// Copyright 2019 The gVisor Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package raw provides the implementation of raw sockets (see raw(7)). Raw
// sockets allow applications to:
//
//   * manually write and inspect transport layer headers and payloads
//   * receive all traffic of a given transport protocol (e.g. ICMP or UDP)
//   * optionally write and inspect network layer headers of packets
//
// Raw sockets don't have any notion of ports, and incoming packets are
// demultiplexed solely by protocol number. Thus, a raw UDP endpoint will
// receive every UDP packet received by netstack. bind(2) and connect(2) can be
// used to filter incoming packets by source and destination.
package raw

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"inet.af/netstack/sync"
	"inet.af/netstack/tcpip"
	"inet.af/netstack/tcpip/buffer"
	"inet.af/netstack/tcpip/header"
	"inet.af/netstack/tcpip/stack"
	"inet.af/netstack/tcpip/transport"
	"inet.af/netstack/tcpip/transport/internal/network"
	"inet.af/netstack/waiter"
)

// +stateify savable
type rawPacket struct {
	rawPacketEntry
	// data holds the actual packet data, including any headers and
	// payload.
	data       buffer.VectorisedView `state:".(buffer.VectorisedView)"`
	receivedAt time.Time             `state:".(int64)"`
	// senderAddr is the network address of the sender.
	senderAddr tcpip.FullAddress
	packetInfo tcpip.IPPacketInfo
}

// endpoint is the raw socket implementation of tcpip.Endpoint. It is legal to
// have goroutines make concurrent calls into the endpoint.
//
// Lock order:
//   endpoint.mu
//     endpoint.rcvMu
//
// +stateify savable
type endpoint struct {
	tcpip.DefaultSocketOptionsHandler

	// The following fields are initialized at creation time and are
	// immutable.
	stack       *stack.Stack `state:"manual"`
	transProto  tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber
	waiterQueue *waiter.Queue
	associated  bool

	net   network.Endpoint
	stats tcpip.TransportEndpointStats
	ops   tcpip.SocketOptions

	// The following fields are used to manage the receive queue and are
	// protected by rcvMu.
	rcvMu      sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`
	rcvList    rawPacketList
	rcvBufSize int
	rcvClosed  bool

	// The following fields are protected by mu.
	mu sync.RWMutex `state:"nosave"`
	// frozen indicates if the packets should be delivered to the endpoint
	// during restore.
	frozen bool
}

// NewEndpoint returns a raw  endpoint for the given protocols.
func NewEndpoint(stack *stack.Stack, netProto tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, transProto tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, waiterQueue *waiter.Queue) (tcpip.Endpoint, tcpip.Error) {
	return newEndpoint(stack, netProto, transProto, waiterQueue, true /* associated */)
}

func newEndpoint(s *stack.Stack, netProto tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, transProto tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber, waiterQueue *waiter.Queue, associated bool) (tcpip.Endpoint, tcpip.Error) {
	e := &endpoint{
		stack:       s,
		transProto:  transProto,
		waiterQueue: waiterQueue,
		associated:  associated,
	}
	e.ops.InitHandler(e, e.stack, tcpip.GetStackSendBufferLimits, tcpip.GetStackReceiveBufferLimits)
	e.ops.SetHeaderIncluded(!associated)
	e.ops.SetSendBufferSize(32*1024, false /* notify */)
	e.ops.SetReceiveBufferSize(32*1024, false /* notify */)
	e.net.Init(s, netProto, transProto, &e.ops)

	// Override with stack defaults.
	var ss tcpip.SendBufferSizeOption
	if err := s.Option(&ss); err == nil {
		e.ops.SetSendBufferSize(int64(ss.Default), false /* notify */)
	}

	var rs tcpip.ReceiveBufferSizeOption
	if err := s.Option(&rs); err == nil {
		e.ops.SetReceiveBufferSize(int64(rs.Default), false /* notify */)
	}

