/*
Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package server

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/request"
)

func TestRequestTimeoutBehavior(t *testing.T) {
	type setup struct {
		name                        string
		clientTimeout               time.Duration
		serverReqTimeout            time.Duration
		handlerWritesBeforeTimeout  bool
		handlerFlushesBeforeTimeout bool
		waiter                      waiter
	}
	type expectation struct {
		clientErr                verifier
		clientStatusCodeExpected int
		clientRespBodyReadErr    verifier
		handlerWriteErr          verifier
	}

	tests := []struct {
		setup        setup
		expectations map[string]expectation
	}{
		// scenario:
		//   a) timeout filter enabled: Yes
		//   b) client specifies timeout in the request URI: No
		//   c) the handler writes to the ResponseWriter object before request times out: No
		//   d) the handler flushes the ResponseWriter object before request times out: No
		// observation:
		//  the timeout filter detects that the context of the request has exceeded its
		//  deadline, since the ResponseWriter object has not been written to yet,
		//  the following takes place:
		//   - it marks the ResponseWriter object as timeout=true, so any further
		//   attempt to write to it will yield an 'http: Handler timeout' error
		//   - it sends 504 status code to the client
		// expectation (same behavior for both http/1x and http/2.0):
		//  client:
		//   - client receives a '504 GatewayTimeout' status code
		//   - reading the Body of the Response object yields an error
		//  server:
		//   - Write to the ResponseWriter yields an 'http: Handler timeout'
		//     error immediately.
		{
			setup: setup{
				name:                        "timeout occurs before the handler writes to or flushes the ResponseWriter",
				clientTimeout:               0,     // b
				handlerWritesBeforeTimeout:  false, // c
				handlerFlushesBeforeTimeout: false, // d
				serverReqTimeout:            time.Second,
			},
			expectations: map[string]expectation{
				"HTTP/2.0": {
					clientErr:                wantNoError{},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: http.StatusGatewayTimeout,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantNoError{},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
				"HTTP/1.1": {
					clientErr:                wantNoError{},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: http.StatusGatewayTimeout,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantNoError{},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
			},
		},

		// scenario:
		//   a) timeout filter enabled: Yes
		//   b) client specifies timeout in the request URI: No
		//   c) the handler writes to the ResponseWriter object before request times out: Yes
		//   d) the handler flushes the ResponseWriter object before request times out: No
		// observation:
		//  the timeout filter detects that the context of the request has exceeded its
		//  deadline, since the ResponseWriter object has already been written to,
		//  the following takes place:
		//   - it marks the ResponseWriter object as timeout=true, so any further attempt
		//   to write to it will yield an 'http: Handler timeout' error
		//   - it can't send '504 GatewayTimeout' to the client since the ResponseWriter
		//   object has already been written to, so it panics with 'net/http: abort Handler' error
		{
			setup: setup{
				name:                        "timeout occurs after the handler writes to the ResponseWriter",
				clientTimeout:               0,     // b
				handlerWritesBeforeTimeout:  true,  // c
				handlerFlushesBeforeTimeout: false, // d
				serverReqTimeout:            time.Second,
			},
			expectations: map[string]expectation{
				// expectation:
				//  - client: receives a stream reset error, no 'Response' from the server
				//  - server: Write to the ResponseWriter yields an 'http: Handler timeout' error
				"HTTP/2.0": {
					clientErr:                wantContains{"stream error: stream ID 1; INTERNAL_ERROR; received from peer"},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: 0,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantNoError{},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
				// expectation:
				//  - client: receives an 'io.EOF' error, no 'Response' from the server
				//  - server: Write to the ResponseWriter yields an 'http: Handler timeout' error
				"HTTP/1.1": {
					clientErr:                wantError{io.EOF},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: 0,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantNoError{},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
			},
		},

