/*
Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package typed

import (
	"sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4/fieldpath"
	"sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4/schema"
	"sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4/value"
)

type mergingWalker struct {
	lhs     value.Value
	rhs     value.Value
	schema  *schema.Schema
	typeRef schema.TypeRef

	// Current path that we are merging
	path fieldpath.Path

	// How to merge. Called after schema validation for all leaf fields.
	rule mergeRule

	// If set, called after non-leaf items have been merged. (`out` is
	// probably already set.)
	postItemHook mergeRule

	// output of the merge operation (nil if none)
	out *interface{}

	// internal housekeeping--don't set when constructing.
	inLeaf bool // Set to true if we're in a "big leaf"--atomic map/list

	// Allocate only as many walkers as needed for the depth by storing them here.
	spareWalkers *[]*mergingWalker

	allocator value.Allocator
}

// merge rules examine w.lhs and w.rhs (up to one of which may be nil) and
// optionally set w.out. If lhs and rhs are both set, they will be of
// comparable type.
type mergeRule func(w *mergingWalker)

var (
	ruleKeepRHS = mergeRule(func(w *mergingWalker) {
		if w.rhs != nil {
			v := w.rhs.Unstructured()
			w.out = &v
		} else if w.lhs != nil {
			v := w.lhs.Unstructured()
			w.out = &v
		}
	})
)

// merge sets w.out.
func (w *mergingWalker) merge(prefixFn func() string) (errs ValidationErrors) {
	if w.lhs == nil && w.rhs == nil {
		// check this condidition here instead of everywhere below.
		return errorf("at least one of lhs and rhs must be provided")
	}
	a, ok := w.schema.Resolve(w.typeRef)
	if !ok {
		return errorf("schema error: no type found matching: %v", *w.typeRef.NamedType)
	}

	alhs := deduceAtom(a, w.lhs)
	arhs := deduceAtom(a, w.rhs)

	// deduceAtom does not fix the type for nil values
	// nil is a wildcard and will accept whatever form the other operand takes
	if w.rhs == nil {
		errs = append(errs, handleAtom(alhs, w.typeRef, w)...)
	} else if w.lhs == nil || alhs.Equals(&arhs) {
		errs = append(errs, handleAtom(arhs, w.typeRef, w)...)
	} else {
		w2 := *w
		errs = append(errs, handleAtom(alhs, w.typeRef, &w2)...)
		errs = append(errs, handleAtom(arhs, w.typeRef, w)...)
	}

	if !w.inLeaf && w.postItemHook != nil {
		w.postItemHook(w)
	}
	return errs.WithLazyPrefix(prefixFn)
}

// doLeaf should be called on leaves before descending into children, if there
// will be a descent. It modifies w.inLeaf.
func (w *mergingWalker) doLeaf() {
	if w.inLeaf {
		// We're in a "big leaf", an atomic map or list. Ignore
		// subsequent leaves.
		return
	}
	w.inLeaf = true

	// We don't recurse into leaf fields for merging.
	w.rule(w)
}

func (w *mergingWalker) doScalar(t *schema.Scalar) ValidationErrors {
	// Make sure at least one side is a valid scalar.
	lerrs := validateScalar(t, w.lhs, "lhs: ")
	rerrs := validateScalar(t, w.rhs, "rhs: ")
	if len(lerrs) > 0 && len(rerrs) > 0 {
		return append(lerrs, rerrs...)
	}

	// All scalars are leaf fields.
	w.doLeaf()

	return nil
}

func (w *mergingWalker) prepareDescent(pe fieldpath.PathElement, tr schema.TypeRef) *mergingWalker {
	if w.spareWalkers == nil {
		// first descent.
		w.spareWalkers = &[]*mergingWalker{}
	}
	var w2 *mergingWalker
	if n := len(*w.spareWalkers); n > 0 {
		w2, *w.spareWalkers = (*w.spareWalkers)[n-1], (*w.spareWalkers)[:n-1]
	} else {
		w2 = &mergingWalker{}
	}
	*w2 = *w
	w2.typeRef = tr
	w2.path = append(w2.path, pe)
	w2.lhs = nil
	w2.rhs = nil
	w2.out = nil
	return w2
}

func (w *mergingWalker) finishDescent(w2 *mergingWalker) {
	// if the descent caused a realloc, ensure that we reuse the buffer
	// for the next sibling.
	w.path = w2.path[:len(w2.path)-1]
	*w.spareWalkers = append(*w.spareWalkers, w2)
}

