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// Copyright 2021-present The Atlas Authors. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license found
// in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
package sqlite
import (
"context"
"database/sql"
"fmt"
"regexp"
"strconv"
"strings"
"unicode"
"ariga.io/atlas/sql/internal/sqlx"
"ariga.io/atlas/sql/schema"
)
// A diff provides an SQLite implementation for schema.Inspector.
type inspect struct{ conn }
var _ schema.Inspector = (*inspect)(nil)
// InspectRealm returns schema descriptions of all resources in the given realm.
func (i *inspect) InspectRealm(ctx context.Context, opts *schema.InspectRealmOption) (*schema.Realm, error) {
schemas, err := i.databases(ctx, opts)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if len(schemas) > 1 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite: multiple database files are not supported by the driver. got: %d", len(schemas))
}
if opts == nil {
opts = &schema.InspectRealmOption{}
}
r := schema.NewRealm(schemas...)
if !sqlx.ModeInspectRealm(opts).Is(schema.InspectTables) {
return sqlx.ExcludeRealm(r, opts.Exclude)
}
for _, s := range schemas {
tables, err := i.tables(ctx, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
s.AddTables(tables...)
for _, t := range tables {
if err := i.inspectTable(ctx, t); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
}
sqlx.LinkSchemaTables(r.Schemas)
return sqlx.ExcludeRealm(r, opts.Exclude)
}
// InspectSchema returns schema descriptions of the tables in the given schema.
// If the schema name is empty, the "main" database is used.
func (i *inspect) InspectSchema(ctx context.Context, name string, opts *schema.InspectOptions) (*schema.Schema, error) {
if name == "" {
name = mainFile
}
schemas, err := i.databases(ctx, &schema.InspectRealmOption{
Schemas: []string{name},
})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if len(schemas) == 0 {
return nil, &schema.NotExistError{
Err: fmt.Errorf("sqlite: schema %q was not found", name),
}
}
if opts == nil {
opts = &schema.InspectOptions{}
}
r := schema.NewRealm(schemas...)
if !sqlx.ModeInspectSchema(opts).Is(schema.InspectTables) {
return sqlx.ExcludeSchema(r.Schemas[0], opts.Exclude)
}
tables, err := i.tables(ctx, opts)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
r.Schemas[0].AddTables(tables...)
for _, t := range tables {
if err := i.inspectTable(ctx, t); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
sqlx.LinkSchemaTables(schemas)
return sqlx.ExcludeSchema(r.Schemas[0], opts.Exclude)
}
func (i *inspect) inspectTable(ctx context.Context, t *schema.Table) error {
if err := i.columns(ctx, t); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := i.indexes(ctx, t); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := i.fks(ctx, t); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := fillChecks(t); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// columns queries and appends the columns of the given table.
func (i *inspect) columns(ctx context.Context, t *schema.Table) error {
rows, err := i.QueryContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(columnsQuery, t.Name))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: querying %q columns: %w", t.Name, err)
}
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
if err := i.addColumn(t, rows); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: %w", err)
}
}
return autoinc(t)
}
// addColumn scans the current row and adds a new column from it to the table.
func (i *inspect) addColumn(t *schema.Table, rows *sql.Rows) error {
var (
nullable, primary bool
hidden sql.NullInt64
name, typ, defaults sql.NullString
err error
)
if err = rows.Scan(&name, &typ, &nullable, &defaults, &primary, &hidden); err != nil {
return err
}
c := &schema.Column{
Name: name.String,
Type: &schema.ColumnType{
Raw: typ.String,
Null: nullable,
},
}
c.Type.Type, err = ParseType(typ.String)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if defaults.Valid {
c.Default = defaultExpr(defaults.String)
}
// The hidden flag is set to 2 for VIRTUAL columns, and to
// 3 for STORED columns. See: sqlite/pragma.c#sqlite3Pragma.
if hidden.Int64 >= 2 {
if err := setGenExpr(t, c, hidden.Int64); err != nil {
return err
}
}
t.Columns = append(t.Columns, c)
if primary {
if t.PrimaryKey == nil {
t.PrimaryKey = &schema.Index{
Name: "PRIMARY",
Unique: true,
Table: t,
}
}
// Columns are ordered by the `pk` field.
t.PrimaryKey.Parts = append(t.PrimaryKey.Parts, &schema.IndexPart{
C: c,
SeqNo: len(t.PrimaryKey.Parts) + 1,
})
}
return nil
}
// indexes queries and appends the indexes of the given table.
