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<!--Copyright (C) 1988-2005 by the Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES). See file COPYRIGHT for more information.-->
<html>
<head>
<title>GrADS Image Output</title></head>
<body bgcolor="e0f0ff" text="#000000">
<h2><b>Producing Hardcopy and Image Output from GrADS</b></h2>
<h3>Generating Image Files from GrADS</h3>
There are several GrADS commands that will convert the
contents of the graphics window into an image file. The differences
between them are the image formats they support and the way they are
implemented in GrADS.
<p>
<b><i>printim</i></b>
<p>
The <a href="gradcomdprintim.html"><code>printim</code></a> command
was introduced in version 1.8. It produces a PNG, GIF, or JPG formatted image file based on the current
contents of the GrADS metabuffer, which is the stuff displayed in the
graphics window, minus any widgets. <a
href="gradcomdprintim.html"><code>printim</code></a> will work in
batch mode.
<p><b><i>outxwd</i></b>
<p> The <code><a href="gradcomdoutxwd.html">outxwd</a></code> command draws the contents of the graphics display window to a file in XWD (X window dump) format. It does not work in batch mode.
<p><b><i>wi</i></b>
<p> The <code><a href="gradcomdwi.html">wi</a></code> command was deprecated long ago and is not included in version 1.9 or later.
<p>
<h3>Generating GrADS metafiles</h3>
<p>
<b><i>1. Set-up the GrADS metafile</i></b>
<p>
The first step in creating hardcopy image output is to invoke the <code><a href="gradcomdenableprint.html">enable print</a></code> command -- this opens the output file<em><code> </code></em>and enables
GrADS to direct image information to that file. If the file exists, it will be overwritten.
<p>
<b><i>2. Display the image</i></b>
<p>
The next step is to display the graphic that you want to print. When
you have finished, issue the <code><a href="gradcomdprint.html">print</a></code>command. GrADS copies the vector instructions used to create the current
display into the output file in a GrADS metacode format.
For multiple images in your metafile, use <code><a href="gradcomdclear.html">clear</a></code>, create the new image, and then <a href="gradcomdprint.html"><code>print</code></a> again.
<p>
<b><i>3. Close the GrADS metafile</i></b>
<p>
There are three way to close the output file:
<br>
<a href="gradcomddisableprint.html"><code>disable print</code></a><br>
<a href="gradcomdreinit.html"><code>reinit</code></a><br>
<a href="gradcomdquit.html"><code>quit</code></a><br>
<p>
<h3>Converting GrADS Metafiles to Postscript</h3>
<p>
GrADS metacode files may be translated into postscript using the GrADS
external utilities <a href="gradutilgxps.html"><code>gxps</code></a> and <a
href="gradutilgxeps.html"><code>gxeps</code></a>. Both utilities will
prompt for input and output filenames, unless they
are provided on the command line. The input filename should be the
file created by the <a href="gradcomdenableprint.html"> <code>enable
print</code></a> command. The output filename can be anything, but a
".ps" extension is conventional. Any existing file with this name will
be overwritten. Once the output file is created, you may print it
using UNIX print commands. Please consult the references pages for
<a href="gradutilgxps.html"><code>gxps</code></a> and
<a href="gradutilgxeps.html"><code>gxeps</code></a> to see
all the command line arguments and options.
<p>
<a href="gradutilgxps.html"><code>gxps</code></a> and <a
href="gradutilgxeps.html"><code>gxeps</code></a> are not
GrADS commands. They must be executed from the UNIX command line, or
preceded by a <a href="gradcomdshell.html"><code>!</code></a> and
executed as a shell command from the GrADS command line.
<p>
<h3>Generating Postscript from within GrADS </h3>
<p> There is a shortcut for creating an encapsulated postscript (EPS) file directly from within a GrADS session: use the <a href="gradcomdprint.html"><code>print</code></a> command without invoking the <code><a href="gradcomdenableprint.html">enable print</a></code> command first. This shortcut allows the user to skip the steps of creating the GrADS metafile and invoking the external utility <a
href="gradutilgxeps.html"><code>gxeps</code></a>. However, using this shortcut means there can only be one image per file, and none of the options available when invoking <a
href="gradutilgxeps.html"><code>gxeps</code></a> directly can be used.
<p>
<h3>Displaying GrADS Metafiles</h3>
<p>
GrADS metacode files may be displayed using the GrADS external utility
<a href="gradutilgxtran.html"><code>gxtran</code></a>. The input
filename should be the file created by the <a
href="gradcomdenableprint.html"> <code>enable print</code></a>
command. If the GrADS metafile contains more than one image, <a
href="gradutilgxtran.html"><code>gxtran</code></a> will animate them.
The animation can be automatic or controlled by the user with carriage
returns. Please consult the <a
href="gradutilgxtran.html"></code>gxtran</code> reference page</a> to
see all the command line arguments and options.
<p>
<h3>Displaying GrADS Metafiles with Windows 95/NT</h3>
<p>
The GrADS metafile Viewer (GV) allows you to view and manipulate GrADS
graphics output files using Windows 95/NT. There are two files to download:
<ul>
<li> <a href="ftp://grads.iges.org/grads/gv/gv32.exe">gv32.exe</a>
<li> <a href="ftp://grads.iges.org/grads/gv/gv32.hlp">gv32.hlp</a>
</ul>
<p>
To open the metafile simply double click on a file listed in the File
Manager or Explorer, drag and drop the file onto GV, or use the
standard <i>Open</i> dialog box. GV assumes that default extension of GRADS
metafiles is GMF. If your file includes more than one picture you can
browse through pages using the keyboard keys (PageDown and PageUp) or the
toolbar buttons.
<p>
Use the <i>View</i> commands and the <i>View/Options</i>
dialog box to customize the image -- display it as black-and-white or
color, change the line thickness, or clip and enlarge any part of the
image. Use the right mouse button to access the most commonly used
features.
<p>
There are two ways to save separate pages of a GRADS metafile as
Windows Metafile (WMF): 1) use the <i>File/Save Page As</i>
command, or 2) use the <i>Edit/Copy</i> command to copy the
current page to the Windows Clipboard and then <i>Edit/Paste</i>
it in your favorite Windows application that handles Windows
Metafiles.
<p>
Use <i>File/Print</i> command to print a current document <b>to
any printer</b> (you do not need a Postscript printer). Use
<i>File/Print Preview</i> to display the active metafile as it
would appear when printed.
<p>
</body>
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