func (w *mergingWalker) derefMap(prefix string, v value.Value) (value.Map, ValidationErrors) {
	if v == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	m, err := mapValue(w.allocator, v)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errorf("%v: %v", prefix, err)
	}
	return m, nil
}

func (w *mergingWalker) visitListItems(t *schema.List, lhs, rhs value.List) (errs ValidationErrors) {
	rLen := 0
	if rhs != nil {
		rLen = rhs.Length()
	}
	lLen := 0
	if lhs != nil {
		lLen = lhs.Length()
	}
	outLen := lLen
	if outLen < rLen {
		outLen = rLen
	}
	out := make([]interface{}, 0, outLen)

	rhsPEs, observedRHS, rhsErrs := w.indexListPathElements(t, rhs, false)
	errs = append(errs, rhsErrs...)
	lhsPEs, observedLHS, lhsErrs := w.indexListPathElements(t, lhs, true)
	errs = append(errs, lhsErrs...)

	if len(errs) != 0 {
		return errs
	}

	sharedOrder := make([]*fieldpath.PathElement, 0, rLen)
	for i := range rhsPEs {
		pe := &rhsPEs[i]
		if _, ok := observedLHS.Get(*pe); ok {
			sharedOrder = append(sharedOrder, pe)
		}
	}

	var nextShared *fieldpath.PathElement
	if len(sharedOrder) > 0 {
		nextShared = sharedOrder[0]
		sharedOrder = sharedOrder[1:]
	}

	mergedRHS := fieldpath.MakePathElementMap(len(rhsPEs))
	lLen, rLen = len(lhsPEs), len(rhsPEs)
	for lI, rI := 0, 0; lI < lLen || rI < rLen; {
		if lI < lLen && rI < rLen {
			pe := lhsPEs[lI]
			if pe.Equals(rhsPEs[rI]) {
				// merge LHS & RHS items
				mergedRHS.Insert(pe, struct{}{})
				lChild, _ := observedLHS.Get(pe) // may be nil if the PE is duplicaated.
				rChild, _ := observedRHS.Get(pe)
				mergeOut, errs := w.mergeListItem(t, pe, lChild, rChild)
				errs = append(errs, errs...)
				if mergeOut != nil {
					out = append(out, *mergeOut)
				}
				lI++
				rI++

				nextShared = nil
				if len(sharedOrder) > 0 {
					nextShared = sharedOrder[0]
					sharedOrder = sharedOrder[1:]
				}
				continue
			}
			if _, ok := observedRHS.Get(pe); ok && nextShared != nil && !nextShared.Equals(lhsPEs[lI]) {
				// shared item, but not the one we want in this round
				lI++
				continue
			}
		}
		if lI < lLen {
			pe := lhsPEs[lI]
			if _, ok := observedRHS.Get(pe); !ok {
				// take LHS item using At to make sure we get the right item (observed may not contain the right item).
				lChild := lhs.AtUsing(w.allocator, lI)
				mergeOut, errs := w.mergeListItem(t, pe, lChild, nil)
				errs = append(errs, errs...)
				if mergeOut != nil {
					out = append(out, *mergeOut)
				}
				lI++
				continue
			} else if _, ok := mergedRHS.Get(pe); ok {
				// we've already merged it with RHS, we don't want to duplicate it, skip it.
				lI++
			}
		}
		if rI < rLen {
			// Take the RHS item, merge with matching LHS item if possible
			pe := rhsPEs[rI]
			mergedRHS.Insert(pe, struct{}{})
			lChild, _ := observedLHS.Get(pe) // may be nil if absent or duplicaated.
			rChild, _ := observedRHS.Get(pe)
			mergeOut, errs := w.mergeListItem(t, pe, lChild, rChild)
			errs = append(errs, errs...)
			if mergeOut != nil {
				out = append(out, *mergeOut)
			}
			rI++
			// Advance nextShared, if we are merging nextShared.
			if nextShared != nil && nextShared.Equals(pe) {
				nextShared = nil
				if len(sharedOrder) > 0 {
					nextShared = sharedOrder[0]
					sharedOrder = sharedOrder[1:]
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if len(out) > 0 {
		i := interface{}(out)
		w.out = &i
	}