	// Unassociated endpoints are write-only and users call Write() with IP
	// headers included. Because they're write-only, We don't need to
	// register with the stack.
	if !associated {
		e.ops.SetReceiveBufferSize(0, false /* notify */)
		e.waiterQueue = nil
		return e, nil
	}

	if err := e.stack.RegisterRawTransportEndpoint(netProto, e.transProto, e); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return e, nil
}

// Abort implements stack.TransportEndpoint.Abort.
func (e *endpoint) Abort() {
	e.Close()
}

// Close implements tcpip.Endpoint.Close.
func (e *endpoint) Close() {
	e.mu.Lock()
	defer e.mu.Unlock()

	if e.net.State() == transport.DatagramEndpointStateClosed {
		return
	}

	e.net.Close()

	if !e.associated {
		return
	}

	e.stack.UnregisterRawTransportEndpoint(e.net.NetProto(), e.transProto, e)

	e.rcvMu.Lock()
	defer e.rcvMu.Unlock()

	// Clear the receive list.
	e.rcvClosed = true
	e.rcvBufSize = 0
	for !e.rcvList.Empty() {
		e.rcvList.Remove(e.rcvList.Front())
	}

	e.waiterQueue.Notify(waiter.EventHUp | waiter.EventErr | waiter.ReadableEvents | waiter.WritableEvents)
}

// ModerateRecvBuf implements tcpip.Endpoint.ModerateRecvBuf.
func (*endpoint) ModerateRecvBuf(int) {}

func (e *endpoint) SetOwner(owner tcpip.PacketOwner) {
	e.net.SetOwner(owner)
}

// Read implements tcpip.Endpoint.Read.
func (e *endpoint) Read(dst io.Writer, opts tcpip.ReadOptions) (tcpip.ReadResult, tcpip.Error) {
	e.rcvMu.Lock()

	// If there's no data to read, return that read would block or that the
	// endpoint is closed.
	if e.rcvList.Empty() {
		var err tcpip.Error = &tcpip.ErrWouldBlock{}
		if e.rcvClosed {
			e.stats.ReadErrors.ReadClosed.Increment()
			err = &tcpip.ErrClosedForReceive{}
		}
		e.rcvMu.Unlock()
		return tcpip.ReadResult{}, err
	}

	pkt := e.rcvList.Front()
	if !opts.Peek {
		e.rcvList.Remove(pkt)
		e.rcvBufSize -= pkt.data.Size()
	}

	e.rcvMu.Unlock()

	res := tcpip.ReadResult{
		Total: pkt.data.Size(),
		ControlMessages: tcpip.ControlMessages{
			HasTimestamp: true,
			Timestamp:    pkt.receivedAt,
		},
	}
	if opts.NeedRemoteAddr {
		res.RemoteAddr = pkt.senderAddr
	}
	switch netProto := e.net.NetProto(); netProto {
	case header.IPv4ProtocolNumber:
		if e.ops.GetReceivePacketInfo() {
			res.ControlMessages.HasIPPacketInfo = true
			res.ControlMessages.PacketInfo = pkt.packetInfo
		}
	case header.IPv6ProtocolNumber:
		if e.ops.GetIPv6ReceivePacketInfo() {
			res.ControlMessages.HasIPv6PacketInfo = true
			res.ControlMessages.IPv6PacketInfo = tcpip.IPv6PacketInfo{
				NIC:  pkt.packetInfo.NIC,
				Addr: pkt.packetInfo.DestinationAddr,
			}
		}
	default:
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unrecognized network protocol = %d", netProto))
	}

	n, err := pkt.data.ReadTo(dst, opts.Peek)
	if n == 0 && err != nil {
		return res, &tcpip.ErrBadBuffer{}
	}
	res.Count = n
	return res, nil
}

