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// Copyright 2016-2018 The NATS Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package server
import (
"bytes"
"errors"
"strings"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
)
// Sublist is a routing mechanism to handle subject distribution and
// provides a facility to match subjects from published messages to
// interested subscribers. Subscribers can have wildcard subjects to
// match multiple published subjects.
// Common byte variables for wildcards and token separator.
const (
pwc = '*'
fwc = '>'
tsep = "."
btsep = '.'
)
// Sublist related errors
var (
ErrInvalidSubject = errors.New("sublist: Invalid Subject")
ErrNotFound = errors.New("sublist: No Matches Found")
)
const (
// cacheMax is used to bound limit the frontend cache
slCacheMax = 1024
// If we run a sweeper we will drain to this count.
slCacheSweep = 512
// plistMin is our lower bounds to create a fast plist for Match.
plistMin = 256
)
// SublistResult is a result structure better optimized for queue subs.
type SublistResult struct {
psubs []*subscription
qsubs [][]*subscription // don't make this a map, too expensive to iterate
}
// A Sublist stores and efficiently retrieves subscriptions.
type Sublist struct {
sync.RWMutex
genid uint64
matches uint64
cacheHits uint64
inserts uint64
removes uint64
root *level
cache sync.Map
cacheNum int32
ccSweep int32
count uint32
}
// A node contains subscriptions and a pointer to the next level.
type node struct {
next *level
psubs map[*subscription]*subscription
qsubs map[string](map[*subscription]*subscription)
plist []*subscription
}
// A level represents a group of nodes and special pointers to
// wildcard nodes.
type level struct {
nodes map[string]*node
pwc, fwc *node
}
// Create a new default node.
func newNode() *node {
return &node{psubs: make(map[*subscription]*subscription)}
}
// Create a new default level.
func newLevel() *level {
return &level{nodes: make(map[string]*node)}
}
// NewSublist will create a default sublist
func NewSublist() *Sublist {
return &Sublist{root: newLevel()}
}
// Insert adds a subscription into the sublist
func (s *Sublist) Insert(sub *subscription) error {
// copy the subject since we hold this and this might be part of a large byte slice.
subject := string(sub.subject)
tsa := [32]string{}
tokens := tsa[:0]
start := 0
for i := 0; i < len(subject); i++ {
if subject[i] == btsep {
tokens = append(tokens, subject[start:i])
start = i + 1
}
}
tokens = append(tokens, subject[start:])
s.Lock()
sfwc := false
l := s.root
var n *node
for _, t := range tokens {
lt := len(t)
if lt == 0 || sfwc {
s.Unlock()
return ErrInvalidSubject
}
if lt > 1 {
n = l.nodes[t]
} else {
switch t[0] {
case pwc:
n = l.pwc
case fwc:
n = l.fwc
sfwc = true
default:
n = l.nodes[t]
}
}
if n == nil {
n = newNode()
if lt > 1 {
l.nodes[t] = n
} else {
switch t[0] {
case pwc:
l.pwc = n
case fwc:
l.fwc = n
default:
l.nodes[t] = n
}
}
}
if n.next == nil {
n.next = newLevel()
}
l = n.next
}
if sub.queue == nil {
n.psubs[sub] = sub
if n.plist != nil {
n.plist = append(n.plist, sub)
} else if len(n.psubs) > plistMin {
n.plist = make([]*subscription, 0, len(n.psubs))
// Populate
for _, psub := range n.psubs {
n.plist = append(n.plist, psub)
}
}
} else {
if n.qsubs == nil {
n.qsubs = make(map[string]map[*subscription]*subscription)
}
qname := string(sub.queue)
// This is a queue subscription
subs, ok := n.qsubs[qname]
if !ok {
subs = make(map[*subscription]*subscription)
n.qsubs[qname] = subs
}
subs[sub] = sub
}
s.count++
s.inserts++
s.addToCache(subject, sub)
atomic.AddUint64(&s.genid, 1)
s.Unlock()
return nil
}
// Deep copy
func copyResult(r *SublistResult) *SublistResult {
nr := &SublistResult{}
nr.psubs = append([]*subscription(nil), r.psubs...)
