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<h2>GRASS variables and environment variables</h2>
There are two types of variables:
<ul>
<li><a href="#enviro">shell environment</a> variables,</li>
<li><a href="#gisenv">GRASS gisenv</a> variables.</li>
</ul>
There are a number of <i>shell</i> environment variable groups:
<ul>
<li><a href="#png">PNG driver</a></li>
<li><a href="#ps">PS driver (PostScript)</a></li>
<li><a href="#html">HTMLMAP driver</a></li>
<!--<li><a href="#cairo">Cairo driver</a></li>-->
<li><a href="#dirrend">variables for direct rendering</a></li>
<li><a href="#internal">variables for internal use</a></li>
</ul>
Any setting which needs to be modifiable by a GRASS program (e.g. MONITOR)
has to be a GRASS <i>gisenv</i> variable.
<h2>GRASS-related Files</h2>
GRASS maintains some settings in a number of files on the system. They are
detailed <a href="#files">below</a>.
<h2>Setting environment variables</h2>
Setting environment variables depends on the shell being used:
<br><br>
Bash:
<div class="code"><pre>
export VARIABLE=value
</pre></div>
Csh:
<div class="code"><pre>
setenv VARIABLE value
</pre></div>
Cmd.exe (Windows):
<div class="code"><pre>
set VARIABLE=value
</pre></div>
<h2>Setting environment variables permanently</h2>
<ul>
<li>
To get personal BASH shell definitions (aliases, color listing option, ...)
into GRASS, store them in:<br>
<tt>$HOME/.grass.bashrc</tt></li>
<li>
To get personal CSH shell definitions (aliases, color listing option, ...)
into GRASS, store them in:<br>
<tt>$HOME/.grass.cshrc</tt></li>
</ul>
<h2>Setting GRASS gisenv variables</h2>
Use <em><a href="g.gisenv.html">g.gisenv</a></em> within GRASS. This permanently
predefines GRASS variables in the <tt>.grassrc6</tt> file.
<br><br>
Usage:
<div class="code"><pre>
g.gisenv set="VARIABLE=VALUE"
</pre></div>
It looks unusual with two equals signs, but <em>g.gisenv</em> serves dual duty for
getting and setting GRASS variables.
<p>
If the user just specifies a variable name, it defaults to <b>get</b> mode.
For example:
<div class="code"><pre>
g.gisenv GRASS_GUI
text
</pre></div>
<a name="enviro"></a>
<h2>List of selected (GRASS related) environment variables</h2>
<blockquote>
[ To be set from the terminal shell or startup scripts ]
</blockquote>
<dl>
<dt>GISBASE</dt>
<dd>directory where GRASS lives. This is set automatically by the
startup script.</dd>
<dt>GISRC</dt>
<dd>name of <tt>.grassrc6</tt> file. Defines the system wide value
while in a GRASS session.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_ADDON_PATH</dt>
<dd>[grass startup script, g.extension]<br>
specifies additional path(s) containing local and/or custom GRASS
modules extra to the standard distribution.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_ADDON_ETC</dt>
<dd>[libgis, g.findetc]<br>
specify paths where support files (etc/) may be found external to
standard distribution.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_BATCH_JOB</dt>
<dd>defines the name (path) of a shell script to be processed as
batch job.</dd>
<dt>GIS_ERROR_LOG</dt>
<dd>If set, GIS_ERROR_LOG should be the absolute path to the log
file (a relative path will be interpreted relative to the process'
cwd, not the cwd at the point the user set the variable). If not
set, <tt>$HOME/GIS_ERROR_LOG</tt> is used instead. The file will
only be used if it already exists.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_ERROR_MAIL</dt>
<dd>set to any value to send user mail on an error or warning that
happens while stderr is being redirected.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_GNUPLOT</dt>
<dd>[<!-- m.svfit, s.probplt, s.sv -->i.spectral]<br>
program to use for plotting <em>gnuplot</em> data.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_GUI</dt>
<dd>either <tt>text</tt> or <tt>gui</tt> to define non-/graphical startup.