		// scenario:
		//   a) timeout filter enabled: Yes
		//   b) client specifies timeout in the request URI: No
		//   c) the handler writes to the ResponseWriter object before request times out: Yes
		//   d) the handler flushes the ResponseWriter object before request times out: Yes
		// observation:
		//  the timeout filter detects that the context of the request has exceeded its
		//  deadline, since the ResponseWriter object has already been written to,
		//  the following takes place:
		//   - it marks the ResponseWriter object as timeout=true, so any further attempt
		//   to write to it will yield an 'http: Handler timeout' error
		//   - it can't send '504 GatewayTimeout' to the client since the ResponseWriter
		//   object has already been written to, so it panics with 'net/http: abort Handler' error
		{
			setup: setup{
				name:                        "timeout occurs after the handler writes to and flushes the ResponseWriter",
				clientTimeout:               0,    // b
				handlerWritesBeforeTimeout:  true, // c
				handlerFlushesBeforeTimeout: true, // d
				serverReqTimeout:            time.Second,
			},
			expectations: map[string]expectation{
				// expectation:
				//  - client: since the ResponseWriter has been flushed the client
				//  receives a response from the server, but reading the response body
				//  is expected to yield a stream reset error.
				//  - server: Write to the ResponseWriter yields an 'http: Handler timeout' error
				"HTTP/2.0": {
					clientErr:                wantNoError{},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: 200,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantContains{"stream error: stream ID 1; INTERNAL_ERROR; received from peer"},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
				// expectation:
				//  - client: since the ResponseWriter has been flushed the client
				//  receives a response from the server, but reading the response body
				//  will yield an 'unexpected EOF' error.
				//  - server: Write to the ResponseWriter yields an 'http: Handler timeout' error
				"HTTP/1.1": {
					clientErr:                wantNoError{},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: 200,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantError{io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
			},
		},

		// scenario:
		//   a) timeout filter enabled: Yes
		//   b) client specifies timeout in the request URI: Yes
		//   c) the handler writes to the ResponseWriter object before request times out: Yes
		//   d) the handler flushes the ResponseWriter object before request times out: No
		// observation:
		//  the timeout filter detects that the context of the request has exceeded its
		//  deadline, and the the following takes place:
		//   - it marks the ResponseWriter object as timeout=true, so any further attempt
		//   to write to it will yield an 'http: Handler timeout' error
		//   - it can't send '504 GatewayTimeout' to the client since the ResponseWriter
		//   object has already been written to, so it panics with 'net/http: abort Handler' error
		//  at the same time, the net/http client also detects that the context of the
		//  client-side request has exceeded its deadline, and so it aborts with a
		//  'context deadline exceeded' error.
		// NOTE: although the client is most likely to receive the context deadline error
		// first due to the roundtrip time added to the arrival of the error from
		// the server, nevertheless it could cause flakes in CI due to overload, so we
		// need to check for either error to be flake free.
		{
			setup: setup{
				name:                        "client specifies a timeout",
				clientTimeout:               time.Second,                 // b
				handlerWritesBeforeTimeout:  true,                        // c
				handlerFlushesBeforeTimeout: false,                       // d
				serverReqTimeout:            wait.ForeverTestTimeout * 2, // this should not be in effect

				// twice the request timeout so it can withstand flakes in CI
				waiter: &waitWithDuration{after: 2 * time.Second},
			},
			expectations: map[string]expectation{
				// expectation:
				//  - client: receives either a context.DeadlineExceeded error from its transport
				//    or it receives the error from the server
				//  - server: Write to the ResponseWriter will yields an 'http: Handler timeout'
				"HTTP/2.0": {
					clientErr: wantEitherOr{
						err:      context.DeadlineExceeded,
						contains: "stream error: stream ID 1; INTERNAL_ERROR; received from peer",
					},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: 0,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantNoError{},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
				// expectation:
				//  - client: receives either a context.DeadlineExceeded error from its
				//    transport, or it receives the error from the server
				//  - server: Write to the ResponseWriter will yields an 'http: Handler timeout'
				"HTTP/1.1": {
					clientErr: wantEitherOr{
						err:      context.DeadlineExceeded,
						contains: "EOF",
					},
					clientStatusCodeExpected: 0,
					clientRespBodyReadErr:    wantNoError{},
					handlerWriteErr:          wantError{http.ErrHandlerTimeout},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	for _, test := range tests {
		for _, proto := range []string{"HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2.0"} { // every test is run for both http/1x and http/2.0
			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", test.setup.name, proto), func(t *testing.T) {
				setup := test.setup
				want, ok := test.expectations[proto]
				if !ok {
					t.Fatalf("wrong test setup - no expectation for %s", proto)
				}

