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#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "grap.h"
#include "grap_data.h"
#include "grap_draw.h"
#include "grap_pic.h"
// This file is (c) 1998-2001 Ted Faber (faber@lunabase.org) see COPYRIGHT
// for the full copyright and limitations of liabilities.
// Convert the abstract types to Pictypes and draw them. These are
// called from for_each. These are declared outside the pic classes
// to keep g++ 2.7.3 happy.
template <class FROM, class TO>
class draw_f :
public unary_function<FROM *, int> {
frame *f;
public:
draw_f(frame *fr) : f(fr) { }
int operator()(FROM *ds) {
TO p(*ds);
p.draw(f);
return 0;
}
};
// Simpler declarations
typedef draw_f<DisplayString, PicDisplayString> draw_string_f;
typedef draw_f<tick, Pictick> draw_tick_f;
typedef draw_f<grid, Picgrid> draw_grid_f;
// A little helper function - tells if a DisplayString * points to a string
// with the clipped attribute. In an anonymous namespace so no one else has to
// see it.
namespace {
bool clipped(DisplayString *d) { return d->clip; }
}
extern bool compat_mode;
void Picgraph::init(string *n /* =0 */, string* p /* =0 */ ) {
// Start a new graph, but maybe not a new block.
if ( frame_queued ) base = 0;
graph::init(n, p); // clear the base classes parameters
if ( !base )
base = pframe = new Picframe;
if ( p ) pos = new string(*p);
frame_queued = false;
}
void Picgraph::draw(frame *) {
// Do the work of drawing the current graph.
displayer_f displayer(pframe); // Call draw on the object. This is
// an embedded class of graph.
if ( visible ) {
if ( !graphs++ ) {
cout << ".PS";
if (ps_param ) {
cout << *ps_param;
delete ps_param;
ps_param = 0;
}
cout << endl;
}
// if we have a name, use it
if ( name )
cout << *name << ": ";
// The graph itself
cout << "[" << endl;
for_each(coords.begin(), coords.end(), addmargin);
// put out the xy_gg mpic macros
for (coordinateDictionary::iterator ci = coords.begin();
ci != coords.end();
ci++) {
Piccoord pc(*(*ci).second);
displayer(&pc);
}
for_each(objs.begin(), objs.end(), displayer);
cout << "]";
// Positioning info relative to another graph in this block
if ( pos ) {
cout << " " << *pos << endl;
delete pos;
pos = 0;
}
else cout << endl;
}
}
void PicDisplayString::draw(frame *) {
// Draw a display string. Basically just a straight translation into
// pic/troff idioms.
cout << '"';
if ( size ) {
if ( relsz ) {
char relchar = ( size > 0 ) ? '+' : '-';
size = fabs(size);
if ( compat_mode ) {
cout << "\\s" << relchar;
cout << ((size > 9) ? "(" : "") << size;
}
else {
cout << "\\s[" << relchar << size << "]";
}
}
else {
// double digit size changes need the ( using classic troff. Groff
// allows a general [] syntax, that we use if available ).
if ( compat_mode )
cout << "\\s" << ((size > 9) ? "(" : "") << size;
else
cout << "\\s[" << size << "]";
}
}
if ( color && !compat_mode ) {
unquote(color);
cout << "\\m[" << *color << "]";
}
unquote(this);
cout << *(string*)this;
if ( color && !compat_mode ) cout << "\\m[]";
if ( size ) cout << "\\s" << 0 ;
cout << "\" ";
if ( j & (int) ljust ) cout << "ljust ";
if ( j & (int) rjust ) cout << "rjust ";
if ( j & (int) above ) cout << "above ";
if ( j & (int) below ) cout << "below ";
if ( j & (int) aligned ) cout << "aligned ";
}
void Picframe::frame_line(double x2, double y2, sides s) {
// straightforward line drawing of one frame line
switch (s) {
case left_side:
cout << "Left: ";
break;
case right_side:
cout << "Right: ";
break;
case top_side:
cout << "Top: ";
break;
case bottom_side:
cout << "Bottom: ";
break;
}
cout << "line ";
switch (desc[s].ld) {
case invis:
cout << "invis ";
break;
case solid:
default:
break;
case dotted:
cout << "dotted ";
if ( desc[s].param )
cout << desc[s].param << " ";
break;
case dashed:
cout << "dashed ";
if ( desc[s].param )
cout << desc[s].param << " ";
break;
}
if ( !compat_mode ) {
if ( desc[s].color ) cout << " color " << *desc[s].color << " " ;
if ( desc[s].thick ) cout << " thickness " << desc[s].thick << " " ;
}
cout << "right " << x2 << " up " << y2 << endl;
}
void Picframe::label_line(sides s) {
// Label a graph side. We rely heavily on pic tricks here. The C++
// is straightforward.