func (i *inspect) indexes(ctx context.Context, t *schema.Table) error {
rows, err := i.QueryContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(indexesQuery, t.Name))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: querying %q indexes: %w", t.Name, err)
}
if err := i.addIndexes(t, rows); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: scan %q indexes: %w", t.Name, err)
}
for _, idx := range t.Indexes {
if err := i.indexInfo(ctx, t, idx); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// addIndexes scans the rows and adds the indexes to the table.
func (i *inspect) addIndexes(t *schema.Table, rows *sql.Rows) error {
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
var (
uniq, partial bool
name, origin, stmt sql.NullString
)
if err := rows.Scan(&name, &uniq, &origin, &partial, &stmt); err != nil {
return err
}
if origin.String == "pk" {
continue
}
idx := &schema.Index{
Name: name.String,
Unique: uniq,
Table: t,
Attrs: []schema.Attr{
&CreateStmt{S: stmt.String},
&IndexOrigin{O: origin.String},
},
}
if partial {
i := strings.Index(stmt.String, "WHERE")
if i == -1 {
return fmt.Errorf("missing partial WHERE clause in: %s", stmt.String)
}
idx.Attrs = append(idx.Attrs, &IndexPredicate{
P: strings.TrimSpace(stmt.String[i+5:]),
})
}
t.Indexes = append(t.Indexes, idx)
}
return nil
}
// A regexp to extract index parts.
var reIdxParts = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)ON\\s+[\"`]*(?:\\w+)[\"`]*\\s*\\((.+)\\)")
func (i *inspect) indexInfo(ctx context.Context, t *schema.Table, idx *schema.Index) error {
var (
hasExpr bool
rows, err = i.QueryContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(indexColumnsQuery, idx.Name))
)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: querying %q indexes: %w", t.Name, err)
}
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
var (
desc sql.NullBool
name sql.NullString
)
if err := rows.Scan(&name, &desc); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: scanning index names: %w", err)
}
part := &schema.IndexPart{
SeqNo: len(idx.Parts) + 1,
Desc: desc.Bool,
}
switch c, ok := t.Column(name.String); {
case ok:
part.C = c
// NULL name indicates that the index-part is an expression and we
// should extract it from the `CREATE INDEX` statement (not supported atm).
case !sqlx.ValidString(name):
hasExpr = true
part.X = &schema.RawExpr{X: "<unsupported>"}
default:
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: column %q was not found for index %q", name.String, idx.Name)
}
idx.Parts = append(idx.Parts, part)
}
if !hasExpr {
return nil
}
var c CreateStmt
if !sqlx.Has(idx.Attrs, &c) || !reIdxParts.MatchString(c.S) {
return nil
}
parts := strings.Split(reIdxParts.FindStringSubmatch(c.S)[1], ",")
// Unable to parse index parts correctly.
if len(parts) != len(idx.Parts) {
return nil
}
for i, p := range idx.Parts {
if p.X != nil {
p.X.(*schema.RawExpr).X = strings.TrimSpace(parts[i])
}
}
return nil
}
// fks queries and appends the foreign-keys of the given table.
func (i *inspect) fks(ctx context.Context, t *schema.Table) error {
rows, err := i.QueryContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(fksQuery, t.Name))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: querying %q foreign-keys: %w", t.Name, err)
}
if err := i.addFKs(t, rows); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: scan %q foreign-keys: %w", t.Name, err)
}
return fillConstName(t)
}
func (i *inspect) addFKs(t *schema.Table, rows *sql.Rows) error {
ids := make(map[int]*schema.ForeignKey)
for rows.Next() {
var (
id int
column, refColumn, refTable, updateRule, deleteRule string
)
if err := rows.Scan(&id, &column, &refColumn, &refTable, &updateRule, &deleteRule); err != nil {
return err
}
fk, ok := ids[id]
if !ok {
fk = &schema.ForeignKey{
Symbol: strconv.Itoa(id),
Table: t,
RefTable: t,
OnDelete: schema.ReferenceOption(deleteRule),
OnUpdate: schema.ReferenceOption(updateRule),
}
if refTable != t.Name {
fk.RefTable = &schema.Table{Name: refTable, Schema: &schema.Schema{Name: t.Schema.Name}}
}
ids[id] = fk
t.ForeignKeys = append(t.ForeignKeys, fk)
}
c, ok := t.Column(column)
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("column %q was not found for fk %q", column, fk.Symbol)
}
// Rows are ordered by SEQ that specifies the
// position of the column in the FK definition.
if _, ok := fk.Column(c.Name); !ok {
fk.Columns = append(fk.Columns, c)
c.ForeignKeys = append(c.ForeignKeys, fk)
}
// Stub referenced columns or link if it is a self-reference.