				fakeAudit := &fakeAudit{}
				config, _ := setUp(t)
				config.AuditPolicyRuleEvaluator = fakeAudit
				config.AuditBackend = fakeAudit

				// setup server run option --request-timeout
				config.RequestTimeout = setup.serverReqTimeout

				s, err := config.Complete(nil).New("test", NewEmptyDelegate())
				if err != nil {
					t.Fatalf("Error in setting up a GenericAPIServer object: %v", err)
				}

				// using this, the handler blocks until the timeout occurs
				waiter := setup.waiter
				if waiter == nil {
					waiter = &waitWithChannelClose{after: make(chan time.Time)}
				}

				// this is the timeout we expect the context of a request
				// on the server to have.
				//  - if the client does not specify a timeout parameter in
				//  the request URI then it should default to --request-timeout
				//  - otherwise, it should be the timeout specified by the client
				reqCtxTimeoutWant := config.RequestTimeout
				if setup.clientTimeout > 0 {
					reqCtxTimeoutWant = setup.clientTimeout
				}

				handlerDoneCh := make(chan struct{})
				handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
					defer close(handlerDoneCh)

					ctx := r.Context()
					if r.Proto != proto {
						t.Errorf("expected protocol: %q, but got: %q", proto, r.Proto)
						return
					}

					// TODO: we don't support `FlushError` yet
					flusher, ok := w.(http.Flusher)
					if !ok {
						t.Errorf("expected ResponseWriter object to implement FlushError")
						return
					}

					// make sure that we have the right request
					//  - it must be a non long-running request
					//  - it must have a received-at timestamp so we
					//    can calculate the request deadline accurately.
					//  - the context of the request must have the
					//    expected deadline
					reqInfo, ok := request.RequestInfoFrom(ctx)
					if !ok {
						t.Errorf("expected the request context to have a RequestInfo associated")
						return
					}
					if config.LongRunningFunc(r, reqInfo) {
						t.Errorf("wrong test setup, wanted a non long-running request, but got: %#v", reqInfo)
						return
					}
					receivedAt, ok := request.ReceivedTimestampFrom(ctx)
					if !ok {
						t.Errorf("expected the request context to have a received-at timestamp")
						return
					}
					deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline()
					if !ok {
						t.Errorf("expected the request context to have a deadline")
						return
					}
					if want, got := reqCtxTimeoutWant, deadline.Sub(receivedAt); want != got {
						t.Errorf("expected the request context to have a deadline of: %s, but got: %s", want, got)
						return
					}

					// does the handler write to or flush the
					// ResponseWriter object before timeout occurs?
					if setup.handlerWritesBeforeTimeout {
						if _, err := w.Write([]byte("hello")); err != nil {
							t.Errorf("unexpected error from Write: %v", err)
							return
						}
					}
					if setup.handlerFlushesBeforeTimeout {
						flusher.Flush()
					}

					// wait for the request context deadline to elapse
					<-waiter.wait()

					// write to the ResponseWriter object after timeout happens
					_, err := w.Write([]byte("a"))
					want.handlerWriteErr.verify(t, err)

