equals 4.118907689.

@SEEALSO=NORMDIST,NORMSDIST,NORMSINV,STANDARDIZE,ZTEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=NORMSDIST
@SYNTAX=NORMSDIST(x)
@DESCRIPTION=NORMSDIST function returns the standard normal cumulative distribution. @x is the value for which you want the distribution.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NORMSDIST(2) equals 0.977249868.

@SEEALSO=NORMDIST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=NORMSINV
@SYNTAX=NORMSINV(p)
@DESCRIPTION=NORMSINV function returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution. @p is the given probability corresponding to the normal distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 NORMSINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
NORMSINV(0.2) equals -0.841621234.

@SEEALSO=NORMDIST,NORMINV,NORMSDIST,STANDARDIZE,ZTEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=PARETO
@SYNTAX=PARETO(x,a,b)
@DESCRIPTION=PARETO returns the probability density p(x) at @x for a Pareto distribution with exponent @a and scale @b.

@EXAMPLES=
PARETO(0.6,1,2).

@SEEALSO=RANDPARETO

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=PEARSON
@SYNTAX=PEARSON(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=PEARSON returns the Pearson correlation coefficient of two data sets.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=INTERCEPT,LINEST,RSQ,SLOPE,STEYX

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=PERCENTILE
@SYNTAX=PERCENTILE(array,k)
@DESCRIPTION=PERCENTILE function returns the 100*@k-th percentile of the given data points (that is, a number x such that a fraction @k of the data points are less than x).

* If @array is empty, PERCENTILE returns #NUM! error.
* If @k < 0 or @k > 1, PERCENTILE returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
PERCENTILE(A1:A5,0.42) equals 20.02.

@SEEALSO=QUARTILE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=PERCENTRANK
@SYNTAX=PERCENTRANK(array,x[,significance])
@DESCRIPTION=PERCENTRANK function returns the rank of a data point in a data set.  @array is the range of numeric values, @x is the data point which you want to rank, and the optional @significance specifies the number of significant digits for the returned value, truncating the remainder.  If @significance is omitted, PERCENTRANK uses three digits.

* If @array contains no data points, PERCENTRANK returns #NUM! error.
* If @significance is less than one, PERCENTRANK returns #NUM! error.
* If @x exceeds the largest value or is less than the smallest value in @array, PERCENTRANK returns #NUM! error.
* If @x does not match any of the values in @array or @x matches more than once, PERCENTRANK interpolates the returned value.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=LARGE,MAX,MEDIAN,MIN,PERCENTILE,QUARTILE,SMALL

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=PERMUT
@SYNTAX=PERMUT(n,k)
@DESCRIPTION=PERMUT function returns the number of permutations. @n is the number of objects, @k is the number of objects in each permutation.

* If @n = 0 PERMUT returns #NUM! error.
* If @n < @k PERMUT returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
PERMUT(7,3) equals 210.

@SEEALSO=COMBIN

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=POISSON
@SYNTAX=POISSON(x,mean,cumulative)
@DESCRIPTION=POISSON function returns the Poisson distribution. @x is the number of events, @mean is the expected numeric value @cumulative describes whether to return the sum of the Poisson function from 0 to @x.

* If @x is a non-integer it is truncated.
* If @x < 0 POISSON returns #NUM! error.
* If @mean <= 0 POISSON returns the #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
POISSON(3,6,0) equals 0.089235078.

@SEEALSO=NORMDIST, WEIBULL

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=PROB
@SYNTAX=PROB(x_range,prob_range,lower_limit[,upper_limit])
@DESCRIPTION=PROB function returns the probability that values in a range or an array are between two limits. If @upper_limit is not given, PROB returns the probability that values in @x_range are equal to @lower_limit.

* If the sum of the probabilities in @prob_range is not equal to 1 PROB returns #NUM! error.
* If any value in @prob_range is <=0 or > 1, PROB returns #NUM! error.
* If @x_range and @prob_range contain a different number of data entries, PROB returns #N/A error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=BINOMDIST,CRITBINOM

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=QUARTILE
@SYNTAX=QUARTILE(array,quart)
@DESCRIPTION=QUARTILE function returns the quartile of the given data points.