// Write implements tcpip.Endpoint.Write.
func (e *endpoint) Write(p tcpip.Payloader, opts tcpip.WriteOptions) (int64, tcpip.Error) {
	netProto := e.net.NetProto()
	// We can create, but not write to, unassociated IPv6 endpoints.
	if !e.associated && netProto == header.IPv6ProtocolNumber {
		return 0, &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
	}

	if opts.To != nil {
		// Raw sockets do not support sending to a IPv4 address on a IPv6 endpoint.
		if netProto == header.IPv6ProtocolNumber && len(opts.To.Addr) != header.IPv6AddressSize {
			return 0, &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
	}

	n, err := e.write(p, opts)
	switch err.(type) {
	case nil:
		e.stats.PacketsSent.Increment()
	case *tcpip.ErrMessageTooLong, *tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue:
		e.stats.WriteErrors.InvalidArgs.Increment()
	case *tcpip.ErrClosedForSend:
		e.stats.WriteErrors.WriteClosed.Increment()
	case *tcpip.ErrInvalidEndpointState:
		e.stats.WriteErrors.InvalidEndpointState.Increment()
	case *tcpip.ErrNoRoute, *tcpip.ErrBroadcastDisabled, *tcpip.ErrNetworkUnreachable:
		// Errors indicating any problem with IP routing of the packet.
		e.stats.SendErrors.NoRoute.Increment()
	default:
		// For all other errors when writing to the network layer.
		e.stats.SendErrors.SendToNetworkFailed.Increment()
	}
	return n, err
}

func (e *endpoint) write(p tcpip.Payloader, opts tcpip.WriteOptions) (int64, tcpip.Error) {
	ctx, err := e.net.AcquireContextForWrite(opts)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	// TODO(https://gvisor.dev/issue/6538): Avoid this allocation.
	payloadBytes := make([]byte, p.Len())
	if _, err := io.ReadFull(p, payloadBytes); err != nil {
		return 0, &tcpip.ErrBadBuffer{}
	}

	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
		ReserveHeaderBytes: int(ctx.PacketInfo().MaxHeaderLength),
		Data:               buffer.View(payloadBytes).ToVectorisedView(),
	})
	defer pkt.DecRef()

	if err := ctx.WritePacket(pkt, e.ops.GetHeaderIncluded()); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	return int64(len(payloadBytes)), nil
}

// Disconnect implements tcpip.Endpoint.Disconnect.
func (*endpoint) Disconnect() tcpip.Error {
	return &tcpip.ErrNotSupported{}
}

// Connect implements tcpip.Endpoint.Connect.
func (e *endpoint) Connect(addr tcpip.FullAddress) tcpip.Error {
	netProto := e.net.NetProto()

	// Raw sockets do not support connecting to a IPv4 address on a IPv6 endpoint.
	if netProto == header.IPv6ProtocolNumber && len(addr.Addr) != header.IPv6AddressSize {
		return &tcpip.ErrAddressFamilyNotSupported{}
	}

	return e.net.ConnectAndThen(addr, func(_ tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, _, _ stack.TransportEndpointID) tcpip.Error {
		if e.associated {
			// Re-register the endpoint with the appropriate NIC.
			if err := e.stack.RegisterRawTransportEndpoint(netProto, e.transProto, e); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			e.stack.UnregisterRawTransportEndpoint(netProto, e.transProto, e)
		}

		return nil
	})
}

// Shutdown implements tcpip.Endpoint.Shutdown. It's a noop for raw sockets.
func (e *endpoint) Shutdown(tcpip.ShutdownFlags) tcpip.Error {
	if e.net.State() != transport.DatagramEndpointStateConnected {
		return &tcpip.ErrNotConnected{}
	}
	return nil
}

// Listen implements tcpip.Endpoint.Listen.
func (*endpoint) Listen(int) tcpip.Error {
	return &tcpip.ErrNotSupported{}
}

// Accept implements tcpip.Endpoint.Accept.
func (*endpoint) Accept(*tcpip.FullAddress) (tcpip.Endpoint, *waiter.Queue, tcpip.Error) {
	return nil, nil, &tcpip.ErrNotSupported{}
}

// Bind implements tcpip.Endpoint.Bind.
func (e *endpoint) Bind(addr tcpip.FullAddress) tcpip.Error {
	return e.net.BindAndThen(addr, func(netProto tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, _ tcpip.Address) tcpip.Error {
		if !e.associated {
			return nil
		}

