# NATS - Go Client
A [Go](http://golang.org) client for the [NATS messaging system](https://nats.io).

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## Installation

```bash
# Go client
go get github.com/nats-io/go-nats

# Server
go get github.com/nats-io/gnatsd
```

## Basic Usage

```go

// Connect to a server
nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)

// Simple Publisher
nc.Publish("foo", []byte("Hello World"))

// Simple Async Subscriber
nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", string(m.Data))
})

// Simple Sync Subscriber
sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
m, err := sub.NextMsg(timeout)

// Channel Subscriber
ch := make(chan *nats.Msg, 64)
sub, err := nc.ChanSubscribe("foo", ch)
msg := <- ch

// Unsubscribe
sub.Unsubscribe()

// Drain
sub.Drain()

// Requests
msg, err := nc.Request("help", []byte("help me"), 10*time.Millisecond)

// Replies
nc.Subscribe("help", func(m *Msg) {
    nc.Publish(m.Reply, []byte("I can help!"))
})

// Drain connection (Preferred for responders)
// Close() not needed if this is called.
nc.Drain()

// Close connection
nc.Close()
```

## Encoded Connections

```go

nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
c, _ := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
defer c.Close()

// Simple Publisher
c.Publish("foo", "Hello World")

// Simple Async Subscriber
c.Subscribe("foo", func(s string) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", s)
})

// EncodedConn can Publish any raw Go type using the registered Encoder
type person struct {
     Name     string
     Address  string
     Age      int
}

// Go type Subscriber
c.Subscribe("hello", func(p *person) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a person: %+v\n", p)
})

me := &person{Name: "derek", Age: 22, Address: "140 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA"}

// Go type Publisher
c.Publish("hello", me)

// Unsubscribe
sub, err := c.Subscribe("foo", nil)
...
sub.Unsubscribe()

// Requests
var response string
err := c.Request("help", "help me", &response, 10*time.Millisecond)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Printf("Request failed: %v\n", err)
}

// Replying
c.Subscribe("help", func(subj, reply string, msg string) {
    c.Publish(reply, "I can help!")
})

// Close connection
c.Close();
```

## Nkey Authentication (server versions >= 2.0.0)
To authenticate with nkeys, the nkey seed should be in a read only file, e.g. seed.txt
```bash
> cat seed.txt
# This is my seed nkey!
SUAGMJH5XLGZKQQWAWKRZJIGMOU4HPFUYLXJMXOO5NLFEO2OOQJ5LPRDPM
```

This is a helper function which will load and decode and do the proper signing for the server nonce.
It will clear memory in between invocations.
You can choose to use the low level option and provide the public key and a signature callback on your own.

```go
opt, err := nats.NkeyOptionFromSeed("seed.txt")
nc, err := nats.Connect(serverUrl, opt)

```

## TLS

```go
// tls as a scheme will enable secure connections by default. This will also verify the server name.
nc, err := nats.Connect("tls://nats.demo.io:4443")

// If you are using a self-signed certificate, you need to have a tls.Config with RootCAs setup.
// We provide a helper method to make this case easier.
nc, err = nats.Connect("tls://localhost:4443", nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))

// If the server requires client certificate, there is an helper function for that too:
cert := nats.ClientCert("./configs/certs/client-cert.pem", "./configs/certs/client-key.pem")
nc, err = nats.Connect("tls://localhost:4443", cert)

// You can also supply a complete tls.Config

certFile := "./configs/certs/client-cert.pem"
keyFile := "./configs/certs/client-key.pem"
cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
if err != nil {
    t.Fatalf("error parsing X509 certificate/key pair: %v", err)
}

config := &tls.Config{
    ServerName: 	opts.Host,
    Certificates: 	[]tls.Certificate{cert},
    RootCAs:    	pool,
    MinVersion: 	tls.VersionTLS12,
}

nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4443", nats.Secure(config))
if err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("Got an error on Connect with Secure Options: %+v\n", err)
}

```

## Using Go Channels (netchan)

```go
nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
ec, _ := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
defer ec.Close()

type person struct {
     Name     string
     Address  string
     Age      int
}

recvCh := make(chan *person)
ec.BindRecvChan("hello", recvCh)

sendCh := make(chan *person)
ec.BindSendChan("hello", sendCh)

me := &person{Name: "derek", Age: 22, Address: "140 New Montgomery Street"}

// Send via Go channels
sendCh <- me

// Receive via Go channels
who := <- recvCh
```