// Functor to convert a DisplayString to a PicdisplayString and print it
draw_string_f draw_string(this);
double dx, dy; // Used to place the alignment line relative to the axis
shiftlist::const_iterator csi;
switch (s) {
case left_side:
dx = -0.4; dy = 0;
break;
case right_side:
dx = 0.4; dy = 0;
break;
case top_side:
dx = 0; dy = 0.4;
break;
case bottom_side:
dx = 0; dy = -0.4;
break;
default: // to keep the compiler quiet
dx = dy = 0;
break;
}
for (csi = lshift[s]->begin(); csi != lshift[s]->end(); csi++) {
switch ((*csi)->dir) {
case left_side:
dx -= (*csi)->param;
break;
case right_side:
dx += (*csi)->param;
break;
case top_side:
dy += (*csi)->param;
break;
case bottom_side:
dy -= (*csi)->param;
break;
}
}
// DWB grap did not put the whitespace around for unlabelled sizes of the
// graph, so omit that space if in compatibility mode.
if ( compat_mode && label[s]->empty() ) return;
cout << "line invis ";
// draw all the labels
for_each(label[s]->begin(), label[s]->end(), draw_string);
switch (s) {
case left_side:
cout << "from Frame.Left.start + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
cout << "to Frame.Left.end + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
break;
case right_side:
cout << "from Frame.Right.start + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
cout << "to Frame.Right.end + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
break;
case bottom_side:
cout << "from Frame.Bottom.end + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
cout << "to Frame.Bottom.start + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
break;
case top_side:
cout << "from Frame.Top.start + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
cout << "to Frame.Top.end + (" << dx << ", " << dy << ") " ;
break;
default:
break;
}
cout << endl;
}
void Picframe::autoguess(sides sd, double &idx, double& dir, double& lim,
double &ts, int& ls, coord *c) {
// Calculate a reasonable placement of tickmarks if the user has not
// specified one. We aim for 5. The algorithm is heuristic.
double lo, hi; // Low and high tickmarks
double range; // the range of the coordinate system
// determine the range of the axes
if ( sd == bottom_side || sd == top_side ) {
lo = c->xmin;
hi = c->xmax;
ls = (c->logscale & x_axis);
} else {
lo = c->ymin;
hi = c->ymax;
ls = (c->logscale & y_axis);
}
// Make our ticksize guess
if ( !ls ) {
range = fabs(hi - lo);
ts = pow(10,floor(log10(range)));
while ( range/ts > 4 ) ts *= 2;
while ( range/ts < 3 ) ts /=2;
idx = ts * ceil(lo/ts);
} else {
idx = pow(10,floor(log10(lo)));
}
// On machines with signed 0 representations, this ensures that
// tickmarks have a 0 label (not a -0). See math(3).
if ( idx == -0.0 ) idx = 0.0;
// Are ticks increasing or decreasing?
if ( hi - lo < 0 ) dir = -1;
else dir = 1;
lim = hi;
}
void Picframe::addautoticks(sides sd) {
// Place ticks in accordance with the parameters returned by autoguess
double ts; // The tick size (for linear axes)
double dir, idx; // The direction of ticks and an index value
double hi; // the tick limit
int ls; // is this a logscale axis?