		// Re-register the endpoint with the appropriate NIC.
		if err := e.stack.RegisterRawTransportEndpoint(netProto, e.transProto, e); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		e.stack.UnregisterRawTransportEndpoint(netProto, e.transProto, e)
		return nil
	})
}

// GetLocalAddress implements tcpip.Endpoint.GetLocalAddress.
func (e *endpoint) GetLocalAddress() (tcpip.FullAddress, tcpip.Error) {
	a := e.net.GetLocalAddress()
	// Linux returns the protocol in the port field.
	a.Port = uint16(e.transProto)
	return a, nil
}

// GetRemoteAddress implements tcpip.Endpoint.GetRemoteAddress.
func (*endpoint) GetRemoteAddress() (tcpip.FullAddress, tcpip.Error) {
	// Even a connected socket doesn't return a remote address.
	return tcpip.FullAddress{}, &tcpip.ErrNotConnected{}
}

// Readiness implements tcpip.Endpoint.Readiness.
func (e *endpoint) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
	// The endpoint is always writable.
	result := waiter.WritableEvents & mask

	// Determine whether the endpoint is readable.
	if (mask & waiter.ReadableEvents) != 0 {
		e.rcvMu.Lock()
		if !e.rcvList.Empty() || e.rcvClosed {
			result |= waiter.ReadableEvents
		}
		e.rcvMu.Unlock()
	}

	return result
}

// SetSockOpt implements tcpip.Endpoint.SetSockOpt.
func (e *endpoint) SetSockOpt(opt tcpip.SettableSocketOption) tcpip.Error {
	switch opt.(type) {
	case *tcpip.SocketDetachFilterOption:
		return nil

	default:
		return e.net.SetSockOpt(opt)
	}
}

func (e *endpoint) SetSockOptInt(opt tcpip.SockOptInt, v int) tcpip.Error {
	return e.net.SetSockOptInt(opt, v)
}

// GetSockOpt implements tcpip.Endpoint.GetSockOpt.
func (e *endpoint) GetSockOpt(opt tcpip.GettableSocketOption) tcpip.Error {
	return e.net.GetSockOpt(opt)
}

// GetSockOptInt implements tcpip.Endpoint.GetSockOptInt.
func (e *endpoint) GetSockOptInt(opt tcpip.SockOptInt) (int, tcpip.Error) {
	switch opt {
	case tcpip.ReceiveQueueSizeOption:
		v := 0
		e.rcvMu.Lock()
		if !e.rcvList.Empty() {
			p := e.rcvList.Front()
			v = p.data.Size()
		}
		e.rcvMu.Unlock()
		return v, nil

	default:
		return e.net.GetSockOptInt(opt)
	}
}

// HandlePacket implements stack.RawTransportEndpoint.HandlePacket.
func (e *endpoint) HandlePacket(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
	notifyReadableEvents := func() bool {
		e.mu.RLock()
		defer e.mu.RUnlock()
		e.rcvMu.Lock()
		defer e.rcvMu.Unlock()

		// Drop the packet if our buffer is currently full or if this is an unassociated
		// endpoint (i.e endpoint created  w/ IPPROTO_RAW). Such endpoints are send only
		// See: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/raw.7.html
		//
		//    An IPPROTO_RAW socket is send only.  If you really want to receive
		//    all IP packets, use a packet(7) socket with the ETH_P_IP protocol.
		//    Note that packet sockets don't reassemble IP fragments, unlike raw
		//    sockets.
		if e.rcvClosed || !e.associated {
			e.stack.Stats().DroppedPackets.Increment()
			e.stats.ReceiveErrors.ClosedReceiver.Increment()
			return false
		}

		rcvBufSize := e.ops.GetReceiveBufferSize()
		if e.frozen || e.rcvBufSize >= int(rcvBufSize) {
			e.stack.Stats().DroppedPackets.Increment()
			e.stats.ReceiveErrors.ReceiveBufferOverflow.Increment()
			return false
		}

		net := pkt.Network()
		dstAddr := net.DestinationAddress()
		srcAddr := net.SourceAddress()
		info := e.net.Info()

		switch state := e.net.State(); state {
		case transport.DatagramEndpointStateInitial:
		case transport.DatagramEndpointStateConnected:
			// If connected, only accept packets from the remote address we
			// connected to.
			if info.ID.RemoteAddress != srcAddr {
				return false
			}