for _, qr := range r.qsubs {
nqr := append([]*subscription(nil), qr...)
nr.qsubs = append(nr.qsubs, nqr)
}
return nr
}
// Adds a new sub to an existing result.
func (r *SublistResult) addSubToResult(sub *subscription) *SublistResult {
// Copy since others may have a reference.
nr := copyResult(r)
if sub.queue == nil {
nr.psubs = append(nr.psubs, sub)
} else {
if i := findQSlot(sub.queue, nr.qsubs); i >= 0 {
nr.qsubs[i] = append(nr.qsubs[i], sub)
} else {
nr.qsubs = append(nr.qsubs, []*subscription{sub})
}
}
return nr
}
// addToCache will add the new entry to the existing cache
// entries if needed. Assumes write lock is held.
func (s *Sublist) addToCache(subject string, sub *subscription) {
// If literal we can direct match.
if subjectIsLiteral(subject) {
if v, ok := s.cache.Load(subject); ok {
r := v.(*SublistResult)
s.cache.Store(subject, r.addSubToResult(sub))
}
return
}
s.cache.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
key := k.(string)
r := v.(*SublistResult)
if matchLiteral(key, subject) {
s.cache.Store(key, r.addSubToResult(sub))
}
return true
})
}
// removeFromCache will remove the sub from any active cache entries.
// Assumes write lock is held.
func (s *Sublist) removeFromCache(subject string, sub *subscription) {
// If literal we can direct match.
if subjectIsLiteral(subject) {
// Load for accounting
if _, ok := s.cache.Load(subject); ok {
s.cache.Delete(subject)
atomic.AddInt32(&s.cacheNum, -1)
}
return
}
s.cache.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
key := k.(string)
if matchLiteral(key, subject) {
// Since someone else may be referecing, can't modify the list
// safely, just let it re-populate.
s.cache.Delete(key)
atomic.AddInt32(&s.cacheNum, -1)
}
return true
})
}
// Match will match all entries to the literal subject.
// It will return a set of results for both normal and queue subscribers.
func (s *Sublist) Match(subject string) *SublistResult {
atomic.AddUint64(&s.matches, 1)
// Check cache first.
if r, ok := s.cache.Load(subject); ok {
atomic.AddUint64(&s.cacheHits, 1)
return r.(*SublistResult)
}
tsa := [32]string{}
tokens := tsa[:0]
start := 0
for i := 0; i < len(subject); i++ {
if subject[i] == btsep {
tokens = append(tokens, subject[start:i])
start = i + 1
}
}
tokens = append(tokens, subject[start:])
// FIXME(dlc) - Make shared pool between sublist and client readLoop?
result := &SublistResult{}
// Get result from the main structure and place into the shared cache.
// Hold the read lock to avoid race between match and store.
s.RLock()
matchLevel(s.root, tokens, result)
s.cache.Store(subject, result)
n := atomic.AddInt32(&s.cacheNum, 1)
s.RUnlock()
// Reduce the cache count if we have exceeded our set maximum.
if n > slCacheMax && atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&s.ccSweep, 0, 1) {
go s.reduceCacheCount()
}
return result
}
// Remove entries in the cache until we are under the maximum.
// TODO(dlc) this could be smarter now that its not inline.
func (s *Sublist) reduceCacheCount() {
defer atomic.StoreInt32(&s.ccSweep, 0)
// If we are over the cache limit randomly drop until under the limit.
s.cache.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
s.cache.Delete(k.(string))
n := atomic.AddInt32(&s.cacheNum, -1)
return n >= slCacheSweep
})
}
// Helper function for auto-expanding remote qsubs.
func isRemoteQSub(sub *subscription) bool {
return sub != nil && sub.queue != nil && sub.client != nil && sub.client.typ == ROUTER
}
// UpdateRemoteQSub should be called when we update the weight of an existing
// remote queue sub.
