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// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package smtp
import (
"crypto/tls"
"encoding/base64"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"net"
"net/textproto"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/emersion/go-sasl"
)
// A Client represents a client connection to an SMTP server.
type Client struct {
// keep a reference to the connection so it can be used to create a TLS
// connection later
conn net.Conn
text *textproto.Conn
serverName string
lmtp bool
ext map[string]string // supported extensions
localName string // the name to use in HELO/EHLO/LHLO
didHello bool // whether we've said HELO/EHLO/LHLO
helloError error // the error from the hello
rcpts []string // recipients accumulated for the current session
// Time to wait for command responses (this includes 3xx reply to DATA).
CommandTimeout time.Duration
// Time to wait for responses after final dot.
SubmissionTimeout time.Duration
// Logger for all network activity.
DebugWriter io.Writer
}
// 30 seconds was chosen as it's the same duration as http.DefaultTransport's
// timeout.
var defaultDialer = net.Dialer{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
// Dial returns a new Client connected to an SMTP server at addr. The addr must
// include a port, as in "mail.example.com:smtp".
//
// This function returns a plaintext connection. To enable TLS, use
// DialStartTLS.
func Dial(addr string) (*Client, error) {
conn, err := defaultDialer.Dial("tcp", addr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
client := NewClient(conn)
client.serverName, _, _ = net.SplitHostPort(addr)
return client, nil
}
// DialTLS returns a new Client connected to an SMTP server via TLS at addr.
// The addr must include a port, as in "mail.example.com:smtps".
//
// A nil tlsConfig is equivalent to a zero tls.Config.
func DialTLS(addr string, tlsConfig *tls.Config) (*Client, error) {
tlsDialer := tls.Dialer{
NetDialer: &defaultDialer,
Config: tlsConfig,
}
conn, err := tlsDialer.Dial("tcp", addr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
client := NewClient(conn)
client.serverName, _, _ = net.SplitHostPort(addr)
return client, nil
}
// DialStartTLS retruns a new Client connected to an SMTP server via STARTTLS
// at addr. The addr must include a port, as in "mail.example.com:smtp".
//
// A nil tlsConfig is equivalent to a zero tls.Config.
func DialStartTLS(addr string, tlsConfig *tls.Config) (*Client, error) {
c, err := Dial(addr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := initStartTLS(c, tlsConfig); err != nil {
c.Close()
return nil, err
}
return c, nil
}
// NewClient returns a new Client using an existing connection and host as a
// server name to be used when authenticating.
func NewClient(conn net.Conn) *Client {
c := &Client{
localName: "localhost",
// As recommended by RFC 5321. For DATA command reply (3xx one) RFC
// recommends a slightly shorter timeout but we do not bother
// differentiating these.
CommandTimeout: 5 * time.Minute,
// 10 minutes + 2 minute buffer in case the server is doing transparent
// forwarding and also follows recommended timeouts.
SubmissionTimeout: 12 * time.Minute,
}
c.setConn(conn)
return c
}
// NewClientStartTLS creates a new Client and performs a STARTTLS command.
func NewClientStartTLS(conn net.Conn, tlsConfig *tls.Config) (*Client, error) {
c := NewClient(conn)
if err := initStartTLS(c, tlsConfig); err != nil {
c.Close()
return nil, err
}
return c, nil
}
func initStartTLS(c *Client, tlsConfig *tls.Config) error {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
if ok, _ := c.Extension("STARTTLS"); !ok {
return errors.New("smtp: server doesn't support STARTTLS")
}
if err := c.startTLS(tlsConfig); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// NewClientLMTP returns a new LMTP Client (as defined in RFC 2033) using an
// existing connection and host as a server name to be used when authenticating.
func NewClientLMTP(conn net.Conn) *Client {
c := NewClient(conn)
c.lmtp = true
return c
}
// setConn sets the underlying network connection for the client.
func (c *Client) setConn(conn net.Conn) {
c.conn = conn
var r io.Reader = conn
var w io.Writer = conn
r = &lineLimitReader{
R: conn,
// Doubled maximum line length per RFC 5321 (Section 4.5.3.1.6)
LineLimit: 2000,
}
r = io.TeeReader(r, clientDebugWriter{c})
w = io.MultiWriter(w, clientDebugWriter{c})
rwc := struct {
io.Reader
io.Writer
io.Closer
}{
Reader: r,
Writer: w,
Closer: conn,
}
c.text = textproto.NewConn(rwc)
}
// Close closes the connection.