If @quart is equal to: QUARTILE returns:
0                      the smallest value of @array.
1                      the first quartile
2                      the second quartile
3                      the third quartile
4                      the largest value of @array.

* If @array is empty, QUARTILE returns #NUM! error.
* If @quart < 0 or @quart > 4, QUARTILE returns #NUM! error.
* If @quart is not an integer, it is truncated.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
QUARTILE(A1:A5,1) equals 17.3.

@SEEALSO=LARGE,MAX,MEDIAN,MIN,PERCENTILE,SMALL

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=RANK
@SYNTAX=RANK(x,ref[,order])
@DESCRIPTION=RANK returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.  @x is the number whose rank you want to find, @ref is the list of numbers, and @order specifies how to rank numbers.  If @order is 0, numbers are ranked in descending order, otherwise numbers are ranked in ascending order.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
RANK(17.3,A1:A5) equals 4.

@SEEALSO=PERCENTRANK

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=RAYLEIGH
@SYNTAX=RAYLEIGH(x,sigma)
@DESCRIPTION=RAYLEIGH returns the probability density p(x) at @x for a Rayleigh distribution with scale parameter @sigma.

@EXAMPLES=
RAYLEIGH(0.4,1).

@SEEALSO=RANDRAYLEIGH

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=RAYLEIGHTAIL
@SYNTAX=RAYLEIGHTAIL(x,a,sigma)
@DESCRIPTION=RAYLEIGHTAIL returns the probability density p(x) at @x for a Rayleigh tail distribution with scale parameter @sigma and lower limit @a.

@EXAMPLES=
RAYLEIGHTAIL(0.6,0.3,1).

@SEEALSO=RANDRAYLEIGHTAIL

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=RSQ
@SYNTAX=RSQ(array1,array2)
@DESCRIPTION=RSQ returns the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient of two data sets.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=

@SEEALSO=CORREL,COVAR,INTERCEPT,LINEST,LOGEST,PEARSON,SLOPE,STEYX,TREND

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=SKEW
@SYNTAX=SKEW(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=SKEW returns an unbiased estimate for skewness of a distribution.

Note, that this is only meaningful if the underlying distribution really has a third moment.  The skewness of a symmetric (e.g., normal) distribution is zero.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If less than three numbers are given, SKEW returns #DIV/0! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
SKEW(A1:A5) equals 0.976798268.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,VAR,SKEWP,KURT

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=SKEWP
@SYNTAX=SKEWP(n1, n2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=SKEWP returns the population skewness of a data set.

* Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
* If less than two numbers are given, SKEWP returns #DIV/0! error.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
SKEWP(A1:A5) equals 0.655256198.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,VARP,SKEW,KURTP

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=SLOPE
@SYNTAX=SLOPE(known_y's,known_x's)
@DESCRIPTION=SLOPE returns the slope of the linear regression line.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
SLOPE(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 1.417959936.

@SEEALSO=STDEV,STDEVPA

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=SMALL
@SYNTAX=SMALL(n1, n2, ..., k)
@DESCRIPTION=SMALL returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.

* If data set is empty SMALL returns #NUM! error.
* If @k <= 0 or @k is greater than the number of data items given SMALL returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
SMALL(A1:A5,2) equals 17.3.
SMALL(A1:A5,4) equals 25.9.

@SEEALSO=PERCENTILE,PERCENTRANK,QUARTILE,LARGE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=SSMEDIAN
@SYNTAX=SSMEDIAN(array[,interval)]
@DESCRIPTION=The SSMEDIAN function returns the median for grouped data as commonly determined in the social sciences. The data points given in @array are assumed to be the result of grouping data into intervals of length @interval

* If @interval is not given, SSMEDIAN uses 1.
* If @array is empty, SSMEDIAN returns #NUM! error.
* If @interval <= 0, SSMEDIAN returns #NUM! error.
* SSMEDIAN does not check whether the data points are at least @interval apart.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, A3 contain numbers 7, 8, 8.  Then
SSMEDIAN(A1:A3, 1) equals 7.75.