<br>
Can also specify the name of the GUI to use, e.g. <tt>tcltk</tt>
(<em><a href="gis.m.html">gis.m</a></em>), <tt>oldtcltk</tt>
(<em><a href="d.m.html">d.m</a></em>) or <tt>wxpython</tt>
(<em><a href="wxGUI.html">wxGUI</a></em>). Also exists as a GRASS
gisenv variable (see below). If this shell variable exists at GRASS
startup, it will determine the GUI used. If it is not defined startup
will default to the last GUI used.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_FONT_CAP</dt>
<dd>[g.mkfontcap, d.font, display drivers]<br>
specifies an alternative location (to <tt>$GISBASE/etc/fontcap</tt>) for
the font configuration file.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_HEIGHT</dt>
<dd>[d.mon]<br>
defines the height of GRASS monitor, see also GRASS_WIDTH.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_HTML_BROWSER</dt>
<dd>[init.sh, d.m, gis.m]<br>
defines name of HTML browser. For most platforms this should be
an executable in your PATH, or the full path to an executable.<br>
Mac OS X runs applications differently from the CLI.
Therefore, GRASS_HTML_BROWSER should be the application's signature,
which is a domain-like name, just reversed, i.e. com.apple.Safari. To
find an application's signature, type the following in a Terminal
(fill in the path to the application you are interested in, for
example: /Applications/Safari.app):<br> <code>grep -A 1
"CFBundleIdentifier"</code> <i>/path/to/application.app</i><code>/Contents/Info.plist</code><br>
The signature is the <string> following the <key>,
without the bracketing <string> tags.</dd>
<dt>G_INFO_FORMAT_STANDARD</dt>
<dd>[init.sh, wxgui]<br>
sets percentage output and message formatting style to standard formatting.</dd>
<dt>G_INFO_FORMAT_GUI</dt>
<dd>[init.sh, wxgui]<br>
sets percentage output and message formatting style to GUI formatting.</dd>
<dt>G_INFO_FORMAT_SILENT</dt>
<dd>[init.sh, wxgui]<br>
disables percentage output and error messages.</dd>
<dt>G_INFO_FORMAT_PLAIN</dt>
<dd>[init.sh, wxgui]<br>
sets percentage output and message formatting style to ASCII output without rewinding control characters.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_INT_ZLIB</dt>
<dd>[libgis]<br>
if the environment variable GRASS_INT_ZLIB exists, new compressed <i>integer</i> (CELL type)
raster maps will be compressed using zlib instead of RLE
compression. Such rasters will have a <tt>compressed</tt> value of 2 in the
cellhd file.
<br>
Obviously, decompression is controlled by the
raster's <tt>compressed</tt> value, not the environment variable.
</dd>
<dt>GRASS_MESSAGE_FORMAT</dt>
<dd>[various modules, wxGUI]<br>
it may be set to either
<ul>
<li><tt>standard</tt> - sets percentage output and message
formatting style to standard formatting,</li>
<li><tt>gui</tt> - sets percentage output and message formatting
style to GUI formatting,</li>
<li><tt>silent</tt> - disables percentage output and error
messages,</li>
<li><tt>plain</tt> - sets percentage output and message
formatting style to ASCII output without rewinding control
characters.</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>GRASS_MOUSE_BUTTON</dt>
<dd>[various modules]<br>
swaps mouse buttons for two-button or left-handed mice. Its value
has three digits 1, 2, and 3, which represent default left, middle, and right
buttons respectively. Setting to <tt>132</tt> will swap middle and right buttons. Note
that this variable should be set before a display driver is initialized (e.g.,
<tt>d.mon x0</tt>).</dd>
<dt>GRASS_PAGER</dt>
<dd>[various modules]<br>
it may be set to either <tt>less</tt>, <tt>more</tt>, or <tt>cat</tt>.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_PERL</dt>