			// Connected sockets may also have been bound to a specific
			// address/NIC.
			fallthrough
		case transport.DatagramEndpointStateBound:
			// If bound to a NIC, only accept data for that NIC.
			if info.BindNICID != 0 && info.BindNICID != pkt.NICID {
				return false
			}

			// If bound to an address, only accept data for that address.
			if info.BindAddr != "" && info.BindAddr != dstAddr {
				return false
			}
		default:
			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unhandled state = %s", state))
		}

		wasEmpty := e.rcvBufSize == 0

		// Push new packet into receive list and increment the buffer size.
		packet := &rawPacket{
			senderAddr: tcpip.FullAddress{
				NIC:  pkt.NICID,
				Addr: srcAddr,
			},
			packetInfo: tcpip.IPPacketInfo{
				// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/3556): dstAddr may be a multicast or broadcast
				// address. LocalAddr should hold a unicast address that can be
				// used to respond to the incoming packet.
				LocalAddr:       dstAddr,
				DestinationAddr: dstAddr,
				NIC:             pkt.NICID,
			},
		}

		// Raw IPv4 endpoints return the IP header, but IPv6 endpoints do not.
		// We copy headers' underlying bytes because pkt.*Header may point to
		// the middle of a slice, and another struct may point to the "outer"
		// slice. Save/restore doesn't support overlapping slices and will fail.
		//
		// TODO(https://gvisor.dev/issue/6517): Avoid the copy once S/R supports
		// overlapping slices.
		var combinedVV buffer.VectorisedView
		if info.NetProto == header.IPv4ProtocolNumber {
			networkHeader, transportHeader := pkt.NetworkHeader().View(), pkt.TransportHeader().View()
			headers := make(buffer.View, 0, len(networkHeader)+len(transportHeader))
			headers = append(headers, networkHeader...)
			headers = append(headers, transportHeader...)
			combinedVV = headers.ToVectorisedView()
		} else {
			combinedVV = append(buffer.View(nil), pkt.TransportHeader().View()...).ToVectorisedView()
		}
		combinedVV.Append(pkt.Data().ExtractVV())
		packet.data = combinedVV
		packet.receivedAt = e.stack.Clock().Now()

		e.rcvList.PushBack(packet)
		e.rcvBufSize += packet.data.Size()
		e.stats.PacketsReceived.Increment()

		// Notify waiters that there is data to be read now.
		return wasEmpty
	}()

	if notifyReadableEvents {
		e.waiterQueue.Notify(waiter.ReadableEvents)
	}
}

// State implements socket.Socket.State.
func (e *endpoint) State() uint32 {
	return 0
}

// Info returns a copy of the endpoint info.
func (e *endpoint) Info() tcpip.EndpointInfo {
	ret := e.net.Info()
	return &ret
}

// Stats returns a pointer to the endpoint stats.
func (e *endpoint) Stats() tcpip.EndpointStats {
	return &e.stats
}

// Wait implements stack.TransportEndpoint.Wait.
func (*endpoint) Wait() {}

// LastError implements tcpip.Endpoint.LastError.
func (*endpoint) LastError() tcpip.Error {
	return nil
}

// SocketOptions implements tcpip.Endpoint.SocketOptions.
func (e *endpoint) SocketOptions() *tcpip.SocketOptions {
	return &e.ops
}

// freeze prevents any more packets from being delivered to the endpoint.
func (e *endpoint) freeze() {
	e.mu.Lock()
	e.frozen = true
	e.mu.Unlock()
}

// thaw unfreezes a previously frozen endpoint using endpoint.freeze() allows
// new packets to be delivered again.
func (e *endpoint) thaw() {
	e.mu.Lock()
	e.frozen = false
	e.mu.Unlock()
}