@SEEALSO=MEDIAN

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=STANDARDIZE
@SYNTAX=STANDARDIZE(x,mean,stddev)
@DESCRIPTION=STANDARDIZE function returns a normalized value. @x is the number to be normalized, @mean is the mean of the distribution, @stddev is the standard deviation of the distribution.

* If @stddev is 0 STANDARDIZE returns #DIV/0! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
STANDARDIZE(3,2,4) equals 0.25.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=STDEV
@SYNTAX=STDEV(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=STDEV returns the sample standard deviation of the given sample.
To obtain the population standard deviation of a whole population use STDEVP.
STDEV is also known as the N-1-standard deviation.
Under reasonable conditions, it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true population standard deviation.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
STDEV(A1:A5) equals 10.84619749.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,DSTDEV,DSTDEVP,STDEVA,STDEVPA,VAR

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=STDEVA
@SYNTAX=STDEVA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=STDEVA returns the sample standard deviation of the given sample.
To obtain the population standard deviation of a whole population use STDEVPA.
STDEVA is also known as the N-1-standard deviation.
Under reasonable conditions, it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true population standard deviation.
Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too.  If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
STDEVA(A1:A5) equals 15.119953704.

@SEEALSO=STDEV,STDEVPA

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=STDEVP
@SYNTAX=STDEVP(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=STDEVP returns the population standard deviation of the given population. 
This is also known as the N-standard deviation

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
STDEVP(A1:A5) equals 9.701133954.

@SEEALSO=STDEV,STDEVA,STDEVPA

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=STDEVPA
@SYNTAX=STDEVPA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=STDEVPA returns the population standard deviation of an entire population.
This is also known as the N-standard deviation
Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too.  If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
STDEVPA(A1:A5) equals 13.523697719.

@SEEALSO=STDEVA,STDEVP

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=STEYX
@SYNTAX=STEYX(known_y's,known_x's)
@DESCRIPTION=STEYX function returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression.

* If @known_y's and @known_x's are empty or have a different number of arguments then STEYX returns #N/A error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
STEYX(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals 1.101509979.

@SEEALSO=PEARSON,RSQ,SLOPE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=SUBTOTAL
@SYNTAX=SUBTOTAL(function_nbr,ref1,ref2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=SUBTOTAL function returns a subtotal of given list of arguments. @function_nbr is the number that specifies which function to use in calculating the subtotal.

The following functions are available:

	1   AVERAGE
	2   COUNT
	3   COUNTA
	4   MAX
	5   MIN
	6   PRODUCT
	7   STDEV
	8   STDEVP
	9   SUM
	10   VAR
	11   VARP

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27, 28, 33, and 39.  Then
SUBTOTAL(1,A1:A5) equals 30.
SUBTOTAL(6,A1:A5) equals 22378356.
SUBTOTAL(7,A1:A5) equals 6.164414003.
SUBTOTAL(9,A1:A5) equals 150.
SUBTOTAL(11,A1:A5) equals 30.4.

@SEEALSO=COUNT,SUM

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=TDIST
@SYNTAX=TDIST(x,dof,tails)
@DESCRIPTION=TDIST function returns the Student's t-distribution. @dof is the degree of freedom and @tails is 1 or 2 depending on whether you want one-tailed or two-tailed distribution.
@tails = 1 returns the size of the right tail.

* If @dof < 1 TDIST returns #NUM! error.
* If @tails is neither 1 or 2 TDIST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible for non-negative @x.

@EXAMPLES=
TDIST(2,5,1) equals 0.050969739.
TDIST(-2,5,1) equals 0.949030261.
TDIST(0,5,2) equals 1.

@SEEALSO=TINV,TTEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=TINV
@SYNTAX=TINV(p,dof)
@DESCRIPTION=TINV function returns the inverse of the two-tailed Student's t-distribution.

* If @p < 0 or @p > 1 or @dof < 1 TINV returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TINV(0.4,32) equals 0.852998454.