func (c *Client) Close() error {
return c.text.Close()
}
func (c *Client) greet() error {
// Initial greeting timeout. RFC 5321 recommends 5 minutes.
c.conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(c.CommandTimeout))
defer c.conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
_, _, err := c.readResponse(220)
if err != nil {
c.text.Close()
return err
}
return nil
}
// hello runs a hello exchange if needed.
func (c *Client) hello() error {
if c.didHello {
return c.helloError
}
c.didHello = true
if err := c.greet(); err != nil {
c.helloError = err
return c.helloError
}
if err := c.ehlo(); err != nil {
var smtpError *SMTPError
if errors.As(err, &smtpError) && (smtpError.Code == 500 || smtpError.Code == 502) {
// The server doesn't support EHLO, fallback to HELO
c.helloError = c.helo()
} else {
c.helloError = err
}
}
return c.helloError
}
// Hello sends a HELO or EHLO to the server as the given host name.
// Calling this method is only necessary if the client needs control
// over the host name used. The client will introduce itself as "localhost"
// automatically otherwise. If Hello is called, it must be called before
// any of the other methods.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) Hello(localName string) error {
if err := validateLine(localName); err != nil {
return err
}
if c.didHello {
return errors.New("smtp: Hello called after other methods")
}
c.localName = localName
return c.hello()
}
func (c *Client) readResponse(expectCode int) (int, string, error) {
code, msg, err := c.text.ReadResponse(expectCode)
if protoErr, ok := err.(*textproto.Error); ok {
err = toSMTPErr(protoErr)
}
return code, msg, err
}
// cmd is a convenience function that sends a command and returns the response
// textproto.Error returned by c.text.ReadResponse is converted into SMTPError.
func (c *Client) cmd(expectCode int, format string, args ...interface{}) (int, string, error) {
c.conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(c.CommandTimeout))
defer c.conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
id, err := c.text.Cmd(format, args...)
if err != nil {
return 0, "", err
}
c.text.StartResponse(id)
defer c.text.EndResponse(id)
return c.readResponse(expectCode)
}
// helo sends the HELO greeting to the server. It should be used only when the
// server does not support ehlo.
func (c *Client) helo() error {
c.ext = nil
_, _, err := c.cmd(250, "HELO %s", c.localName)
return err
}
// ehlo sends the EHLO (extended hello) greeting to the server. It
// should be the preferred greeting for servers that support it.
func (c *Client) ehlo() error {
cmd := "EHLO"
if c.lmtp {
cmd = "LHLO"
}
_, msg, err := c.cmd(250, "%s %s", cmd, c.localName)
if err != nil {
return err
}
ext := make(map[string]string)
extList := strings.Split(msg, "\n")
if len(extList) > 1 {
extList = extList[1:]
for _, line := range extList {
args := strings.SplitN(line, " ", 2)
if len(args) > 1 {
ext[args[0]] = args[1]
} else {
ext[args[0]] = ""
}
}
}
c.ext = ext
return err
}
// startTLS sends the STARTTLS command and encrypts all further communication.
// Only servers that advertise the STARTTLS extension support this function.
//
// A nil config is equivalent to a zero tls.Config.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) startTLS(config *tls.Config) error {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
_, _, err := c.cmd(220, "STARTTLS")
if err != nil {
return err
}
if config == nil {
config = &tls.Config{}
}
if config.ServerName == "" && c.serverName != "" {
// Make a copy to avoid polluting argument
config = config.Clone()
config.ServerName = c.serverName
}
if testHookStartTLS != nil {
testHookStartTLS(config)
}
c.setConn(tls.Client(c.conn, config))
return c.ehlo()
}
// TLSConnectionState returns the client's TLS connection state.
// The return values are their zero values if STARTTLS did
// not succeed.
func (c *Client) TLSConnectionState() (state tls.ConnectionState, ok bool) {
tc, ok := c.conn.(*tls.Conn)
if !ok {
return
}
return tc.ConnectionState(), true
}
// Verify checks the validity of an email address on the server.
// If Verify returns nil, the address is valid. A non-nil return
// does not necessarily indicate an invalid address. Many servers
// will not verify addresses for security reasons.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) Verify(addr string) error {
if err := validateLine(addr); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
_, _, err := c.cmd(250, "VRFY %s", addr)
return err
}
// Auth authenticates a client using the provided authentication mechanism.