<dd>[used during install process for generating man pages]<br>
set Perl with path.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_RND_SEED</dt>
<dd>set random seed
for <em><a href="r.mapcalc.html">r.mapcalc</a></em> rand()
function.</dd>
<!-- HB Sept 2005: I don't think this exists anymore:
<p>GRASS_STDERR
<br> set to any value to prevent user mail on error
-->
<dt>GRASS_SKIP_MAPSET_OWNER_CHECK</dt>
<dd>By default it is not possible to work with MAPSETs that are
not owned by current user. Setting this variable to any non-empty value
allows the check to be skipped.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_SH</dt>
<dd>[shell scripts on Windows]<br>
path to bourne shell interpreter used to run shell scripts.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_PYTHON</dt>
<dd>[wxGUI, Python scripting]<br>
set to override Python executable.<br>
On Mac OS X this should be the <tt>pythonw</tt> executable for the
wxGUI to work.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_WXBUNDLED</dt>
<dd>[wxGUI]<br>
set to tell wxGUI that a bundled wxPython will be used.<br>
When set, the wxGUI will not check the wxPython version, as this
function is incompatible with a bundled wxPython. It is up to the
packager to make sure that a compatible wxPython version is bundled.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_TCLSH</dt>
<dd>[nviz]<br>
set tclsh shell name to override 'tclsh'.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_XTERM</dt>
<dd>[lib/init/grass-xterm-wrapper, lib/init/grass-xterm-mac]<br>
set to any value (e.g. rxvt, aterm, gnome-terminal, konsole) to
substitute 'x-terminal-emulator' or 'xterm'. The Mac OS X app
startup defaults to an internal '$GISBASE/etc/grass-xterm-mac',
which emulates the necessary xterm functionality in
Terminal.app.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_UI_TERM</dt>
<dd>set to any value to use the terminal based parser.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_VERSION</dt>
<dd>reports the current version number (used by R-stats interface etc);
should not be changed by user.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_WIDTH</dt>
<dd>[d.mon]<br>
defines the width of GRASS monitor, see also GRASS_HEIGHT.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_WISH</dt>
<dd>[d.m, nviz]<br>
set wish shell name to override 'wish'.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_NO_GLX_PBUFFERS</dt>
<dd>[nviz]<br>
set to any value to disable the use of GLX Pbuffers.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_NO_GLX_PIXMAPS</dt>
<dd>[nviz]<br>
Set to any value to disable the use of GLX Pixmaps.</dd>
<dt>TMPDIR, TEMP, TMP</dt>
<dd>[Various GRASS GIS commands and wxGUI]<br>
<!-- what about Windows %TEMP% and http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ticket/560#comment:21 ? -->
The default wxGUI temporary directory is chosen from a
platform-dependent list, but the user can control the selection of
this directory by setting one of the TMPDIR, TEMP or TMP
environment variables Hence the wxGUI uses $TMPDIR if it is set,
then $TEMP, otherwise /tmp.</dd>
</dl>
<a name="png"></a>
<h3>List of selected GRASS PNG driver environment variables</h3>
<blockquote>
[ These variables control the function of the PNG driver ]
</blockquote>
See <a href="pngdriver.html">PNG driver</a> manual page for detailed
list of the variables.
<!--
2008/03 -- variables are described in PNG driver manual
page. The link should be enough here.
<p>
<p>GRASS_PNGFILE
<br> name of PNG output file. If it ends with ".ppm" a PPM file will be created.