## Wildcard Subscriptions

```go

// "*" matches any token, at any level of the subject.
nc.Subscribe("foo.*.baz", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})

nc.Subscribe("foo.bar.*", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})

// ">" matches any length of the tail of a subject, and can only be the last token
// E.g. 'foo.>' will match 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz', 'foo.foo.bar.bax.22'
nc.Subscribe("foo.>", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})

// Matches all of the above
nc.Publish("foo.bar.baz", []byte("Hello World"))

```

## Queue Groups

```go
// All subscriptions with the same queue name will form a queue group.
// Each message will be delivered to only one subscriber per queue group,
// using queuing semantics. You can have as many queue groups as you wish.
// Normal subscribers will continue to work as expected.

nc.QueueSubscribe("foo", "job_workers", func(_ *Msg) {
  received += 1;
})

```

## Advanced Usage

```go

// Flush connection to server, returns when all messages have been processed.
nc.Flush()
fmt.Println("All clear!")

// FlushTimeout specifies a timeout value as well.
err := nc.FlushTimeout(1*time.Second)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("All clear!")
} else {
    fmt.Println("Flushed timed out!")
}

// Auto-unsubscribe after MAX_WANTED messages received
const MAX_WANTED = 10
sub, err := nc.Subscribe("foo")
sub.AutoUnsubscribe(MAX_WANTED)

// Multiple connections
nc1 := nats.Connect("nats://host1:4222")
nc2 := nats.Connect("nats://host2:4222")

nc1.Subscribe("foo", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", string(m.Data))
})

nc2.Publish("foo", []byte("Hello World!"));

```

## Clustered Usage

```go

var servers = "nats://localhost:1222, nats://localhost:1223, nats://localhost:1224"

nc, err := nats.Connect(servers)

// Optionally set ReconnectWait and MaxReconnect attempts.
// This example means 10 seconds total per backend.
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers, nats.MaxReconnects(5), nats.ReconnectWait(2 * time.Second))

// Optionally disable randomization of the server pool
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers, nats.DontRandomize())

// Setup callbacks to be notified on disconnects, reconnects and connection closed.
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers,
	nats.DisconnectHandler(func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		fmt.Printf("Got disconnected!\n")
	}),
	nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
		fmt.Printf("Got reconnected to %v!\n", nc.ConnectedUrl())
	}),
	nats.ClosedHandler(func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		fmt.Printf("Connection closed. Reason: %q\n", nc.LastError())
	})
)

// When connecting to a mesh of servers with auto-discovery capabilities,
// you may need to provide a username/password or token in order to connect
// to any server in that mesh when authentication is required.
// Instead of providing the credentials in the initial URL, you will use
// new option setters:
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222", nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"))

// For token based authentication:
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222", nats.Token("S3cretT0ken"))

// You can even pass the two at the same time in case one of the server
// in the mesh requires token instead of user name and password.
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222",
    nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"),
    nats.Token("S3cretT0ken"))

// Note that if credentials are specified in the initial URLs, they take
// precedence on the credentials specfied through the options.
// For instance, in the connect call below, the client library will use
// the user "my" and password "pwd" to connect to locahost:4222, however,
// it will use username "foo" and password "bar" when (re)connecting to
// a different server URL that it got as part of the auto-discovery.
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://my:pwd@localhost:4222", nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"))

```

## Context support (+Go 1.7)

```go
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
defer cancel()

nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)

// Request with context
msg, err := nc.RequestWithContext(ctx, "foo", []byte("bar"))

// Synchronous subscriber with context
sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
msg, err := sub.NextMsgWithContext(ctx)

// Encoded Request with context
c, err := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
type request struct {
	Message string `json:"message"`
}
type response struct {
	Code int `json:"code"`
}
req := &request{Message: "Hello"}
resp := &response{}
err := c.RequestWithContext(ctx, "foo", req, resp)
```

## License

Unless otherwise noted, the NATS source files are distributed
under the Apache Version 2.0 license found in the LICENSE file.

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