func (s *Sublist) UpdateRemoteQSub(sub *subscription) {
// We could search to make sure we find it, but probably not worth
// it unless we are thrashing the cache. Just remove from our L2 and update
// the genid so L1 will be flushed.
s.Lock()
s.removeFromCache(string(sub.subject), sub)
atomic.AddUint64(&s.genid, 1)
s.Unlock()
}
// This will add in a node's results to the total results.
func addNodeToResults(n *node, results *SublistResult) {
// Normal subscriptions
if n.plist != nil {
results.psubs = append(results.psubs, n.plist...)
} else {
for _, psub := range n.psubs {
results.psubs = append(results.psubs, psub)
}
}
// Queue subscriptions
for qname, qr := range n.qsubs {
if len(qr) == 0 {
continue
}
// Need to find matching list in results
var i int
if i = findQSlot([]byte(qname), results.qsubs); i < 0 {
i = len(results.qsubs)
nqsub := make([]*subscription, 0, len(qr))
results.qsubs = append(results.qsubs, nqsub)
}
for _, sub := range qr {
if isRemoteQSub(sub) {
ns := atomic.LoadInt32(&sub.qw)
// Shadow these subscriptions
for n := 0; n < int(ns); n++ {
results.qsubs[i] = append(results.qsubs[i], sub)
}
} else {
results.qsubs[i] = append(results.qsubs[i], sub)
}
}
}
}
// We do not use a map here since we want iteration to be past when
// processing publishes in L1 on client. So we need to walk sequentially
// for now. Keep an eye on this in case we start getting large number of
// different queue subscribers for the same subject.
func findQSlot(queue []byte, qsl [][]*subscription) int {
if queue == nil {
return -1
}
for i, qr := range qsl {
if len(qr) > 0 && bytes.Equal(queue, qr[0].queue) {
return i
}
}
return -1
}
// matchLevel is used to recursively descend into the trie.
func matchLevel(l *level, toks []string, results *SublistResult) {
var pwc, n *node
for i, t := range toks {
if l == nil {
return
}
if l.fwc != nil {
addNodeToResults(l.fwc, results)
}
if pwc = l.pwc; pwc != nil {
matchLevel(pwc.next, toks[i+1:], results)
}
n = l.nodes[t]
if n != nil {
l = n.next
} else {
l = nil
}
}
if n != nil {
addNodeToResults(n, results)
}
if pwc != nil {
addNodeToResults(pwc, results)
}
}
// lnt is used to track descent into levels for a removal for pruning.
type lnt struct {
l *level
n *node
t string
}
// Raw low level remove, can do batches with lock held outside.
func (s *Sublist) remove(sub *subscription, shouldLock bool) error {
subject := string(sub.subject)
tsa := [32]string{}
tokens := tsa[:0]
start := 0
for i := 0; i < len(subject); i++ {
if subject[i] == btsep {
tokens = append(tokens, subject[start:i])
start = i + 1
}
}
tokens = append(tokens, subject[start:])
if shouldLock {
s.Lock()
defer s.Unlock()
}
sfwc := false
l := s.root
var n *node
// Track levels for pruning
var lnts [32]lnt
levels := lnts[:0]
for _, t := range tokens {
lt := len(t)
if lt == 0 || sfwc {
return ErrInvalidSubject
}
if l == nil {
return ErrNotFound
}
if lt > 1 {
n = l.nodes[t]
} else {
switch t[0] {
case pwc:
n = l.pwc
case fwc:
n = l.fwc
sfwc = true
default:
n = l.nodes[t]
}
}
if n != nil {
levels = append(levels, lnt{l, n, t})
l = n.next
} else {
l = nil
}
}
if !s.removeFromNode(n, sub) {
return ErrNotFound
}
s.count--
s.removes++
for i := len(levels) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
l, n, t := levels[i].l, levels[i].n, levels[i].t
if n.isEmpty() {
l.pruneNode(n, t)
}
}
s.removeFromCache(subject, sub)
atomic.AddUint64(&s.genid, 1)
return nil
}
// Remove will remove a subscription.
