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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">
<!--
This is a generated document. Do not edit.
-->
<HTML VERSION="2.0">
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Output Formats</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=white>
<A NAME="top"></A>
<H1 align=CENTER>Output Formats</H1>
<HR>
The output format is specified with the <STRONG>-T</STRONG><I>lang</I>
flag on the <A HREF=command.html>command line</A>, where <I>lang</I>
is one of the parameters listed below.
<P>
Note that the internal coordinate system has the origin
in the lower left corner.
Thus, positions in the
<A HREF=#d:canon>canon</A>,
<A HREF=#d:dot>dot</A>,
<A HREF=#d:xdot>xdot</A>,
<A HREF=#d:plain>plain</A>, and
<A HREF=#d:plain-ext>plain-ext</A>
formats need to be interpreted in this manner.
<P>
<TABLE ALIGN=CENTER>
<TR><TH>Command-line<BR>parameter</TH><TH>Format</TH></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:canon HREF=#d:canon>canon</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:dot HREF=#d:dot>dot</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:xdot HREF=#d:xdot>xdot</A>
</TD><TD>DOT</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:cmap HREF=#d:cmap>cmap</A>
</TD><TD>Client-side imagemap (deprecated)</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:dia HREF=#d:dia>dia</A>
</TD><TD>Dia format</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:fig HREF=#d:fig>fig</A>
</TD><TD>FIG</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:gd HREF=#d:gd>gd</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:gd2 HREF=#d:gd2>gd2</A>
</TD><TD>GD/GD2 formats</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:gif HREF=#d:gif>gif</A>
</TD><TD>GIF</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:hpgl HREF=#d:hpgl>hpgl</A>
</TD><TD>HP-GL/2</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:imap HREF=#d:imap>imap</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:cmapx HREF=#d:cmapx>cmapx</A>
</TD><TD>Server-side and client-side imagemaps</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:ismap HREF=#d:ismap>ismap</A>
</TD><TD>Server-side imagemap (deprecated)</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:jpg HREF=#d:jpg>jpg</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:jpeg HREF=#d:jpeg>jpeg</A>
</TD><TD>JPEG</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:mif HREF=#d:mif>mif</A>
</TD><TD>FrameMaker MIF format</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:mp HREF=#d:mp>mp</A>
</TD><TD>MetaPost</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:pcl HREF=#d:pcl>pcl</A>
</TD><TD>PCL</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:pic HREF=#d:pic>pic</A>
</TD><TD>PIC</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:plain HREF=#d:plain>plain</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:plain-ext HREF=#d:plain-ext>plain-ext</A>
</TD><TD>Simple text format</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:png HREF=#d:png>png</A>
</TD><TD>Portable Network Graphics format</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:ps HREF=#d:ps>ps</A>
</TD><TD>PostScript</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:ps2 HREF=#d:ps2>ps2</A>
</TD><TD>PostScript for PDF</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:svg HREF=#d:svg>svg</A>
<BR><A NAME=a:svgz HREF=#d:svgz>svgz</A>
</TD><TD>Scalable Vector Graphics</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:vrml HREF=#d:vrml>vrml</A>
</TD><TD>VRML</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:vtx HREF=#d:vtx>vtx</A>
</TD><TD>Visual Thought format</TD> </TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME=a:wbmp HREF=#d:wbmp>wbmp</A>
</TD><TD>Wireless BitMap format</TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<H2>Format Descriptions</H2>
<DL>
<DT><A NAME=d:canon HREF=#a:canon><STRONG>canon</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:dot HREF=#a:dot><STRONG>dot</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:xdot HREF=#a:xdot><STRONG>xdot</STRONG></A>
<DD> These formats produce output in the
<A HREF=lang.html>dot language</A>.
Using <B>canon</B> produces a prettyprinted version of the input,
with no layout performed.
<P>
The <B>dot</B> option corresponds to attributed dot output,
and is the default output format.
It reproduces the input, along with layout information for the graph.
In particular, a <A HREF=attrs.html#d:bb>bb</A> attribute is
attached to the graph, specifying the bounding box of the drawing.
If the graph has a label, its position is specified by the
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:lp>lp</A> attribute.
