/* convert.c - Hex conversion functions.
 *	Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 *
 * This file is part of GnuPG.
 *
 * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of either
 *
 *   - the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
 *     Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
 *     your option) any later version.
 *
 * or
 *
 *   - the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 *     Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
 *     your option) any later version.
 *
 * or both in parallel, as here.
 *
 * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <config.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "util.h"


#define tohex(n) ((n) < 10 ? ((n) + '0') : (((n) - 10) + 'A'))


/* Convert STRING consisting of hex characters into its binary
   representation and store that at BUFFER.  BUFFER needs to be of
   LENGTH bytes.  The function checks that the STRING will convert
   exactly to LENGTH bytes. The string is delimited by either end of
   string or a white space character.  The function returns -1 on
   error or the length of the parsed string.  In-place conversion is
   allowed but the Source string might be garbled on error.  */
int
hex2bin (const char *string, void *buffer, size_t length)
{
  int i;
  const char *s = string;

  for (i=0; i < length; )
    {
      if (!hexdigitp (s) || !hexdigitp (s+1))
        return -1;           /* Invalid hex digits. */
      ((unsigned char*)buffer)[i++] = xtoi_2 (s);
      s += 2;
    }
  if (*s && (!isascii (*s) || !isspace (*s)) )
    return -1;             /* Not followed by Nul or white space.  */
  if (i != length)
    return -1;             /* Not of expected length.  */
  if (*s)
    s++; /* Skip the delimiter. */
  return s - string;
}


/* Convert STRING consisting of hex characters into its binary representation
   and store that at BUFFER.  BUFFER needs to be of LENGTH bytes.  The
   function check that the STRING will convert exactly to LENGTH
   bytes. Colons between the hex digits are allowed, if one colon
   has been given a colon is expected very 2 characters. The string
   is delimited by either end of string or a white space character.
   The function returns -1 on error or the length of the parsed
   string.  */
int
hexcolon2bin (const char *string, void *buffer, size_t length)
{
  int i;
  const char *s = string;
  int need_colon = 0;

  for (i=0; i < length; )
    {
      if (i==1 && *s == ':')  /* Skip colons between hex digits.  */
        {
          need_colon = 1;
          s++;
        }
      else if (need_colon && *s == ':')
        s++;
      else if (need_colon)
        return -1;           /* Colon expected. */
      if (!hexdigitp (s) || !hexdigitp (s+1))
        return -1;           /* Invalid hex digits. */
      ((unsigned char*)buffer)[i++] = xtoi_2 (s);
      s += 2;
    }
  if (*s == ':')
    return -1;             /* Trailing colons are not allowed.  */
  if (*s && (!isascii (*s) || !isspace (*s)) )
    return -1;             /* Not followed by Nul or white space.  */
  if (i != length)
    return -1;             /* Not of expected length.  */
  if (*s)
    s++; /* Skip the delimiter. */
  return s - string;
}



static char *
do_bin2hex (const void *buffer, size_t length, char *stringbuf, int with_colon)
{
  const unsigned char *s;
  char *p;

  if (!stringbuf)
    {
      /* Not really correct for with_colon but we don't care about the
         one wasted byte. */
      size_t n = with_colon? 3:2;
      size_t nbytes = n * length + 1;
      if (length &&  (nbytes-1) / n != length)
        {
          gpg_err_set_errno (ENOMEM);
          return NULL;
        }
      stringbuf = xtrymalloc (nbytes);
      if (!stringbuf)
        return NULL;
    }

  for (s = buffer, p = stringbuf; length; length--, s++)
    {
      if (with_colon && s != buffer)
        *p++ = ':';
      *p++ = tohex ((*s>>4)&15);
      *p++ = tohex (*s&15);
    }
  *p = 0;

  return stringbuf;
}


/* Convert LENGTH bytes of data in BUFFER into hex encoding and store
   that at the provided STRINGBUF.  STRINGBUF must be allocated of at
   least (2*LENGTH+1) bytes or be NULL so that the function mallocs an
   appropriate buffer.  Returns STRINGBUF or NULL on error (which may
   only occur if STRINGBUF has been NULL and the internal malloc
   failed). */
char *
bin2hex (const void *buffer, size_t length, char *stringbuf)
{
  return do_bin2hex (buffer, length, stringbuf, 0);
}

/* Convert LENGTH bytes of data in BUFFER into hex encoding and store
   that at the provided STRINGBUF.  STRINGBUF must be allocated of at
   least (3*LENGTH+1) bytes or be NULL so that the function mallocs an
   appropriate buffer.  Returns STRINGBUF or NULL on error (which may
   only occur if STRINGBUF has been NULL and the internal malloc
   failed). */
char *
bin2hexcolon (const void *buffer, size_t length, char *stringbuf)
{
  return do_bin2hex (buffer, length, stringbuf, 1);
}



/* Convert HEXSTRING consisting of hex characters into string and
   store that at BUFFER.  HEXSTRING is either delimited by end of
   string or a white space character.  The function makes sure that
   the resulting string in BUFFER is terminated by a Nul byte.  Note
   that the returned string may include embedded Nul bytes; the extra
   Nul byte at the end is used to make sure that the result can always
   be used as a C-string.