tick *t; // Temporary tick value
if ( tickdef[sd].size == 0 ) return;
autoguess(sd, idx, dir, hi, ts, ls, tickdef[sd].c);
// We use EPSILON in loops
while ( idx - hi < EPSILON*dir ) {
t = new tick(idx,tickdef[sd].size,sd,0, &tickdef[sd].shift,
tickdef[sd].c);
if ( tickdef[sd].prt)
t->prt = new DisplayString(idx,tickdef[sd].prt);
//t->prt = dblString(idx,tickdef[sd].prt);
tks.push_back(t);
if ( ls ) idx *= 10;
else idx += ts;
}
}
void Picframe::addautogrids(sides sd) {
// Place grids in accordance with the parameters returned by autoguess
double ts;
double dir, idx;
double hi;
int ls;
grid *g;
if ( griddef[sd].desc.ld == def ) return;
autoguess(sd, idx, dir, hi, ts, ls, griddef[sd].c);
// We use EPSILON in loops
while ( idx - hi < EPSILON*dir ) {
g = new grid(idx,&griddef[sd].desc,sd,0,
&griddef[sd].shift, griddef[sd].c);
if ( griddef[sd].prt)
// g->prt = dblString(idx,griddef[sd].prt);
g->prt = new DisplayString(idx,griddef[sd].prt);
gds.push_back(g);
if ( ls ) idx *= 10;
else idx += ts;
}
}
void Picframe::draw(frame *) {
// Draw the frame. Autotick if necessary and draw the axes and
// tickmarks. Straightforward application of the helpers above. The
// result is a frame that is labelled for pic placement of other
// graphs in the same block.
// functors to draw ticks and grids out of the lists.
draw_tick_f draw_tick(this);
draw_grid_f draw_grid(this);
cout << "Frame: [" << endl;
cout << "Origin: " << endl;
frame_line(0,ht,left_side);
frame_line(wid,0,top_side);
frame_line(0,-ht,right_side);
frame_line(-wid,0,bottom_side);
cout << "]" << endl;
for ( int i = 0; i < 4 ; i++ ) {
if ( label[(sides)i] )
label_line((sides)i);
addautoticks((sides)i);
addautogrids((sides)i);
}
for_each(tks.begin(), tks.end(), draw_tick);
for_each(gds.begin(), gds.end(), draw_grid);
}
bool Piclinesegment::clipx(double& x1, double& y1, double& x2, double& y2) {
// Clip the line to x = 0 and x = 1. We use the parametric
// representation of the line for simplicity of calculation. This
// gets called with the coordinates reversed to do the y-axis clip.
// the line is p + tv where x1, y1 is t==0 and x2, y2 is t==1
double px = x1; // Point coordinate
double py = y1; // Point coordinate
double vx = x2 - x1; // vector component
double vy = y2 - y1; // vector component
double t; // The parameter
// The line is parallel to the x axis. It's either all valid or
// all invalid. We use EPSILON again here to be conservative.
if ( vx > -EPSILON && vx < EPSILON )
if ( inbox(px) ) return true;
else return false;
// Do the x = 0 intercept
t = -px / vx;
// The semantics of inbox here mean that the line has been
// clipped. The intersection with x = 0 is between x1, y1 (t==0)
// and x2, y2 (t==1).
if ( inbox(t) ) {
// This is the zero intercept, and one point has been clipped,
// so if the first hasn't been clipped, the second must have.
// We recalculate the parametric representation so we can
// repeat the clip for x == 1. We use EPSILON here because we have to
// use it by definition in the t==1 half.
if ( px < EPSILON ) {
x1 = px + t * vx;
y1 = py + t * vy;
px = x1;
py = y1;
}
else {
x2 = px + t * vx;
y2 = py + t * vy;
}
vx = x2 - x1;
vy = y2 - y1;
}
// repeat for 1
t = (1 - px) / vx;
// The semantics of inbox here mean that the line has been
// clipped.
if ( inbox(t) ) {
// This is the 1 intercept, and one point has been clipped,
// so if the first hasn't been clipped, the second must have.
if ( px > 1 - EPSILON ) {
x1 = px + t * vx;
y1 = py + t * vy;
}
else {
x2 = px + t * vx;
y2 = py + t * vy;
}
}
// If both x points are clipped to inside the box, we have a line,
// otherwise, the whole line is invalid.
return inbox(x1) && inbox(x2);
}
bool Piclinesegment::clip(double& x1, double& y1, double& x2, double& y2) {
// If all 4 points are in the frame, return true. If not call
// clip twice to clip the lines, and return true only if both
// clips return valid lines. There is a little sleight of hand
// there: the && guarantees that we only keep clipping while there
// is a line to clip.