<p>GRASS_WIDTH
<br> defines the width of GRASS monitor, see also GRASS_HEIGHT
<p>GRASS_HEIGHT
<br> defines the height of GRASS monitor, see also GRASS_WIDTH
<p>GRASS_BACKGROUNDCOLOR
<br> defines the background color of the image created by the PNG driver
<p>GRASS_TRANSPARENT
<br> if "TRUE", the image created by the PNG driver will have a
transparent background
<p>GRASS_PNG_COMPRESSION
<br> compression level of PNG files (0 = none, 1 = fastest, 9 = best)
<p>GRASS_TRUECOLOR
<br> if "TRUE", the PNG driver generates a true-color image
<p>GRASS_PNG_AUTO_WRITE
<br> tells the PNG driver to write the image to a file whenever a
client disconnects, rather than waiting until you stop the monitor
<p>GRASS_PNG_READ
<br> if "TRUE", the PNG driver will initialize the image from
the contents of $GRASS_PNGFILE
<p>GRASS_PNG_MAPPED
<br> if "TRUE", the PNG driver will map $GRASS_PNGFILE as its framebuffer,
rather than using memory; this only works with BMP files
-->
<a name="ps"></a>
<h3>List of selected GRASS PS driver environment variables</h3>
<blockquote>
[ These variables control the function of the PS driver ]
</blockquote>
See <a href="psdriver.html">PS driver</a> manual page for detailed
list of the variables.
<!--
2008/03 -- variables are described in PS driver manual
page. The link should be enough here.
<p>
<p>GRASS_PSFILE
<br> name of output file. If it ends with ".eps" an EPS file
will be created.
<p>GRASS_PAPER <br> sets the screen dimensions and margins to
fit a standard paper size, see also GRASS_WIDTH, GRASS_HEIGHT.
<p>GRASS_WIDTH
<br> defines the width of the screen, see also GRASS_HEIGHT
<p>GRASS_HEIGHT
<br> defines the height of the screen, see also GRASS_WIDTH
<p>GRASS_TRUECOLOR
<br> if "TRUE", the PS driver generates color output, otherwise
monochrome.
<p>GRASS_LANDSCAPE
<br> if "TRUE", the screen is rotated 90 degrees
counter-clockwise so that a "landscape" screen fits better on
"portrait" paper.
<p>GRASS_PS_HEADER
<br> if "FALSE", the output is appended to any existing file,
and no prolog or setup sections are generated.
<p>GRASS_PS_TRAILER
<br> if "FALSE", no trailer section is generated.
-->
<a name="html"></a>
<h3>List of selected HTMLMAP driver environment variables</h3>
<blockquote>
[ These variables control the function of the HTMLMAP driver ]
</blockquote>
See <a href="htmlmapdriver.html">HTMLMAP driver</a> manual page for
detailed list of the variables.
<!--
<a name="cairo"></a>
<h3>List of selected Cairo driver environment variables</h3>
<blockquote>
[ These variables control the function of the Cairo driver ]
</blockquote>
See <a href="cairodriver.html">Cairo driver</a> manual page for
detailed list of the variables.
-->
<a name="dirrend"></a>
<h3>List of selected GRASS environment variables for direct rendering</h3>
<blockquote>
[ In addition to those which are understood by the
<a href="pngdriver.html">PNG driver</a>, the following variables
affect direct rendering. ]
</blockquote>
<dl>
<dt>GRASS_RENDER_IMMEDIATE</dt>
<dd>tells the raster library to use its built-in PNG/PS driver rather
than connecting to an external monitor process using sockets. If
GRASS_RENDER_IMMEDIATE=TRUE is set, there is no need to run
<tt>d.mon start=PNG</tt>.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_FONT</dt>
<dd>specifies the font as either the name of a font from
$GISBASE/etc/fontcap (or alternative fontcap file specified by GRASS_FONT_CAP),
or alternatively the full path to a FreeType font file.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_ENCODING</dt>
<dd>the encoding to be assumed for text which is drawn using a
freetype font; may be any encoding know to <em>iconv</em>.</dd>
</dl>
<a name="internal"></a>
<h3>List of selected internal GRASS environment variables</h3>
<blockquote>
[ These variables are intended <b>for internal use only</b> by the GRASS
software to facilitate communication between the GIS engine, GRASS scripts,
and the GUI.
The user should not set these in a GRASS session. They are meant to be set
locally for specific commands. ]
</blockquote>
<dl>
<dt>GRASS_OVERWRITE</dt>
<dd>[all modules]<br>
toggles map overwrite.