<P>
Each node gets <A HREF=attrs.html#d:pos>pos</A>,
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:width>width</A> and
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:height>height</A> attributes. If the node is a record,
the record rectangles are given in the
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:rects>rects</A> attribute.
If the node is a polygon and the
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:vertices>vertices</A> attribute is defined, this
attribute contains the vertices of the node.
<P>
Every edge is
assigned a <A HREF=attrs.html#d:pos>pos</A> attribute,
and if the edge has a label, the label position
is given in <A HREF=attrs.html#d:lp>lp</A>.
<P>
The <B>xdot</B> format extends the
<B>dot</B> format by providing much more detailed information about
how graph components are drawn. It relies on additional attributes
for nodes, edges and graphs. The format is preliminary; comments and
suggestions for better representations are welcome.
Not also that we will have to extend the descriptions in the near
future to handle richer record and text representations.
<P>
At present, additional drawing attributes are only attached to nodes
and edges. There are six new attributes:
<SPACER TYPE=VERTICAL size=10>
<TABLE border bgcolor=beige>
<TR><TD>_draw_<TD colspan=2>Drawing operations
<TR><TD>_ldraw_<TD colspan=2>Label drawing
<TR><TD>_hdraw_<TD>Head arrowhead<TD>Edge only
<TR><TD>_tdraw_<TD>Tail arrowhead<TD>Edge only
<TR><TD>_hldraw_<TD>Head label<TD>Edge only
<TR><TD>_tldraw_<TD>Tail label<TD>Edge only
</TABLE>
<P>
The value of these attributes consists of the concatenation of some
(multi-)set of the following 12 rendering or attribute operations.
<SPACER TYPE=VERTICAL size=10>
<TABLE border bgcolor=beige>
<TR><TD>E x<sub>0</sub> y<sub>0</sub> w h
<TD>Filled ellipse ((x-x<sub>0</sub>)/w)<sup>2</sup> + ((y-y<sub>0</sub>)/h)<sup>2</sup> = 1
<TR><TD>e x<sub>0</sub> y<sub>0</sub> w h
<TD>Unfilled ellipse ((x-x<sub>0</sub>)/w)<sup>2</sup> + ((y-y<sub>0</sub>)/h)<sup>2</sup> = 1
<TR><TD>P n x<sub>1</sub> y<sub>1</sub> ... x<sub>n</sub> y<sub>n</sub>
<TD>Filled polygon using the given n points
<TR><TD>p n x<sub>1</sub> y<sub>1</sub> ... x<sub>n</sub> y<sub>n</sub>
<TD>Unfilled polygon using the given n points
<TR><TD>L n x<sub>1</sub> y<sub>1</sub> ... x<sub>n</sub> y<sub>n</sub>
<TD>Polyline using the given n points
<TR><TD>B n x<sub>1</sub> y<sub>1</sub> ... x<sub>n</sub> y<sub>n</sub>
<TD>B-spline using the given n control points
<TR><TD>b n x<sub>1</sub> y<sub>1</sub> ... x<sub>n</sub> y<sub>n</sub>
<TD>Filled B-spline using the given n control points
<TR><TD>T x y j w n -<I>c<sub>1</sub>c<sub>2</sub>...c<sub>n</sub><I>
<TD>Text drawn using the baseline point (x,y). The text consists of the
n characters following '-'. The text should be left-aligned (centered,
right-aligned) on the point if j is -1 (0, 1), respectively. The value
w gives the width of the text as computed by the library.
<TR><TD>C n -<I>c<sub>1</sub>c<sub>2</sub>...c<sub>n</sub><I>
<TD>Set fill color. The color value consists of the
n characters following '-'.
<TR><TD>c n -<I>c<sub>1</sub>c<sub>2</sub>...c<sub>n</sub><I>
<TD>Set pen color. The color value consists of the
n characters following '-'.
<TR><TD>F s n -<I>c<sub>1</sub>c<sub>2</sub>...c<sub>n</sub><I>
<TD>Set font. The font size is s points. The font name consists of the
n characters following '-'.
<TR><TD>S n -<I>c<sub>1</sub>c<sub>2</sub>...c<sub>n</sub><I>
<TD>Set style attribute. The style value consists of the
n characters following '-'. The syntax of the value is the same as
specified for a <B>styleItem</B> in <A HREF=attrs.html#k:style>style</A>.