if ( inbox(x1) && inbox(x2) && inbox(y1) && inbox(y2) ) return true;
else return clipx(x1, y1, x2, y2) && clipx(y1, x1, y2, x2);
}
void Piclinesegment::draw(frame *f) {
// Draw this line segment. Clip the line segment according to the
// point's coordinates, then put them into the graph. There are some
// details to laying out the styles and poltting strings correctly.
double lastx, lasty; // The last point plotted (if any)
double x,y; // The current point's coordinates
double lastcx, lastcy; // The last point plotted post clipping
double cx,cy; // The current point post clipping
try {
x = to.c->map(to.x,x_axis);
y = to.c->map(to.y,y_axis);
}
catch (range_error &e) {
cerr << "Unable to map point: (" << to.x << ", " << to.y
<< ") : " << e.what() << endl;
return;
}
if ( from ) {
try {
lastcx = from->c->map(from->x, x_axis);
lastcy = from->c->map(from->y, y_axis);
}
catch (range_error &e) {
cerr << "Unable to map point: (" << to.x << ", " << to.y
<< ") : " << e.what() << endl;
return;
}
}
else {
lastx = lasty = 0.0;
}
cx = x;
cy = y;
if ( !from || clip(lastcx, lastcy, cx, cy) ) {
// If clipping has left us a (partial) line to draw, do
// so. This also is invoked on the first point of a line.
if ( !from ) {
if ( inbox(x) && inbox(y) )
cout << "move to Frame.Origin + (" << x * f->wid << ", "
<< y * f->ht << ")" << endl;
}
else {
// Chop off the arrowhead if the line is clipped
if ( arrow && inbox(x) && inbox(y) ) cout << "arrow ";
else cout << "line ";
switch (desc.ld) {
case invis:
cout << "invis ";
break;
case solid:
default:
break;
case dotted:
cout << "dotted ";
if ( desc.param ) cout << desc.param << " ";
break;
case dashed:
cout << "dashed ";
if ( desc.param ) cout << desc.param << " ";
break;
}
if ( !compat_mode ) {
if ( desc.color ) cout << " color " << *desc.color << " " ;
if ( desc.thick ) cout << " thickness " << desc.thick << " " ;
}
cout << "from Frame.Origin + (" << lastcx * f->wid << ", "
<< lastcy * f->ht << ") ";
cout << "to Frame.Origin + (" << cx * f->wid << ", "
<< cy * f->ht << ")" << endl;
}
// if a plot string has been specified and the point has
// not been clipped, put the plotstring out.
if ( plotstr && inbox(x) && inbox(y) ) {
PicDisplayString pstr(*plotstr);
pstr.draw(f);
if ( !from )
cout << " at Frame.Origin + (" << x * f->wid << ", "
<< y * f->ht << ")" << endl;
else cout << " at last line.end" << endl;
}
}
}
void Pictick::draw(frame *f) {
// Actually draw a tick mark. Map it into the appropriate coordinate
// space and draw and label the line. The translation from data
// structure to pic is straightforward.
double a,b; // x and y offsets from the origin
char *dir; // Direction of the tick mark
char *just; // placement of the label relative to the end of the tick
Picshiftdraw sd(cout); // Functor to put out multiple tick shifts
try {
switch (side) {
default:
case left_side:
a = 0;
b = c->map(where,y_axis);
dir = "left";
just = "rjust";
break;
case right_side:
a = 1;
b = c->map(where,y_axis);
dir = "right";
just = "ljust";
break;
case top_side:
a = c->map(where,x_axis);
b = 1;
dir = "up";
just = "above";
break;
case bottom_side:
a = c->map(where,x_axis);
b = 0;
dir = "down";
just = "below";
break;
}
}
catch (range_error& e) {
cerr << "failed to map tick value: " << where << ": "
<< e.what() << endl;
return;
}
// EPSLIONS for floating point weirdness
if ( a < -EPSILON || a > 1+EPSILON ) return;
else a *= f->wid;
if ( b < -EPSILON || b > 1+EPSILON ) return;
else b *= f->ht;
cout << "line from Frame.Origin + (" << a << ", " << b;
cout << ") then " << dir << " ";
cout << size << endl;
if ( prt ) {
double dist;
if ( size > 0 ) dist = 1.2 * size;
else dist = 0;
cout << "move from Frame.Origin + (" << a << ", " << b;
cout << ") then " << dir << " ";
cout << dist << endl;
for_each(shift.begin(), shift.end(), sd);
quote(prt);
PicDisplayString pprt(*prt);
pprt.draw(f);
cout << " " << just << " at Here" << endl;
}
}
void Picgrid::draw(frame *f) {
// Draw a grid line. As usual very similar to a tick.