// Only servers that advertise the AUTH extension support this function.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) Auth(a sasl.Client) error {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
encoding := base64.StdEncoding
mech, resp, err := a.Start()
if err != nil {
return err
}
var resp64 []byte
if len(resp) > 0 {
resp64 = make([]byte, encoding.EncodedLen(len(resp)))
encoding.Encode(resp64, resp)
} else if resp != nil {
resp64 = []byte{'='}
}
code, msg64, err := c.cmd(0, strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("AUTH %s %s", mech, resp64)))
for err == nil {
var msg []byte
switch code {
case 334:
msg, err = encoding.DecodeString(msg64)
case 235:
// the last message isn't base64 because it isn't a challenge
msg = []byte(msg64)
default:
err = toSMTPErr(&textproto.Error{Code: code, Msg: msg64})
}
if err == nil {
if code == 334 {
resp, err = a.Next(msg)
} else {
resp = nil
}
}
if err != nil {
// abort the AUTH
c.cmd(501, "*")
break
}
if resp == nil {
break
}
resp64 = make([]byte, encoding.EncodedLen(len(resp)))
encoding.Encode(resp64, resp)
code, msg64, err = c.cmd(0, string(resp64))
}
return err
}
// Mail issues a MAIL command to the server using the provided email address.
// If the server supports the 8BITMIME extension, Mail adds the BODY=8BITMIME
// parameter.
// This initiates a mail transaction and is followed by one or more Rcpt calls.
//
// If opts is not nil, MAIL arguments provided in the structure will be added
// to the command. Handling of unsupported options depends on the extension.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) Mail(from string, opts *MailOptions) error {
if err := validateLine(from); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
var sb strings.Builder
// A high enough power of 2 than 510+14+26+11+9+9+39+500
sb.Grow(2048)
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "MAIL FROM:<%s>", from)
if _, ok := c.ext["8BITMIME"]; ok {
sb.WriteString(" BODY=8BITMIME")
}
if _, ok := c.ext["SIZE"]; ok && opts != nil && opts.Size != 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " SIZE=%v", opts.Size)
}
if opts != nil && opts.RequireTLS {
if _, ok := c.ext["REQUIRETLS"]; ok {
sb.WriteString(" REQUIRETLS")
} else {
return errors.New("smtp: server does not support REQUIRETLS")
}
}
if opts != nil && opts.UTF8 {
if _, ok := c.ext["SMTPUTF8"]; ok {
sb.WriteString(" SMTPUTF8")
} else {
return errors.New("smtp: server does not support SMTPUTF8")
}
}
if _, ok := c.ext["DSN"]; ok && opts != nil {
switch opts.Return {
case DSNReturnFull, DSNReturnHeaders:
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " RET=%s", string(opts.Return))
case "":
// This space is intentionally left blank
default:
return errors.New("smtp: Unknown RET parameter value")
}
if opts.EnvelopeID != "" {
if !isPrintableASCII(opts.EnvelopeID) {
return errors.New("smtp: Malformed ENVID parameter value")
}
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " ENVID=%s", encodeXtext(opts.EnvelopeID))
}
}
if opts != nil && opts.Auth != nil {
if _, ok := c.ext["AUTH"]; ok {
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " AUTH=%s", encodeXtext(*opts.Auth))
}
// We can safely discard parameter if server does not support AUTH.
}
_, _, err := c.cmd(250, "%s", sb.String())
return err
}
// Rcpt issues a RCPT command to the server using the provided email address.
// A call to Rcpt must be preceded by a call to Mail and may be followed by
// a Data call or another Rcpt call.