</TABLE>
<SPACER TYPE=VERTICAL size=10>
In handling alignment, the application may want to recompute the
string width using its own rendering primitives.
<P>
The text operation is only used in the label attributes. Normally,
the non-text operations are only used in the non-label attributes.
If, however, the <A HREF=attrs.html#d:decorate>decorate</A>
attribute is set on an edge, its label
attribute will also contain a polyline operation.
In addition, if a label is a complex, HTML-like label, it will also
contain non-text operations.
<P>
All coordinates and sizes are in points.
Note though that if
an edge or node is invisible, no drawing operations are attached to it.
<DT><A NAME=d:cmap HREF=#a:cmap><STRONG>cmap</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces map files for client-side image maps. The cmap format is
mostly identical to cmapx, but the latter is well-formed XML amenable
to processing by XML tools. In particular, the cmapx output is wrapped in
<map></map>.
<DT><A NAME=d:dia HREF=#a:dia><STRONG>dia</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces <A HREF="http://www.gnome.org/projects/dia/">Dia</A> output.
<DT><A NAME=d:fig HREF=#a:fig><STRONG>fig</STRONG></A>
<DD> Outputs graphs in the FIG graphics language.
<DT><A NAME=d:gd HREF=#a:gd><STRONG>gd</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:gd2 HREF=#a:gd2><STRONG>gd2</STRONG></A>
<DD> Output images in the GD and GD2 format. These are the internal
formats used by the gd library. The latter is compressed.
<DT><A NAME=d:gif HREF=#a:gif><STRONG>gif</STRONG></A>
<DD> Outputs GIF bitmap images.
<DT><A NAME=d:hpgl HREF=#a:hpgl><STRONG>hpgl</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces output in the HP-GL/2 vector graphic printer language.
<DT><A NAME=d:imap HREF=#a:imap><STRONG>imap</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:cmapx HREF=#a:cmapx><STRONG>cmapx</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces map files for server-side and client-side image maps,
These can be used in a web page with
a graphical form of the output, e.g. in JPEG or GIF format, to attach
links to nodes and edges. For example, to create a server-side map
given the dot file
<PRE>
/* x.dot */
digraph G {
URL="http://www.research.att.com/base.html";
command [URL="http://www.research.att.com/command.html"];
command -> output [URL="colors.html"];
}
</PRE>
one would process the graph twice:
<PRE>
dot -Timap x.dot > x.map
dot -Tgif x.dot > x.gif
</PRE>
and then refer to it in a web page:
<XMP>
<A HREF="x.map">
<IMG SRC="x.gif" ISMAP>
</A>
</XMP>
For client-side maps, one again processes the graph twice:
<PRE>
dot -Tcmapx x.dot > x.map
dot -Tgif x.dot > x.gif
</PRE>
and uses the HTML
<XMP>
<IMG SRC="x.gif" USEMAP=#mainmap>
<MAP NAME="mainmap">
... [content of x.map] ...
</MAP>
</XMP>
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:URL>URLs</A> can be attached to the root
graph, nodes and edges. If a node has a URL, clicking in the node
will activate the link.
If an edge has a URL, various
points along the edge (but not necessarily the head or tail)
will link to it. In addition, if the edge has a
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:label>label</A>, that will link
to the URL.
As for the head of the edge, this is linked to the
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:headURL>headURL</A>, if set.
Otherwise, it is linked to the edge's URL if that is defined.
The analogous description holds for the tail and the
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:tailURL>tailURL</A>.
A URL associated with the graph is used as a default link.
<P>
If the URL
of a node contains the escape sequence "\N", it will be replaced by
the node's name.
If the headURL is defined and contains the escape sequence "\N",
it will be replaced by
the <A HREF=attrs.html#d:headlabel>headlabel</A>, if defined.
The analogous result holds for the tailURL and the
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:taillabel>taillabel</A>.
<DT><A NAME=d:ismap HREF=#a:ismap><STRONG>ismap</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces HTML image map files. This is a predecessor (circa 1994)
of the IMAP format. Most servers now use the latter.