@SEEALSO=TDIST,TTEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=TREND
@SYNTAX=TREND(known_y's[,known_x's[,new_x's[,const]]])
@DESCRIPTION=TREND function estimates future values of a given data set using the ``least squares'' line that best fit to your data. @known_y's is the y-values where y=mx+b and @known_x's contains the corresponding x-values.  @new_x's contains the x-values for which you want to estimate the y-values. If @const is FALSE, the line will be forced to go through the origin, i.e., b will be zero.

* If @known_x's is omitted, an array {1, 2, 3, ...} is used.
* If @new_x's is omitted, it is assumed to be the same as @known_x's.
* If @const is omitted, it is assumed to be TRUE.
* If @known_y's and @known_x's have unequal number of data points, TREND returns #NUM! error.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
TREND(A1:A5,B1:B5) equals {12.1, 15.7, 21.6, 26.7, 39.7}.

@SEEALSO=LINEST

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=TRIMMEAN
@SYNTAX=TRIMMEAN(ref,fraction)
@DESCRIPTION=TRIMMEAN returns the mean of the interior of a data set. @ref is the list of numbers whose mean you want to calculate and @fraction is the fraction of the data set excluded from the mean. For example, if @fraction=0.2 and the data set contains 40 numbers, 8 numbers are trimmed from the data set (40 x 0.2), 4 from the top and 4 from the bottom of the set.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
TRIMMEAN(A1:A5,0.2) equals 23.2.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,GEOMEAN,HARMEAN,MEDIAN,MODE

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=TTEST
@SYNTAX=TTEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
@DESCRIPTION=TTEST function returns the probability of a Student's t-Test. 
@array1 is the first data set and @array2 is the second data set.  If @tails is one, TTEST uses the one-tailed distribution and if @tails is two, TTEST uses the two-tailed distribution.  @type determines the kind of the test:

	1  Paired test
	2  Two-sample equal variance
	3  Two-sample unequal variance

* If the data sets contain a different number of data points and the test is paired (@type one), TTEST returns the #N/A error.
* @tails and @type are truncated to integers.
* If @tails is not one or two, TTEST returns #NUM! error.
* If @type is any other than one, two, or three, TTEST returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1, and the cells B1, B2, ... B5 23.2, 25.8, 29.9, 33.5, and 42.7.  Then
TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,1,1) equals 0.003127619.
TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,2,1) equals 0.006255239.
TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,1,2) equals 0.111804322.
TTEST(A1:A5,B1:B5,1,3) equals 0.113821797.

@SEEALSO=FDIST,FINV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=VAR
@SYNTAX=VAR(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=VAR calculates sample variance of the given sample. To get the true variance of a complete population use VARP.
VAR is also known as the N-1-variance. Under reasonable conditions, it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true variance.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
VAR(A1:A5) equals 117.64.

@SEEALSO=VARP,STDEV

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=VARA
@SYNTAX=VARA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=VARA calculates sample variance of the given sample.
To get the true variance of a complete population use VARPA.
VARA is also known as the N-1-variance.
Under reasonable conditions, it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true variance.
Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
VARA(A1:A5) equals 228.613.

@SEEALSO=VAR,VARPA

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=VARP
@SYNTAX=VARP(b1, b2, ...)
@DESCRIPTION=VARP calculates the variance of an entire population.
VARP is also known as the N-variance.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
VARP(A1:A5) equals 94.112.

@SEEALSO=AVERAGE,DVAR,DVARP,STDEV,VAR

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=VARPA
@SYNTAX=VARPA(number1,number2,...)
@DESCRIPTION=VARPA calculates the variance of an entire population.
VARPA is also known as the N-variance.
Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too.  If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).  If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1).  Note that empty cells are not counted.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
VARPA(A1:A5) equals 182.8904.

@SEEALSO=VARA,VARP

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=WEIBULL
@SYNTAX=WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
@DESCRIPTION=WEIBULL function returns the Weibull distribution. If the @cumulative boolean is true it will return:

	1 - exp (-(@x/@beta)^@alpha),

otherwise it will return

	(@alpha/@beta^@alpha) * @x^(@alpha-1) * exp(-(@x/@beta^@alpha)).

* If @x < 0 WEIBULL returns #NUM! error.
* If @alpha <= 0 or @beta <= 0 WEIBULL returns #NUM! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
WEIBULL(3,2,4,0) equals 0.213668559.