var rc *schema.Column
if fk.Table != fk.RefTable {
rc = &schema.Column{Name: refColumn}
} else if c, ok := t.Column(refColumn); ok {
rc = c
} else {
return fmt.Errorf("referenced column %q was not found for fk %q", refColumn, fk.Symbol)
}
if _, ok := fk.RefColumn(rc.Name); !ok {
fk.RefColumns = append(fk.RefColumns, rc)
}
}
return nil
}
// tableNames returns a list of all tables exist in the schema.
func (i *inspect) tables(ctx context.Context, opts *schema.InspectOptions) ([]*schema.Table, error) {
var (
args []any
query = tablesQuery
)
if opts != nil && len(opts.Tables) > 0 {
query += " AND name IN (" + strings.Repeat("?, ", len(opts.Tables)-1) + "?)"
for _, s := range opts.Tables {
args = append(args, s)
}
}
rows, err := i.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite: querying schema tables: %w", err)
}
defer rows.Close()
var tables []*schema.Table
for rows.Next() {
var name, stmt string
if err := rows.Scan(&name, &stmt); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite: scanning table: %w", err)
}
stmt = strings.TrimSpace(stmt)
t := &schema.Table{
Name: name,
Attrs: []schema.Attr{
&CreateStmt{S: strings.TrimSpace(stmt)},
},
}
if strings.HasSuffix(stmt, "WITHOUT ROWID") || strings.HasSuffix(stmt, "without rowid") {
t.Attrs = append(t.Attrs, &WithoutRowID{})
}
tables = append(tables, t)
}
return tables, nil
}
// schemas returns the list of the schemas in the database.
func (i *inspect) databases(ctx context.Context, opts *schema.InspectRealmOption) ([]*schema.Schema, error) {
var (
args []any
query = databasesQuery
)
if opts != nil && len(opts.Schemas) > 0 {
query = fmt.Sprintf(databasesQueryArgs, strings.Repeat("?, ", len(opts.Schemas)-1)+"?")
for _, s := range opts.Schemas {
args = append(args, s)
}
}
rows, err := i.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite: querying schemas: %w", err)
}
defer rows.Close()
var schemas []*schema.Schema
for rows.Next() {
var name, file sql.NullString
if err := rows.Scan(&name, &file); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// File is missing if the database is not
// associated with a file (:memory: mode).
if file.String == "" {
file.String = ":memory:"
}
schemas = append(schemas, &schema.Schema{
Name: name.String,
Attrs: []schema.Attr{&File{Name: file.String}},
})
}
return schemas, nil
}
type (
// File describes a database file.
File struct {
schema.Attr
Name string
}
// CreateStmt describes the SQL statement used to create a resource.
CreateStmt struct {
schema.Attr
S string
}
// AutoIncrement describes the `AUTOINCREMENT` configuration.
// https://www.sqlite.org/autoinc.html
AutoIncrement struct {
schema.Attr
// Seq represents the value in sqlite_sequence table.
// i.e. https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat2.html#seqtab.
//
// Setting this value manually to > 0 indicates that
// a custom value is necessary and should be handled
// on migrate.
Seq int64
}
// WithoutRowID describes the `WITHOUT ROWID` configuration.
// See: https://sqlite.org/withoutrowid.html
WithoutRowID struct {
schema.Attr
}
// IndexPredicate describes a partial index predicate.
// See: https://www.sqlite.org/partialindex.html
IndexPredicate struct {
schema.Attr
P string
}
// IndexOrigin describes how the index was created.
// See: https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_index_list
IndexOrigin struct {
schema.Attr
O string
}
// A UUIDType defines a UUID type.
UUIDType struct {
schema.Type
T string
}
)
func columnParts(t string) []string {
t = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(t))
parts := strings.FieldsFunc(t, func(r rune) bool {
return r == '(' || r == ')' || r == ' ' || r == ','
})
for k := 0; k < 2; k++ {
// Join the type back if it was separated with space (e.g. 'varying character').
if len(parts) > 1 && !isNumber(parts[0]) && !isNumber(parts[1]) {
parts[1] = parts[0] + " " + parts[1]
parts = parts[1:]
}
}
return parts
}
func defaultExpr(x string) schema.Expr {
switch {
// Literals definition.