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:URL>URLs</A> can be attached to the root graph,
nodes and edges. Since edge
links are attached to edge labels, an edge must
have a <A HREF=attrs.html#d:label>label</A> for its
URL to be used. For both nodes and edges, if the URL has the escape
sequence "\N" embedded in its string, this will be replaced with the
node or edge name.
<DT><A NAME=d:jpg HREF=#a:jpg><STRONG>jpg</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:jpeg HREF=#a:jpeg><STRONG>jpeg</STRONG></A>
<DD> Output JPEG compressed image files.
This format relies on the installation having the JPEG library.
<DT><A NAME=d:mif HREF=#a:mif><STRONG>mif</STRONG></A>
<DD> Generates Frame Maker MIF files.
<DT><A NAME=d:mp HREF=#a:mp><STRONG>mp</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces <A HREF="http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html">MetaPost</A> output.
<DT><A NAME=d:pcl HREF=#a:pcl><STRONG>pcl</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces output in the PCL printer language.
<A HREF=#d:hpgl>HP-GL</A> is a subset of
PCL, so that PCL output is the same as HP-GL, wrapped with some initial
and final commands to set the printer to and from HP-GL mode.
<DT><A NAME=d:pic HREF=#a:pic><STRONG>pic</STRONG></A>
<DD> Outputs in PIC, the picture description language in the troff-family
<DT><A NAME=d:plain HREF=#a:plain><STRONG>plain</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:plain-ext HREF=#a:plain-ext><STRONG>plain-ext</STRONG></A>
<DD> The plain and plain-ext formats produce output using
a simple, line-based language.
The latter format differs in that, on edges, it provides port names
on head and tail nodes when applicable.
<P>
There are four types of statements.
<PRE>
<STRONG>graph</STRONG> <I>scale</I> <I>width</I> <I>height</I>
<STRONG>node</STRONG> <I>name</I> <I>x</I> <I>y</I> <I>width</I> <I>height</I> <I>label</I> <I>style</I> <I>shape</I> <I>color</I> <I>fillcolor</I>
<STRONG>edge</STRONG> <I>tail</I> <I>head</I> <I>n</I> <I>x<sub>1</sub></I> <I>y<sub>1</sub></I> .. <I>x<sub>n</sub></I> <I>y<sub>n</sub></I> [<I>label</I> <I>xl</I> <I>yl</I>] <I>style</I> <I>color</I>
<STRONG>stop</STRONG>
</PRE>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>graph</STRONG>
<DD>The <I>width</I> and <I>height</I> values give the width and height
of the drawing. The lower left corner of the drawing is at the origin.
The <I>scale</I> value indicates how the drawing should be scaled
if a <A HREF=attrs.html#d:size>size</A> attribute was given and the drawing
needs to be scaled to conform to that size. If no scaling is necessary,
it will be set to 1.0. Note that all graph, node and edge
coordinates and lengths are given unscaled.
<DT><STRONG>node</STRONG>
<DD>The <I>name</I> value is the name of the node, and <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>
give the node's position. The <I>width</I> and <I>height</I> are the
width and height of the node.
The <I>label</I>,
<I>style</I>, <I>shape</I>, <I>color</I> and <I>fillcolor</I> give the
node's <A HREF=attrs.html#d:label>label</A>,
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:style>style</A>, <A HREF=attrs.html#d:shape>shape</A>,
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:color>color</A> and
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:fillcolor>fillcolor</A>,
respectively, using attribute default values where necessary. If the
node does not have a style attribute, "solid" is used.
<DT><STRONG>edge</STRONG>
<DD>The <I>tail</I> and <I>head</I> values give the names of the head and
tail nodes. In plain-ext format, the head or tail name will be appended
with a colon and a portname if the edge connects to the node at a port.
<I>n</I> is the number of control points defining the
B-spline forming the edge. This is followed by 2*<I>n</I> numbers giving
the x and y coordinates of the control points in order from tail to head.
If the edge has a <A HREF=attrs.html#d:label>label</A>, this comes next
followed by the x and y coordinates of the label's position.
The edge description is completed by the edge's
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:style>style</A> and <A HREF=attrs.html#d:color>color</A>.
As with nodes, if a style is not defined, "solid" is used.