//
// If opts is not nil, RCPT arguments provided in the structure will be added
// to the command. Handling of unsupported options depends on the extension.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) Rcpt(to string, opts *RcptOptions) error {
if err := validateLine(to); err != nil {
return err
}
var sb strings.Builder
// A high enough power of 2 than 510+29+501
sb.Grow(2048)
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "RCPT TO:<%s>", to)
if _, ok := c.ext["DSN"]; ok && opts != nil {
if opts.Notify != nil && len(opts.Notify) != 0 {
sb.WriteString(" NOTIFY=")
if err := checkNotifySet(opts.Notify); err != nil {
return errors.New("smtp: Malformed NOTIFY parameter value")
}
for i, v := range opts.Notify {
if i != 0 {
sb.WriteString(",")
}
sb.WriteString(string(v))
}
}
if opts.OriginalRecipient != "" {
var enc string
switch opts.OriginalRecipientType {
case DSNAddressTypeRFC822:
if !isPrintableASCII(opts.OriginalRecipient) {
return errors.New("smtp: Illegal address")
}
enc = encodeXtext(opts.OriginalRecipient)
case DSNAddressTypeUTF8:
if _, ok := c.ext["SMTPUTF8"]; ok {
enc = encodeUTF8AddrUnitext(opts.OriginalRecipient)
} else {
enc = encodeUTF8AddrXtext(opts.OriginalRecipient)
}
default:
return errors.New("smtp: Unknown address type")
}
fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " ORCPT=%s;%s", string(opts.OriginalRecipientType), enc)
}
}
if _, _, err := c.cmd(25, "%s", sb.String()); err != nil {
return err
}
c.rcpts = append(c.rcpts, to)
return nil
}
type dataCloser struct {
c *Client
io.WriteCloser
statusCb func(rcpt string, status *SMTPError)
closed bool
}
func (d *dataCloser) Close() error {
if d.closed {
return fmt.Errorf("smtp: data writer closed twice")
}
if err := d.WriteCloser.Close(); err != nil {
return err
}
d.c.conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(d.c.SubmissionTimeout))
defer d.c.conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
expectedResponses := len(d.c.rcpts)
if d.c.lmtp {
for expectedResponses > 0 {
rcpt := d.c.rcpts[len(d.c.rcpts)-expectedResponses]
if _, _, err := d.c.readResponse(250); err != nil {
if smtpErr, ok := err.(*SMTPError); ok {
if d.statusCb != nil {
d.statusCb(rcpt, smtpErr)
}
} else {
return err
}
} else if d.statusCb != nil {
d.statusCb(rcpt, nil)
}
expectedResponses--
}
} else {
_, _, err := d.c.readResponse(250)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
d.closed = true
return nil
}
// Data issues a DATA command to the server and returns a writer that
// can be used to write the mail headers and body. The caller should
// close the writer before calling any more methods on c. A call to
// Data must be preceded by one or more calls to Rcpt.
//
// If server returns an error, it will be of type *SMTPError.
func (c *Client) Data() (io.WriteCloser, error) {
_, _, err := c.cmd(354, "DATA")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &dataCloser{c: c, WriteCloser: c.text.DotWriter()}, nil
}
// LMTPData is the LMTP-specific version of the Data method. It accepts a callback
// that will be called for each status response received from the server.
//
// Status callback will receive a SMTPError argument for each negative server
// reply and nil for each positive reply. I/O errors will not be reported using
// callback and instead will be returned by the Close method of io.WriteCloser.
// Callback will be called for each successfull Rcpt call done before in the
// same order.
func (c *Client) LMTPData(statusCb func(rcpt string, status *SMTPError)) (io.WriteCloser, error) {
if !c.lmtp {
return nil, errors.New("smtp: not a LMTP client")
}
_, _, err := c.cmd(354, "DATA")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &dataCloser{c: c, WriteCloser: c.text.DotWriter(), statusCb: statusCb}, nil
}
// SendMail will use an existing connection to send an email from
// address from, to addresses to, with message r.
//
// This function does not start TLS, nor does it perform authentication. Use
// DialStartTLS and Auth before-hand if desirable.
//
// The addresses in the to parameter are the SMTP RCPT addresses.
//
// The r parameter should be an RFC 822-style email with headers
// first, a blank line, and then the message body. The lines of r
// should be CRLF terminated. The r headers should usually include
// fields such as "From", "To", "Subject", and "Cc". Sending "Bcc"
// messages is accomplished by including an email address in the to
// parameter but not including it in the r headers.
func (c *Client) SendMail(from string, to []string, r io.Reader) error {
var err error
if err = c.Mail(from, nil); err != nil {
return err
}
for _, addr := range to {
if err = c.Rcpt(addr, nil); err != nil {
return err
}
}
w, err := c.Data()
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = io.Copy(w, r)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return w.Close()
}
var testHookStartTLS func(*tls.Config) // nil, except for tests
func sendMail(addr string, implicitTLS bool, a sasl.Client, from string, to []string, r io.Reader) error {
if err := validateLine(from); err != nil {
return err
}
for _, recp := range to {
if err := validateLine(recp); err != nil {
return err
}
}
var (
c *Client
err error
)
if implicitTLS {
c, err = DialTLS(addr, nil)
} else {
c, err = DialStartTLS(addr, nil)
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer c.Close()
if a != nil {
if ok, _ := c.Extension("AUTH"); !ok {
return errors.New("smtp: server doesn't support AUTH")
}
if err = c.Auth(a); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if err := c.SendMail(from, to, r); err != nil {
return err
}
return c.Quit()
}
// SendMail connects to the server at addr, switches to TLS, authenticates with
// the optional SASL client, and then sends an email from address from, to
// addresses to, with message r. The addr must include a port, as in
// "mail.example.com:smtp".