// https://www.sqlite.org/syntax/literal-value.html
case sqlx.IsLiteralBool(x), sqlx.IsLiteralNumber(x), sqlx.IsQuoted(x, '"', '\''), isBlob(x):
return &schema.Literal{V: x}
default:
// We wrap the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP literals in raw-expressions
// as they are not parsable in most decoders.
return &schema.RawExpr{X: x}
}
}
// isNumber reports whether the string is a number (category N).
func isNumber(s string) bool {
for _, r := range s {
if !unicode.IsNumber(r) {
return false
}
}
return true
}
// blob literals are hex strings preceded by 'x' (or 'X).
func isBlob(s string) bool {
if (strings.HasPrefix(s, "x'") || strings.HasPrefix(s, "X'")) && strings.HasSuffix(s, "'") {
_, err := strconv.ParseUint(s[2:len(s)-1], 16, 64)
return err == nil
}
return false
}
var reAutoinc = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)(?:[(,]\\s*)[\"`]?(\\w+)[\"`]?\\s+INTEGER\\s+[^,]*PRIMARY\\s+KEY\\s+[^,]*AUTOINCREMENT")
// autoinc checks if the table contains a "PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT" on its
// CREATE statement, according to https://www.sqlite.org/syntax/column-constraint.html.
// This is a workaround until we will embed a proper SQLite parser in atlas.
func autoinc(t *schema.Table) error {
var c CreateStmt
if !sqlx.Has(t.Attrs, &c) {
return fmt.Errorf("missing CREATE statement for table: %q", t.Name)
}
if t.PrimaryKey == nil || len(t.PrimaryKey.Parts) != 1 || t.PrimaryKey.Parts[0].C == nil {
return nil
}
matches := reAutoinc.FindStringSubmatch(c.S)
if len(matches) != 2 {
return nil
}
pkc, ok := t.Column(matches[1])
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: column %q was not found for AUTOINCREMENT", matches[1])
}
if t.PrimaryKey == nil || len(t.PrimaryKey.Parts) != 1 || t.PrimaryKey.Parts[0].C != pkc {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: unexpected primary key: %v", t.PrimaryKey)
}
inc := &AutoIncrement{}
// Annotate table elements with "AUTOINCREMENT".
t.PrimaryKey.Attrs = append(t.PrimaryKey.Attrs, inc)
pkc.Attrs = append(pkc.Attrs, inc)
return nil
}
// setGenExpr extracts the generated expression from the CREATE statement
// and appends it to the column.
func setGenExpr(t *schema.Table, c *schema.Column, f int64) error {
var s CreateStmt
if !sqlx.Has(t.Attrs, &s) {
return fmt.Errorf("missing CREATE statement for table: %q", t.Name)
}
re, err := regexp.Compile(fmt.Sprintf("(?:[(,]\\s*)[\"`]*(%s)[\"`]*[^,]*(?i:GENERATED\\s+ALWAYS)*\\s*(?i:AS){1}\\s*\\(", c.Name))
if err != nil {
return err
}
idx := re.FindAllStringIndex(s.S, 1)
if len(idx) != 1 || len(idx[0]) != 2 {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: generation expression for column %q was not found in create statement", c.Name)
}
expr := scanExpr(s.S[idx[0][1]-1:])
if expr == "" {
return fmt.Errorf("sqlite: unexpected empty generation expression for column %q", c.Name)
}
typ := virtual
if f == 3 {
typ = stored
}
c.SetGeneratedExpr(&schema.GeneratedExpr{Expr: expr, Type: typ})
return nil
}
// The following regexes extract named FKs and CHECK constraints defined in table-constraints or inlined
// as column-constraints. Note, we assume the SQL statements are valid as they are returned by SQLite.
var (
reFKC = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)(?:[(,]\\s*)[\"`]*(\\w+)[\"`]*[^,]*\\s+CONSTRAINT\\s+[\"`]*(\\w+)[\"`]*\\s+REFERENCES\\s+[\"`]*(\\w+)[\"`]*\\s*\\(([,\"` \\w]+)\\)")
reFKT = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)CONSTRAINT\\s+[\"`]*(\\w+)[\"`]*\\s+FOREIGN\\s+KEY\\s*\\(([,\"` \\w]+)\\)\\s+REFERENCES\\s+[\"`]*(\\w+)[\"`]*\\s*\\(([,\"` \\w]+)\\)")
reCheck = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)(?:CONSTRAINT\\s+[\"`]?(\\w+)[\"`]?\\s+)?CHECK\\s*\\(")
)
// fillConstName fills foreign-key constrain names from CREATE TABLE statement.
func fillConstName(t *schema.Table) error {
var c CreateStmt
if !sqlx.Has(t.Attrs, &c) {
return fmt.Errorf("missing CREATE statement for table: %q", t.Name)
}
// Loop over table constraints.