<P>
<B>Note:</B> The control points given in an edge statement define the
body of the edge. In particular, if the edge has an arrowhead to the
head or tail node,
there will be a gap between the last or first control points and the
boundary of the associated node. There are at least 3 possible ways
of handling this gap:
<UL>
<LI> Arrange that the input graph uses <TT>dir=none</TT>,
<TT>arrowhead=none</TT>, or <TT>arrowtail=none</TT> for all edges.
In this case, the terminating control points will always touch the
<LI> Consider the line segment joining the control point and the center
of the node, and determine the point where the segment intersects the
node's boundary. Then use the control point and the intersection point
as the main axis of an arrowhead. The problem with this approach is
that, if the edge has a port, the edge will not be pointing to the
center of the node. In this case, rather than use the control point
and center point, one can use the control point and its tangent.
<LI> Arrange that the input graph uses <TT>headclip=false</TT> or
<TT>tailclip=false</TT>. In this case, the edge will terminate at
the node's center rather than its boundary. If arrowheads are used,
there will still be a gap, but normally this will occur within the
node. The application will still need to clip the spline to the node
boundary. Also, as with the previous item, if the edge points to
a node port, this technique will fail.
</UL>
</DL>
The output consists of one <STRONG>graph</STRONG> line, a sequence of
<STRONG>node</STRONG> lines, one per node, a sequence of
<STRONG>edge</STRONG> lines, one per edge, and a final <STRONG>stop</STRONG>
line. All units are in inches, represented by a floating point number.
<P>
Note that the plain formats provide minimal information, really giving not
much more than node positions and sizes, and edge spline control points.
These formats are usually most useful to applications wanting just this
geometric information, and willing to fill in all of the graphical details.
The only real advantages to these formats is their terseness and their
ease of parsing. In general, the <A HREF=#d:dot>dot</A> and
<A HREF=#d:xdot>xdot</A> are preferable in terms of the quantity of
information provided.
<DT><A NAME=d:png HREF=#a:png><STRONG>png</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces output in the PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format.
PNG relies on having libz and the PNG library.
<DT><A NAME=d:ps HREF=#a:ps><STRONG>ps</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces PostScript output.
<DT><A NAME=d:ps2 HREF=#a:ps2><STRONG>ps2</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces PostScript output with PDF notations. It is assumed the output
will be directly converted into PDF format. The notations include PDF
bounding box information, so that the resulting PDF file can be correctly
used with pdf tools, such as <STRONG>pdflatex</STRONG>.
In addition, if a node has a URL
attribute, this gets translated into PDF code such that the node,
when viewed in a PDF-viewer, e.g.,
<STRONG>acroread</STRONG>,
is a link to the given URL. If a URL is attached to the graph, this serves
as a base, such that relative URLs on nodes are derived from it.
<DT><A NAME=d:svg HREF=#a:svg><STRONG>svg</STRONG></A>
,<DT><A NAME=d:svgz HREF=#a:svgz><STRONG>svgz</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produce <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/svg/">SVG</A> output,
the latter in compressed format.
SVG relies on having libz.
<DT><A NAME=d:vrml HREF=#a:vrml><STRONG>vrml</STRONG></A>
<DD> Outputs graphs in the <A HREF="http://www.vrml.org/">VRML</A> format.
To get a 3D embedding, nodes must have a <A HREF=attrs.html#d:z>z</A>
attribute. These can either be supplied as part of the input graph, or
be generated by neato provided <A HREF=attrs.html#d:dim>dim</A><TT>=3</TT>
and at least one node has a <B>z</B> value.
<P>
Line segments are drawn as cylinders.
In general, VRML output relies on having the PNG library to produce images
used to texture-fill the node shapes. However, if
<A HREF=attrs.html#d:shape>shape</A><TT>=point</TT>,
a node is drawn as a 3D sphere.
<DT><A NAME=d:vtx HREF=#a:vtx><STRONG>vtx</STRONG></A>
<DD> Generates graph diagrams in the format for
<A HREF="http://www.bombshellstudios.com/samples/co/vt.html">Confluents's Visual Thought</A>.
<DT><A NAME=d:wbmp HREF=#a:wbmp><STRONG>wbmp</STRONG></A>
<DD> Produces output in the Wireless BitMap (WBMP) format, optimized for
mobile computing.
</DL>
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