@SEEALSO=POISSON

@CATEGORY=Statistics
@FUNCTION=ZTEST
@SYNTAX=ZTEST(ref,x)
@DESCRIPTION=ZTEST returns the two-tailed probability of a z-test.

@ref is the data set and @x is the value to be tested.

* If @ref contains less than two data items ZTEST returns #DIV/0! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1.  Then
ZTEST(A1:A5,20) equals 0.254717826.

@SEEALSO=CONFIDENCE,NORMDIST,NORMINV,NORMSDIST,NORMSINV,STANDARDIZE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=CHAR
@SYNTAX=CHAR(x)
@DESCRIPTION=CHAR returns the ASCII character represented by the number @x.

@EXAMPLES=
CHAR(65) equals A.

@SEEALSO=CODE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=CLEAN
@SYNTAX=CLEAN(string)
@DESCRIPTION=CLEAN removes any non-printable characters from @string.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CLEAN("one"\&char(7)) equals "one".

@SEEALSO=

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=CODE
@SYNTAX=CODE(char)
@DESCRIPTION=CODE returns the ASCII number for the character @char.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CODE("A") equals 65.

@SEEALSO=CHAR

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=CONCATENATE
@SYNTAX=CONCATENATE(string1[,string2...])
@DESCRIPTION=CONCATENATE returns the string obtained by concatenation of the given strings.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
CONCATENATE("aa","bb") equals "aabb".

@SEEALSO=LEFT, MID, RIGHT

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=DOLLAR
@SYNTAX=DOLLAR(num[,decimals])
@DESCRIPTION=DOLLAR returns @num formatted as currency.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
DOLLAR(12345) equals "$12,345.00".

@SEEALSO=FIXED, TEXT, VALUE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=EXACT
@SYNTAX=EXACT(string1, string2)
@DESCRIPTION=EXACT returns true if @string1 is exactly equal to @string2 (this routine is case sensitive).

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
EXACT("key","key") equals TRUE.
EXACT("key","Key") equals FALSE.

@SEEALSO=LEN, SEARCH, DELTA

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=FIND
@SYNTAX=FIND(string1,string2[,start])
@DESCRIPTION=FIND returns position of @string1 in @string2 (case-sensitive), searching only from character @start onwards (assuming 1 if omitted).

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FIND("ac","Jack") equals 2.

@SEEALSO=EXACT, LEN, MID, SEARCH

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=FIXED
@SYNTAX=FIXED(num,[decimals, no_commas])
@DESCRIPTION=FIXED returns @num as a formatted string with @decimals numbers after the decimal point, omitting commas if requested by @no_commas.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
FIXED(1234.567,2) equals "1,234.57".

@SEEALSO=TEXT, VALUE, DOLLAR

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=LEFT
@SYNTAX=LEFT(text[,num_chars])
@DESCRIPTION=LEFT returns the leftmost @num_chars characters or the left character if @num_chars is not specified.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LEFT("Directory",3) equals "Dir".

@SEEALSO=MID, RIGHT

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=LEN
@SYNTAX=LEN(string)
@DESCRIPTION=LEN returns the length in characters of the string @string.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LEN("Helsinki") equals 8.

@SEEALSO=CHAR, CODE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=LENB
@SYNTAX=LENB(string)
@DESCRIPTION=LENB returns the length in bytes of the string @string.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LENB("Helsinki") equals 8.

@SEEALSO=CHAR, CODE, LEN

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=LOWER
@SYNTAX=LOWER(text)
@DESCRIPTION=LOWER returns a lower-case version of the string in @text.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
LOWER("J. F. Kennedy") equals "j. f. kennedy".

@SEEALSO=UPPER

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=MID
@SYNTAX=MID(string, position, length)
@DESCRIPTION=MID returns a substring from @string starting at @position for @length characters.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
MID("testing",2,3) equals "est".

@SEEALSO=LEFT, RIGHT

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=PROPER
@SYNTAX=PROPER(string)
@DESCRIPTION=PROPER returns @string with initial of each word capitalised.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
PROPER("j. f. kennedy") equals "J. F. Kennedy".