//
// The addresses in the to parameter are the SMTP RCPT addresses.
//
// The r parameter should be an RFC 822-style email with headers
// first, a blank line, and then the message body. The lines of r
// should be CRLF terminated. The r headers should usually include
// fields such as "From", "To", "Subject", and "Cc". Sending "Bcc"
// messages is accomplished by including an email address in the to
// parameter but not including it in the r headers.
//
// SendMail is intended to be used for very simple use-cases. If you want to
// customize SendMail's behavior, use a Client instead.
//
// The SendMail function and the go-smtp package are low-level
// mechanisms and provide no support for DKIM signing (see go-msgauth), MIME
// attachments (see the mime/multipart package or the go-message package), or
// other mail functionality.
func SendMail(addr string, a sasl.Client, from string, to []string, r io.Reader) error {
return sendMail(addr, false, a, from, to, r)
}
// SendMailTLS works like SendMail, but with implicit TLS.
func SendMailTLS(addr string, a sasl.Client, from string, to []string, r io.Reader) error {
return sendMail(addr, true, a, from, to, r)
}
// Extension reports whether an extension is support by the server.
// The extension name is case-insensitive. If the extension is supported,
// Extension also returns a string that contains any parameters the
// server specifies for the extension.
func (c *Client) Extension(ext string) (bool, string) {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return false, ""
}
ext = strings.ToUpper(ext)
param, ok := c.ext[ext]
return ok, param
}
// SupportsAuth checks whether an authentication mechanism is supported.
func (c *Client) SupportsAuth(mech string) bool {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return false
}
mechs, ok := c.ext["AUTH"]
if !ok {
return false
}
for _, m := range strings.Split(mechs, " ") {
if strings.EqualFold(m, mech) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// MaxMessageSize returns the maximum message size accepted by the server.
// 0 means unlimited.
//
// If the server doesn't convey this information, ok = false is returned.
func (c *Client) MaxMessageSize() (size int, ok bool) {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return 0, false
}
v := c.ext["SIZE"]
if v == "" {
return 0, false
}
size, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
if err != nil || size < 0 {
return 0, false
}
return size, true
}
// Reset sends the RSET command to the server, aborting the current mail
// transaction.
func (c *Client) Reset() error {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, _, err := c.cmd(250, "RSET"); err != nil {
return err
}
c.rcpts = nil
return nil
}
// Noop sends the NOOP command to the server. It does nothing but check
// that the connection to the server is okay.
func (c *Client) Noop() error {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
_, _, err := c.cmd(250, "NOOP")
return err
}
// Quit sends the QUIT command and closes the connection to the server.
//
// If Quit fails the connection is not closed, Close should be used
// in this case.
func (c *Client) Quit() error {
if err := c.hello(); err != nil {
return err
}
_, _, err := c.cmd(221, "QUIT")
if err != nil {
return err
}
return c.Close()
}
func parseEnhancedCode(s string) (EnhancedCode, error) {
parts := strings.Split(s, ".")
if len(parts) != 3 {
return EnhancedCode{}, fmt.Errorf("wrong amount of enhanced code parts")
}
code := EnhancedCode{}
for i, part := range parts {
num, err := strconv.Atoi(part)
if err != nil {
return code, err
}
code[i] = num
}
return code, nil
}
// toSMTPErr converts textproto.Error into SMTPError, parsing
// enhanced status code if it is present.
func toSMTPErr(protoErr *textproto.Error) *SMTPError {
smtpErr := &SMTPError{
Code: protoErr.Code,
Message: protoErr.Msg,
}
parts := strings.SplitN(protoErr.Msg, " ", 2)
if len(parts) != 2 {
return smtpErr
}
enchCode, err := parseEnhancedCode(parts[0])
if err != nil {
return smtpErr
}
msg := parts[1]
// Per RFC 2034, enhanced code should be prepended to each line.
msg = strings.ReplaceAll(msg, "\n"+parts[0]+" ", "\n")
smtpErr.EnhancedCode = enchCode
smtpErr.Message = msg
return smtpErr
}
type clientDebugWriter struct {
c *Client
}
func (cdw clientDebugWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
if cdw.c.DebugWriter == nil {
return len(b), nil
}
return cdw.c.DebugWriter.Write(b)
}
// validateLine checks to see if a line has CR or LF.
func validateLine(line string) error {
if strings.ContainsAny(line, "\n\r") {
return errors.New("smtp: a line must not contain CR or LF")
}
return nil
}
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