double a,b;
double len;
char *dir;
Picshiftdraw sd(cout); // Functor to put out multiple tick shifts
try {
switch (side) {
default:
case left_side:
a = 0;
b = c->map(where,y_axis);
dir = "right";
len = f->wid;
break;
case right_side:
a = 1;
b = c->map(where,y_axis);
dir = "left";
len = f->wid;
break;
case top_side:
a = c->map(where,x_axis);
b = 1;
dir = "down";
len = f->ht;
break;
case bottom_side:
a = c->map(where,x_axis);
b = 0;
dir = "up";
len = f->ht;
break;
}
}
catch (range_error& e) {
cerr << "failed to map grid value: " << where << ": "
<< e.what() << endl;
return;
}
if ( a < 0 || a > 1 ) return;
else a *= f->wid;
if ( b < 0 || b > 1 ) return;
else b *= f->ht;
cout << "line ";
switch (desc.ld) {
case invis:
cout << "invis ";
break;
case solid:
default:
break;
case dotted:
cout << "dotted ";
if ( desc.param )
cout << desc.param << " ";
break;
case dashed:
cout << "dashed ";
if ( desc.param )
cout << desc.param << " ";
break;
}
if ( !compat_mode ) {
if ( desc.color ) cout << " color " << *desc.color << " ";
if ( desc.thick ) cout << " thickness " << desc.thick << " ";
}
cout << "from Frame.Origin + (" << a << ", " << b;
cout << ") then " << dir << " ";
cout << len << endl;
if ( prt ) {
cout << "move from Frame.Origin + (" << a << ", " << b;
cout << ") then " << dir << " ";
cout << -0.125 << endl;
for_each(shift.begin(), shift.end(), sd);
quote(prt);
PicDisplayString pprt(*prt);
pprt.draw(f);
cout << " at Here" << endl;
}
}
void Piccircle::draw(frame *f) {
// Plot a circle. Strightforward.
double x,y; // To transform the point into device coordinates
try {
x = center.c->map(center.x,x_axis);
y = center.c->map(center.y,y_axis);
}
catch (range_error& e) {
cerr << "Unable to map circle at (" << center.x << ", "
<< center.y << ") into " << "log coordinates: "
<< e.what() << endl;
return;
}
// Again, EPSILON is correct because it's needed for the 1+ and symmetry.
if ( x > 1+EPSILON || x < 0-EPSILON ) {
cerr << "Circle outside coordinates:" << center.x << ", ";
cerr << center.y << endl;
return;
}
if ( y > 1+EPSILON || y < 0-EPSILON ) {
cerr << "Circle outside coordinates:" << center.x << ", ";
cerr << center.y << endl;
return;
}
x *= f->wid;
y *= f->ht;
cout << "circle at Frame.Origin + (" << x << ", " << y << ")";
cout << " rad " << rad ;
switch (ld.ld) {
case invis:
cout << " invis ";
break;
case solid:
default:
break;
case dotted:
cout << " dotted ";
if ( ld.param )
cout << ld.param << " ";
break;
case dashed:
cout << " dashed ";
if ( ld.param )
cout << ld.param << " ";
break;
}
if ( !compat_mode ) {
if ( ld.fillcolor ) {
// fillcolor takes precedence over fill - if fillcolor is not
// null, we draw one box filled with that color, and then a
// second unfilled one in color (black is none specified)
ld.fill = 0;
cout << " shaded " << *ld.fillcolor << " ";
}
// Draw the circle with appropriate line style, fill, and color
if ( ld.color ) cout << " outline " << *ld.color << " ";
if ( ld.thick ) cout << " thick " << ld.thick << " " ;
}
if ( ld.fill ) cout << " fill " << ld.fill;
cout << endl;
}
void Picbox::draw(frame *f) {
// Plot the box. If there is a fill color, plot it twice so that
// the box and edge can be different colors
double x1,y1, x2,y2; // The box edges in device coords.