func (s *Sublist) Remove(sub *subscription) error {
return s.remove(sub, true)
}
// RemoveBatch will remove a list of subscriptions.
func (s *Sublist) RemoveBatch(subs []*subscription) error {
s.Lock()
defer s.Unlock()
for _, sub := range subs {
if err := s.remove(sub, false); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func (s *Sublist) checkNodeForClientSubs(n *node, c *client) {
var removed uint32
for _, sub := range n.psubs {
if sub.client == c {
if s.removeFromNode(n, sub) {
s.removeFromCache(string(sub.subject), sub)
removed++
}
}
}
// Queue subscriptions
for _, qr := range n.qsubs {
for _, sub := range qr {
if sub.client == c {
if s.removeFromNode(n, sub) {
s.removeFromCache(string(sub.subject), sub)
removed++
}
}
}
}
s.count -= removed
s.removes += uint64(removed)
}
func (s *Sublist) removeClientSubs(l *level, c *client) {
for _, n := range l.nodes {
s.checkNodeForClientSubs(n, c)
s.removeClientSubs(n.next, c)
}
if l.pwc != nil {
s.checkNodeForClientSubs(l.pwc, c)
s.removeClientSubs(l.pwc.next, c)
}
if l.fwc != nil {
s.checkNodeForClientSubs(l.fwc, c)
s.removeClientSubs(l.fwc.next, c)
}
}
// RemoveAllForClient will remove all subscriptions for a given client.
func (s *Sublist) RemoveAllForClient(c *client) {
s.Lock()
removes := s.removes
s.removeClientSubs(s.root, c)
if s.removes != removes {
atomic.AddUint64(&s.genid, 1)
}
s.Unlock()
}
// pruneNode is used to prune an empty node from the tree.
func (l *level) pruneNode(n *node, t string) {
if n == nil {
return
}
if n == l.fwc {
l.fwc = nil
} else if n == l.pwc {
l.pwc = nil
} else {
delete(l.nodes, t)
}
}
// isEmpty will test if the node has any entries. Used
// in pruning.
func (n *node) isEmpty() bool {
if len(n.psubs) == 0 && len(n.qsubs) == 0 {
if n.next == nil || n.next.numNodes() == 0 {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// Return the number of nodes for the given level.
func (l *level) numNodes() int {
num := len(l.nodes)
if l.pwc != nil {
num++
}
if l.fwc != nil {
num++
}
return num
}
// Remove the sub for the given node.
func (s *Sublist) removeFromNode(n *node, sub *subscription) (found bool) {
if n == nil {
return false
}
if sub.queue == nil {
_, found = n.psubs[sub]
delete(n.psubs, sub)
if found && n.plist != nil {
// This will brute force remove the plist to perform
// correct behavior. Will get re-populated on a call
// to Match as needed.
n.plist = nil
}
return found
}
// We have a queue group subscription here
qsub := n.qsubs[string(sub.queue)]
_, found = qsub[sub]
delete(qsub, sub)
if len(qsub) == 0 {
delete(n.qsubs, string(sub.queue))
}
return found
}
// Count returns the number of subscriptions.
func (s *Sublist) Count() uint32 {
s.RLock()
defer s.RUnlock()
return s.count
}
// CacheCount returns the number of result sets in the cache.
func (s *Sublist) CacheCount() int {
return int(atomic.LoadInt32(&s.cacheNum))
}
// SublistStats are public stats for the sublist
type SublistStats struct {
NumSubs uint32 `json:"num_subscriptions"`
NumCache uint32 `json:"num_cache"`
NumInserts uint64 `json:"num_inserts"`
NumRemoves uint64 `json:"num_removes"`
NumMatches uint64 `json:"num_matches"`
CacheHitRate float64 `json:"cache_hit_rate"`
MaxFanout uint32 `json:"max_fanout"`
AvgFanout float64 `json:"avg_fanout"`
}
// Stats will return a stats structure for the current state.