					// flush the ResponseWriter object after timeout happens
					// http.Flusher does not return an error
					flusher.Flush()
				})
				s.Handler.NonGoRestfulMux.Handle("/ping", handler)

				server := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(s.Handler)
				defer server.Close()
				if proto == "HTTP/2.0" {
					server.EnableHTTP2 = true
				}
				server.StartTLS()

				func() {
					defer waiter.close()

					client := server.Client()

					url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/ping", server.URL)
					// if the user has specified a timeout then add
					// it to the request URI
					if setup.clientTimeout > 0 {
						url = fmt.Sprintf("%s?timeout=%s", url, setup.clientTimeout)
					}
					// if the client has specified a timeout then we
					// must wire the request context with the same
					// deadline, this is how client-go behaves today.
					ctx := context.Background()
					if setup.clientTimeout > 0 {
						var cancel context.CancelFunc
						ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, setup.clientTimeout)
						defer cancel()
					}

					req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
					if err != nil {
						t.Errorf("failed to create a new http request - %v", err)
						return
					}

					resp, err := client.Do(req)
					want.clientErr.verify(t, err)

					// do we expect a valid http status code?
					switch {
					case want.clientStatusCodeExpected > 0:
						if resp == nil {
							t.Errorf("expected a response from the server: %v", err)
							return
						}
						if resp.StatusCode != want.clientStatusCodeExpected {
							t.Errorf("expected a status code: %d, but got: %#v", want.clientStatusCodeExpected, resp)
						}

						// read off the body of the response, and verify what we expect
						_, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
						want.clientRespBodyReadErr.verify(t, err)

						if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
							t.Errorf("unexpected error while closing the Body of the Response: %v", err)
						}
					default:
						if resp != nil {
							t.Errorf("did not expect a Response from the server, but got: %#v", resp)
						}
						return
					}
				}()

				select {
				case <-handlerDoneCh:
				case <-time.After(wait.ForeverTestTimeout):
					t.Errorf("expected the request handler to have terminated")
				}
			})
		}
	}
}

type verifier interface {
	verify(t *testing.T, got error)
}

type wantNoError struct{}

func (v wantNoError) verify(t *testing.T, got error) {
	t.Helper()
	if got != nil {
		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", got)
	}
}

type wantContains struct {
	contains string
}

func (v wantContains) verify(t *testing.T, got error) {
	t.Helper()

	switch {
	case got != nil:
		if !strings.Contains(got.Error(), v.contains) {
			t.Errorf("expected the error to contain: %q, but got: %v", v.contains, got)
		}
	default:
		t.Errorf("expected an error that contains %q, but got none", v.contains)
	}
}

type wantError struct {
	err error
}

func (v wantError) verify(t *testing.T, got error) {
	t.Helper()

	switch {
	case got != nil:
		if !errors.Is(got, v.err) {
			t.Errorf("expected error: %v, but got: %v", v.err, got)
		}
	default:
		t.Errorf("expected an error %v, but got none", v.err)
	}
}

type wantEitherOr struct {
	err      error
	contains string
}

func (v wantEitherOr) verify(t *testing.T, got error) {
	t.Helper()

	switch {
	case got != nil:
		if !(errors.Is(got, v.err) || strings.Contains(got.Error(), v.contains)) {
			t.Errorf("expected the error to contain: %q or be: %v, but got: %v", v.contains, v.err, got)
		}
	default:
		t.Errorf("expected an error to contain: %q or be: %v, but got none", v.contains, v.err)
	}
}

type waiter interface {
	wait() <-chan time.Time
	close()
}

type waitWithDuration struct {
	after time.Duration
}

func (w waitWithDuration) wait() <-chan time.Time { return time.After(w.after) }
func (w waitWithDuration) close()                 {}

type waitWithChannelClose struct {
	after chan time.Time
}

func (w waitWithChannelClose) wait() <-chan time.Time {
	// for http/2, we do the following:
	// a) let the handler block indefinitely
	// b) this forces the write timeout to occur on the server side
	// c) the http2 client receives a stream reset error immediately
	//    after the write timeout occurs.
	// d) the client then closes the channel by calling close
	// e) the handler unblocks and terminates
	return w.after
}

func (w waitWithChannelClose) close() { close(w.after) }