   BUFSIZE is the available length of BUFFER; if the converted result
   plus a possible required extra Nul character does not fit into this
   buffer, the function returns NULL and won't change the existing
   content of BUFFER.  In-place conversion is possible as long as
   BUFFER points to HEXSTRING.

   If BUFFER is NULL and BUFSIZE is 0 the function scans HEXSTRING but
   does not store anything.  This may be used to find the end of
   HEXSTRING.

   On success the function returns a pointer to the next character
   after HEXSTRING (which is either end-of-string or the next white
   space).  If BUFLEN is not NULL the number of valid bytes in BUFFER
   is stored there (an extra Nul byte is not counted); this will even
   be done if BUFFER has been passed as NULL. */
const char *
hex2str (const char *hexstring, char *buffer, size_t bufsize, size_t *buflen)
{
  const char *s = hexstring;
  int idx, count;
  int need_nul = 0;

  if (buflen)
    *buflen = 0;

  for (s=hexstring, count=0; hexdigitp (s) && hexdigitp (s+1); s += 2, count++)
    ;
  if (*s && (!isascii (*s) || !isspace (*s)) )
    {
      gpg_err_set_errno (EINVAL);
      return NULL;   /* Not followed by Nul or white space.  */
    }
  /* We need to append a nul character.  However we don't want that if
     the hexstring already ends with "00".  */
  need_nul = ((s == hexstring) || !(s[-2] == '0' && s[-1] == '0'));
  if (need_nul)
    count++;

  if (buffer)
    {
      if (count > bufsize)
        {
          gpg_err_set_errno (EINVAL);
          return NULL; /* Too long.  */
        }

      for (s=hexstring, idx=0; hexdigitp (s) && hexdigitp (s+1); s += 2)
        ((unsigned char*)buffer)[idx++] = xtoi_2 (s);
      if (need_nul)
        buffer[idx] = 0;
    }

  if (buflen)
    *buflen = count - need_nul;
  return s;
}


/* Same as hex2str but this function allocated a new string.  Returns
   NULL on error.  If R_COUNT is not NULL, the number of scanned bytes
   will be stored there.  ERRNO is set on error. */
char *
hex2str_alloc (const char *hexstring, size_t *r_count)
{
  const char *tail;
  size_t nbytes;
  char *result;

  tail = hex2str (hexstring, NULL, 0, &nbytes);
  if (!tail)
    {
      if (r_count)
        *r_count = 0;
      return NULL;
    }
  if (r_count)
    *r_count = tail - hexstring;
  result = xtrymalloc (nbytes+1);
  if (!result)
    return NULL;
  if (!hex2str (hexstring, result, nbytes+1, NULL))
    BUG ();
  return result;
}



/* Take the hex-encoded string HEXSTR and put it into the provided
 * BUFFER in binary format.  The length of the buffer is BUFEFR_SIZE
 * and the expected size of the hex-string (sans leading and trailing
 * spaces) is 2*BUFFER_SIZE.  Returns the actual scanned length of
 * HEXSTR including any leading and trailing spaces on success or 0 on
 * error.  The HEXSTR must be terminated by a Space or a Nul and may
 * have leading spaces.  */
unsigned int
hex2fixedbuf (const char *hexstr, void *buffer_arg, size_t buffer_size)
{
  unsigned char *buffer = buffer_arg;
  const char *s;
  unsigned int leading_spaces, n;

  for (leading_spaces = 0; *hexstr && *hexstr == ' '; hexstr++)
    leading_spaces++;

  for (s=hexstr, n=0; hexdigitp (s); s++, n++)
    ;
  if ((*s && *s != ' ') || !(n == 2*buffer_size))
    return 0; /* Invalid or wrong length. */
  for (s=hexstr, n=0; *s && n < buffer_size; s += 2, n++)
    buffer[n] = xtoi_2 (s);
  while (*s && *s == ' ')
    s++;

  return leading_spaces + (s - hexstr);
}