func (s *Sublist) Stats() *SublistStats {
s.Lock()
defer s.Unlock()
st := &SublistStats{}
st.NumSubs = s.count
st.NumCache = uint32(atomic.LoadInt32(&s.cacheNum))
st.NumInserts = s.inserts
st.NumRemoves = s.removes
st.NumMatches = atomic.LoadUint64(&s.matches)
if st.NumMatches > 0 {
st.CacheHitRate = float64(atomic.LoadUint64(&s.cacheHits)) / float64(st.NumMatches)
}
// whip through cache for fanout stats, this can be off if cache is full and doing evictions.
tot, max := 0, 0
clen := 0
s.cache.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
clen++
r := v.(*SublistResult)
l := len(r.psubs) + len(r.qsubs)
tot += l
if l > max {
max = l
}
return true
})
st.MaxFanout = uint32(max)
if tot > 0 {
st.AvgFanout = float64(tot) / float64(clen)
}
return st
}
// numLevels will return the maximum number of levels
// contained in the Sublist tree.
func (s *Sublist) numLevels() int {
return visitLevel(s.root, 0)
}
// visitLevel is used to descend the Sublist tree structure
// recursively.
func visitLevel(l *level, depth int) int {
if l == nil || l.numNodes() == 0 {
return depth
}
depth++
maxDepth := depth
for _, n := range l.nodes {
if n == nil {
continue
}
newDepth := visitLevel(n.next, depth)
if newDepth > maxDepth {
maxDepth = newDepth
}
}
if l.pwc != nil {
pwcDepth := visitLevel(l.pwc.next, depth)
if pwcDepth > maxDepth {
maxDepth = pwcDepth
}
}
if l.fwc != nil {
fwcDepth := visitLevel(l.fwc.next, depth)
if fwcDepth > maxDepth {
maxDepth = fwcDepth
}
}
return maxDepth
}
// Determine if a subject has any wildcard tokens.
func subjectHasWildcard(subject string) bool {
return !subjectIsLiteral(subject)
}
// Determine if the subject has any wildcards. Fast version, does not check for
// valid subject. Used in caching layer.
func subjectIsLiteral(subject string) bool {
for i, c := range subject {
if c == pwc || c == fwc {
if (i == 0 || subject[i-1] == btsep) &&
(i+1 == len(subject) || subject[i+1] == btsep) {
return false
}
}
}
return true
}
// IsValidSubject returns true if a subject is valid, false otherwise
func IsValidSubject(subject string) bool {
if subject == "" {
return false
}
sfwc := false
tokens := strings.Split(subject, tsep)
for _, t := range tokens {
if len(t) == 0 || sfwc {
return false
}
if len(t) > 1 {
continue
}
switch t[0] {
case fwc:
sfwc = true
}
}
return true
}
// IsValidLiteralSubject returns true if a subject is valid and literal (no wildcards), false otherwise
func IsValidLiteralSubject(subject string) bool {
tokens := strings.Split(subject, tsep)
for _, t := range tokens {
if len(t) == 0 {
return false
}
if len(t) > 1 {
continue
}
switch t[0] {
case pwc, fwc:
return false
}
}
return true
}
// Calls into the function isSubsetMatch()
func subjectIsSubsetMatch(subject, test string) bool {
tsa := [32]string{}
tts := tsa[:0]
start := 0
for i := 0; i < len(subject); i++ {
if subject[i] == btsep {
tts = append(tts, subject[start:i])
start = i + 1
}
}
tts = append(tts, subject[start:])
return isSubsetMatch(tts, test)
}
// This will test a subject as an array of tokens against a test subject
// and determine if the tokens are matched. Both test subject and tokens
// may contain wildcards. So foo.* is a subset match of [">", "*.*", "foo.*"],
// but not of foo.bar, etc.