double ht, wid; // height and width in device units (inches)
try {
x1 = p1.c->map(p1.x,x_axis);
y1 = p1.c->map(p1.y,y_axis);
x2 = p2.c->map(p2.x,x_axis);
y2 = p2.c->map(p2.y,y_axis);
}
catch (range_error& e) {
cerr << "Unable to map box [(" << x1 << ", " << y1 << "), ("
<< x2 << ", " << y2 << ")] into logscale : " << e.what() << endl;
return;
}
// make (x1,y1) upper right and (x2,y2) lower left
if ( x1 < x2 ) swap(x1,x2);
if ( y1 < y2) swap(y1,y2);
// Clip the box
// If the box is entirely out of frame, ignore it. EPSILON for 1+ and
// symmetry.
if ( (x1 > 1+EPSILON && x2 > 1+EPSILON) ||
(x1 <-EPSILON && x2 < -EPSILON ) ) return;
if ( (y1 > 1+EPSILON && y2 > 1+EPSILON) ||
(y1 <-EPSILON && y2 < -EPSILON ) ) return;
// Box is at least partially in frame - clip it
if ( x1 > 1+EPSILON) x1 = 1;
if ( y1 > 1+EPSILON) y1 = 1;
if ( x2 < -EPSILON) x2 = 0;
if ( y2 < -EPSILON) y2 = 0;
x1 *= f->wid;
y1 *= f->ht;
x2 *= f->wid;
y2 *= f->ht;
wid = fabs(x1-x2);
ht = fabs(y1-y2);
cout << "box ht " << ht << " wid " << wid ;
cout << " with .ne at Frame.Origin + (" << x1 << ", " << y1 << ")";
switch (ld.ld) {
case invis:
cout << " invis ";
break;
case solid:
default:
break;
case dotted:
cout << " dotted ";
if ( ld.param )
cout << ld.param << " ";
break;
case dashed:
cout << " dashed ";
if ( ld.param )
cout << ld.param << " ";
break;
}
if ( !compat_mode ) {
if ( ld.fillcolor ) {
// fillcolor takes precedence over fill - if fillcolor is not
// null, we draw one box filled with that color, and then a
// second unfilled one in color (black is none specified)
ld.fill = 0;
cout << " shaded " << *ld.fillcolor << " ";
}
if ( ld.color ) cout << " outline " << *ld.color << " " ;
if ( ld.thick ) cout << " thickness " << ld.thick << " " ;
}
if ( ld.fill ) cout << " fill " << ld.fill;
cout << endl;
}
void Picplot::draw(frame *f) {
// Slightly trickier than the circle because we have to output a list
// of strings instead of one. A functor to convert the DisplayStrings
// to PicDisplayStrings and plot them simplifies matters.
double x, y; // To transform the point into device coordinates
bool in_frame = true;
// To print a set of strings
draw_string_f draw_string(f);
if ( !strs || !loc ) return;
try {
x = f->wid * loc->c->map(loc->x,x_axis);
y = f->ht * loc->c->map(loc->y,y_axis);
}
catch (range_error& e) {
cerr << "Unable to place string at (" << loc->x << ", " << loc->y
<< "): " << e.what() << endl;
return;
}
// Clip strings to lie in the graph (if requested)
if ( x < -EPSILON || x > f->wid + EPSILON ) in_frame = false;
if ( y < -EPSILON || y > f->ht + EPSILON ) in_frame = false;
// Make a copy of all the DisplayStrings that are really displayed - either
// all of them, if the plot is in the graph, or the unclipped ones if the
// plot is off the graph.
stringlist v;
if ( in_frame )
copy(strs->begin(), strs->end(), back_inserter(v));
else
remove_copy_if(strs->begin(), strs->end(), back_inserter(v), clipped);
// If there are strings to show, show them.
if ( v.size() ) {
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), draw_string);
cout << "at Frame.Origin + (" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
// Now v will go out of scope and disappear, leaving the object itself
// alone.
}
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