@SEEALSO=LOWER, UPPER

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=REPLACE
@SYNTAX=REPLACE(old,start,num,new)
@DESCRIPTION=REPLACE returns @old with @new replacing @num characters from @start.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
REPLACE("testing",2,3,"*****") equals "t*****ing".

@SEEALSO=MID, SEARCH, SUBSTITUTE, TRIM

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=REPT
@SYNTAX=REPT(string,num)
@DESCRIPTION=REPT returns @num repetitions of @string.

* This function is Excel compatible.
 
@EXAMPLES=
REPT(".",3) equals "...".

@SEEALSO=CONCATENATE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=RIGHT
@SYNTAX=RIGHT(text[,num_chars])
@DESCRIPTION=RIGHT returns the rightmost @num_chars characters or the right character if @num_chars is not specified.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
RIGHT("end") equals "d".
RIGHT("end",2) equals "nd".

@SEEALSO=MID, LEFT

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=SEARCH
@SYNTAX=SEARCH(search_string,text[,start_num])
@DESCRIPTION=SEARCH returns the location of the @search_ string within @text. The search starts  with the @start_num character of text @text.  If @start_num is omitted, it is assumed to be one.  The search is not case sensitive.

@search_string can contain wildcard characters (*) and question marks (?). A question mark matches any character and a wildcard matches any string including the empty string.  If you want the actual wildcard or question mark to be found, use tilde (~) before the character.

* If @search_string is not found, SEARCH returns #VALUE! error.
* If @start_num is less than one or it is greater than the length of @text, SEARCH returns #VALUE! error.
* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SEARCH("c","Cancel") equals 1.
SEARCH("c","Cancel",2) equals 4.

@SEEALSO=FIND

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=SUBSTITUTE
@SYNTAX=SUBSTITUTE(text, old, new [,num])
@DESCRIPTION=SUBSTITUTE replaces @old with @new in @text.  Substitutions are only applied to instance @num of @old in @text, otherwise every one is changed.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
SUBSTITUTE("testing","test","wait") equals "waiting".

@SEEALSO=REPLACE, TRIM

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=T
@SYNTAX=T(value)
@DESCRIPTION=T returns @value if and only if it is text, otherwise a blank string.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
T("text") equals "text".
T(64) returns an empty cell.

@SEEALSO=CELL, N, VALUE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=TEXT
@SYNTAX=TEXT(value,format_text)
@DESCRIPTION=TEXT returns @value as a string with the specified format.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TEXT(3.223,"$0.00") equals "$3.22".
TEXT(date(1999,4,15),"mmmm, dd, yy") equals "April, 15, 99".

@SEEALSO=DOLLAR, FIXED, VALUE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=TRIM
@SYNTAX=TRIM(text)
@DESCRIPTION=TRIM returns @text with only single spaces between words.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
TRIM("  a bbb  cc") equals "a bbb cc".

@SEEALSO=CLEAN, MID, REPLACE, SUBSTITUTE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=UNICHAR
@SYNTAX=UNICHAR(x)
@DESCRIPTION=UNICHAR returns the Unicode character represented by the number @x.

@EXAMPLES=
UNICHAR(65) equals A.
UNICHAR(960) equals a small Greek pi.

@SEEALSO=CHAR,UNICODE,CODE

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=UNICODE
@SYNTAX=UNICODE(char)
@DESCRIPTION=UNICODE returns the Unicode number for the character @char.


@EXAMPLES=
UNICODE("A") equals 65.

@SEEALSO=UNICHAR,CODE,CHAR

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=UPPER
@SYNTAX=UPPER(text)
@DESCRIPTION=UPPER returns a upper-case version of the string in @text.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
UPPER("cancelled") equals "CANCELLED".

@SEEALSO=LOWER

@CATEGORY=String
@FUNCTION=VALUE
@SYNTAX=VALUE(text)
@DESCRIPTION=VALUE returns numeric value of @text.

* This function is Excel compatible.

@EXAMPLES=
VALUE("$1,000") equals 1000.

@SEEALSO=DOLLAR, FIXED, TEXT