	return errs
}

func (w *mergingWalker) indexListPathElements(t *schema.List, list value.List, allowDuplicates bool) ([]fieldpath.PathElement, fieldpath.PathElementValueMap, ValidationErrors) {
	var errs ValidationErrors
	length := 0
	if list != nil {
		length = list.Length()
	}
	observed := fieldpath.MakePathElementValueMap(length)
	pes := make([]fieldpath.PathElement, 0, length)
	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
		child := list.At(i)
		pe, err := listItemToPathElement(w.allocator, w.schema, t, child)
		if err != nil {
			errs = append(errs, errorf("element %v: %v", i, err.Error())...)
			// If we can't construct the path element, we can't
			// even report errors deeper in the schema, so bail on
			// this element.
			continue
		}
		if _, found := observed.Get(pe); found && !allowDuplicates {
			errs = append(errs, errorf("duplicate entries for key %v", pe.String())...)
			continue
		} else if !found {
			observed.Insert(pe, child)
		} else {
			// Duplicated items are not merged with the new value, make them nil.
			observed.Insert(pe, value.NewValueInterface(nil))
		}
		pes = append(pes, pe)
	}
	return pes, observed, errs
}

func (w *mergingWalker) mergeListItem(t *schema.List, pe fieldpath.PathElement, lChild, rChild value.Value) (out *interface{}, errs ValidationErrors) {
	w2 := w.prepareDescent(pe, t.ElementType)
	w2.lhs = lChild
	w2.rhs = rChild
	errs = append(errs, w2.merge(pe.String)...)
	if w2.out != nil {
		out = w2.out
	}
	w.finishDescent(w2)
	return
}

func (w *mergingWalker) derefList(prefix string, v value.Value) (value.List, ValidationErrors) {
	if v == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	l, err := listValue(w.allocator, v)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errorf("%v: %v", prefix, err)
	}
	return l, nil
}

func (w *mergingWalker) doList(t *schema.List) (errs ValidationErrors) {
	lhs, _ := w.derefList("lhs: ", w.lhs)
	if lhs != nil {
		defer w.allocator.Free(lhs)
	}
	rhs, _ := w.derefList("rhs: ", w.rhs)
	if rhs != nil {
		defer w.allocator.Free(rhs)
	}

	// If both lhs and rhs are empty/null, treat it as a
	// leaf: this helps preserve the empty/null
	// distinction.
	emptyPromoteToLeaf := (lhs == nil || lhs.Length() == 0) && (rhs == nil || rhs.Length() == 0)

	if t.ElementRelationship == schema.Atomic || emptyPromoteToLeaf {
		w.doLeaf()
		return nil
	}

	if lhs == nil && rhs == nil {
		return nil
	}

	errs = w.visitListItems(t, lhs, rhs)

	return errs
}

func (w *mergingWalker) visitMapItem(t *schema.Map, out map[string]interface{}, key string, lhs, rhs value.Value) (errs ValidationErrors) {
	fieldType := t.ElementType
	if sf, ok := t.FindField(key); ok {
		fieldType = sf.Type
	}
	pe := fieldpath.PathElement{FieldName: &key}
	w2 := w.prepareDescent(pe, fieldType)
	w2.lhs = lhs
	w2.rhs = rhs
	errs = append(errs, w2.merge(pe.String)...)
	if w2.out != nil {
		out[key] = *w2.out
	}
	w.finishDescent(w2)
	return errs
}

func (w *mergingWalker) visitMapItems(t *schema.Map, lhs, rhs value.Map) (errs ValidationErrors) {
	out := map[string]interface{}{}

	value.MapZipUsing(w.allocator, lhs, rhs, value.Unordered, func(key string, lhsValue, rhsValue value.Value) bool {
		errs = append(errs, w.visitMapItem(t, out, key, lhsValue, rhsValue)...)
		return true
	})
	if len(out) > 0 {
		i := interface{}(out)
		w.out = &i
	}

	return errs
}

func (w *mergingWalker) doMap(t *schema.Map) (errs ValidationErrors) {
	lhs, _ := w.derefMap("lhs: ", w.lhs)
	if lhs != nil {
		defer w.allocator.Free(lhs)
	}
	rhs, _ := w.derefMap("rhs: ", w.rhs)
	if rhs != nil {
		defer w.allocator.Free(rhs)
	}
	// If both lhs and rhs are empty/null, treat it as a
	// leaf: this helps preserve the empty/null
	// distinction.
	emptyPromoteToLeaf := (lhs == nil || lhs.Empty()) && (rhs == nil || rhs.Empty())

	if t.ElementRelationship == schema.Atomic || emptyPromoteToLeaf {
		w.doLeaf()
		return nil
	}

	if lhs == nil && rhs == nil {
		return nil
	}

	errs = append(errs, w.visitMapItems(t, lhs, rhs)...)

	return errs
}