func isSubsetMatch(tokens []string, test string) bool {
tsa := [32]string{}
tts := tsa[:0]
start := 0
for i := 0; i < len(test); i++ {
if test[i] == btsep {
tts = append(tts, test[start:i])
start = i + 1
}
}
tts = append(tts, test[start:])
// Walk the target tokens
for i, t2 := range tts {
if i >= len(tokens) {
return false
}
if t2[0] == fwc && len(t2) == 1 {
return true
}
t1 := tokens[i]
if t1[0] == fwc && len(t1) == 1 {
return false
}
if t1[0] == pwc && len(t1) == 1 {
m := t2[0] == pwc && len(t2) == 1
if !m {
return false
}
if i >= len(tts) {
return true
}
continue
}
if t2[0] != pwc && strings.Compare(t1, t2) != 0 {
return false
}
}
return len(tokens) == len(tts)
}
// matchLiteral is used to test literal subjects, those that do not have any
// wildcards, with a target subject. This is used in the cache layer.
func matchLiteral(literal, subject string) bool {
li := 0
ll := len(literal)
ls := len(subject)
for i := 0; i < ls; i++ {
if li >= ll {
return false
}
// This function has been optimized for speed.
// For instance, do not set b:=subject[i] here since
// we may bump `i` in this loop to avoid `continue` or
// skipping common test in a particular test.
// Run Benchmark_SublistMatchLiteral before making any change.
switch subject[i] {
case pwc:
// NOTE: This is not testing validity of a subject, instead ensures
// that wildcards are treated as such if they follow some basic rules,
// namely that they are a token on their own.
if i == 0 || subject[i-1] == btsep {
if i == ls-1 {
// There is no more token in the subject after this wildcard.
// Skip token in literal and expect to not find a separator.
for {
// End of literal, this is a match.
if li >= ll {
return true
}
// Presence of separator, this can't be a match.
if literal[li] == btsep {
return false
}
li++
}
} else if subject[i+1] == btsep {
// There is another token in the subject after this wildcard.
// Skip token in literal and expect to get a separator.
for {
// We found the end of the literal before finding a separator,
// this can't be a match.
if li >= ll {
return false
}
if literal[li] == btsep {
break
}
li++
}
// Bump `i` since we know there is a `.` following, we are
// safe. The common test below is going to check `.` with `.`
// which is good. A `continue` here is too costly.
i++
}
}
case fwc:
// For `>` to be a wildcard, it means being the only or last character
// in the string preceded by a `.`
if (i == 0 || subject[i-1] == btsep) && i == ls-1 {
return true
}
}
if subject[i] != literal[li] {
return false
}
li++
}
// Make sure we have processed all of the literal's chars..
return li >= ll
}
func addLocalSub(sub *subscription, subs *[]*subscription) {
if sub != nil && sub.client != nil && sub.client.typ == CLIENT && sub.im == nil {
*subs = append(*subs, sub)
}
}
func (s *Sublist) addNodeToSubs(n *node, subs *[]*subscription) {
// Normal subscriptions
if n.plist != nil {
for _, sub := range n.plist {
addLocalSub(sub, subs)
}
} else {
for _, sub := range n.psubs {
addLocalSub(sub, subs)
}
}
// Queue subscriptions
for _, qr := range n.qsubs {
for _, sub := range qr {
addLocalSub(sub, subs)
}
}
}
func (s *Sublist) collectLocalSubs(l *level, subs *[]*subscription) {
for _, n := range l.nodes {
s.addNodeToSubs(n, subs)
s.collectLocalSubs(n.next, subs)
}
if l.pwc != nil {
s.addNodeToSubs(l.pwc, subs)
s.collectLocalSubs(l.pwc.next, subs)
}
if l.fwc != nil {
s.addNodeToSubs(l.fwc, subs)
s.collectLocalSubs(l.fwc.next, subs)
}
}
// Return all local client subscriptions. Use the supplied slice.
func (s *Sublist) localSubs(subs *[]*subscription) {
s.RLock()
s.collectLocalSubs(s.root, subs)
s.RUnlock()
}
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