for _, m := range reFKT.FindAllStringSubmatch(c.S, -1) {
if len(m) != 5 {
return fmt.Errorf("unexpected number of matches for a table constraint: %q", m)
}
// Pattern matches "constraint_name", "columns", "ref_table" and "ref_columns".
for _, fk := range t.ForeignKeys {
// Found a foreign-key match for the constraint.
if matchFK(fk, columns(m[2]), m[3], columns(m[4])) {
fk.Symbol = m[1]
break
}
}
}
// Loop over inlined column constraints.
for _, m := range reFKC.FindAllStringSubmatch(c.S, -1) {
if len(m) != 5 {
return fmt.Errorf("unexpected number of matches for a column constraint: %q", m)
}
// Pattern matches "column", "constraint_name", "ref_table" and "ref_columns".
for _, fk := range t.ForeignKeys {
// Found a foreign-key match for the constraint.
if matchFK(fk, columns(m[1]), m[3], columns(m[4])) {
fk.Symbol = m[2]
break
}
}
}
return nil
}
// columns from the matched regex above.
func columns(s string) []string {
names := strings.Split(s, ",")
for i := range names {
names[i] = strings.Trim(strings.TrimSpace(names[i]), "`\"")
}
return names
}
// matchFK reports if the foreign-key matches the given attributes.
func matchFK(fk *schema.ForeignKey, columns []string, refTable string, refColumns []string) bool {
if len(fk.Columns) != len(columns) || fk.RefTable.Name != refTable || len(fk.RefColumns) != len(refColumns) {
return false
}
for i := range columns {
if fk.Columns[i].Name != columns[i] {
return false
}
}
for i := range refColumns {
if fk.RefColumns[i].Name != refColumns[i] {
return false
}
}
return true
}
// fillChecks extracts the CHECK constrains from the CREATE TABLE statement,
// and appends them to the table attributes.
func fillChecks(t *schema.Table) error {
var c CreateStmt
if !sqlx.Has(t.Attrs, &c) {
return fmt.Errorf("missing CREATE statement for table: %q", t.Name)
}
for i := 0; i < len(c.S); {
idx := reCheck.FindStringSubmatchIndex(c.S[i:])
// No more matches.
if len(idx) != 4 {
break
}
check := &schema.Check{Expr: scanExpr(c.S[idx[1]-1:])}
// Matching group for constraint name.
if idx[2] != -1 && idx[3] != -1 {
check.Name = c.S[idx[2]:idx[3]]
}
t.Attrs = append(t.Attrs, check)
c.S = c.S[idx[1]+len(check.Expr)-1:]
}
return nil
}
// scanExpr scans the expression string (wrapped with parens)
// until its end in the given string. e.g. "(a+1), c int ...".
func scanExpr(expr string) string {
var r, l int
for i := 0; i < len(expr); i++ {
switch expr[i] {
case '(':
r++
case ')':
l++
case '\'', '"':
// Skip unescaped strings.
if j := strings.IndexByte(expr[i+1:], expr[i]); j != -1 {
i += j + 1
}
}
// Balanced parens.
if r == l {
return expr[:i+1]
}
}
return ""
}
const (
// Name of main database file.
mainFile = "main"
// Query to list attached database files.
databasesQuery = "SELECT `name`, `file` FROM pragma_database_list() WHERE `name` <> 'temp'"
databasesQueryArgs = "SELECT `name`, `file` FROM pragma_database_list() WHERE `name` IN (%s)"
// Query to list database tables.
tablesQuery = "SELECT `name`, `sql` FROM sqlite_master WHERE `type` = 'table' AND `name` NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'"
// Query to list table information.
columnsQuery = "SELECT `name`, `type`, (not `notnull`) AS `nullable`, `dflt_value`, (`pk` <> 0) AS `pk`, `hidden` FROM pragma_table_xinfo('%s') ORDER BY `pk`, `cid`"
// Query to list table indexes.
indexesQuery = "SELECT `il`.`name`, `il`.`unique`, `il`.`origin`, `il`.`partial`, `m`.`sql` FROM pragma_index_list('%s') AS il JOIN sqlite_master AS m ON il.name = m.name"
// Query to list index columns.
indexColumnsQuery = "SELECT name, desc FROM pragma_index_xinfo('%s') WHERE key = 1 ORDER BY seqno"
// Query to list table foreign-keys.
fksQuery = "SELECT `id`, `from`, `to`, `table`, `on_update`, `on_delete` FROM pragma_foreign_key_list('%s') ORDER BY id, seq"
)
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