<ul>
<li>0 - maps are protected (default),</li>
<li>1 - maps with identical names will be overwritten.</li>
</ul>
This variable is automatically created
by <em><a href="g.parser.html">g.parser</a></em> so that the
<tt>--overwrite</tt> option will
be inherited by dependent modules as the script runs. Setting either the
GRASS_OVERWRITE environment variable or the OVERWRITE gisenv variable detailed
below will cause maps with identical names to be overwritten.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_VERBOSE</dt>
<dd>[all modules]<br>
toggles verbosity level
<ul>
<li>0 - only errors and warnings are printed</li>
<li>1 - progress messages are printed (percent complete)</li>
<li>2 - all module messages are printed</li>
<li>3 - additional verbose messages are printed</li>
</ul>
This variable is automatically created by <em><a href="g.parser.html">g.parser</a></em>
so that the <tt>--verbose</tt> or <tt>--quiet</tt> flags will be inherited
by dependent modules as the script runs.</dd>
<dt>GRASS_REGION</dt>
<dd>[libgis]<br>
override region settings, separate parameters with a ";". Format
is the same as in the WIND region settings file. Otherwise use is the same as
WIND_OVERRIDE.</dd>
<dt>WIND_OVERRIDE</dt>
<dd>[libgis]<br>
it causes programs to use the specified named region (created with
e.g. <tt>g.region save=...</tt>) to be used as the current region, instead of
the region from the WIND file.<br><br>
This allows programs such as gis.m to run external commands on an
alternate region without having to modify the WIND file then change it
back afterwards.</dd>
</dl>
<a name="gisenv"></a>
<h2>List of selected GRASS gisenv variables</h2>
<blockquote>
[ Use <em><a href="g.gisenv.html">g.gisenv</a></em> to get/set/unset/change them ]
</blockquote>
<dl>
<dt>DEBUG</dt>
<dd>[entire GRASS]<br>
sets level of debug message output (0: no debug messages)
<div class="code"><pre>
g.gisenv set=DEBUG=0
</pre></div>
<dt>WX_DEBUG</dt>
<dd>[wxGUI]<br>
sets level of debug message output for <em><a href="wxGUI.html">wxGUI</a></em> (0: no debug messages, 1-5 debug levels)
<dt>DM_FORM_MODE</dt>
<dd>[d.m]<br>
sets default form mode (<tt>txt</tt> or <tt>gui</tt>)</dd>
<dt>GISDBASE</dt>
<dd>initial database</dd>
<dt>GIS_LOCK</dt>
<dd>lock ID to prevent parallel GRASS use,
<br>process id of the start-up shell script</dd>
<dt>GRASS_DB_ENCODING</dt>
<dd>[d.what.vect/forms library]<br>
encoding of query form (utf-8, ascii, iso8859-1, koi8-r)</dd>
<dt>GRASS_GUI</dt>
<dd>either <tt>text</tt> or <tt>gui</tt> to define non-/graphical startup.
<br> Can also specify the name of the GUI to use,
e.g. <tt>tcltk</tt>
(<em><a href="gis.m.html">gis.m</a></em>), <tt>oldtcltk</tt>
(<em><a href="d.m.html">d.m</a></em>) or <tt>wxpython</tt>
(<em><a href="wxGUI.html">wxGUI</a></em>). Also exists as a shell
environment variable. If this shell variable exists at GRASS
startup, it will determine the GUI used. If it is not defined
startup will default to the last GUI used.</dd>
<dt>LOCATION</dt>
<dd>full path to location directory</dd>
<dt>LOCATION_NAME</dt>
<dd>initial location name</dd>
<dt>MAPSET</dt>
<dd>initial mapset</dd>
<dt>OVERWRITE</dt>
<dd>[all modules]<br>
toggles map overwrite.
<ul>
<li>0 - maps are protected (default),</li>
<li>1 - maps with identical names will be overwritten.</li>
</ul>
This variable is automatically created
by <em><a href="g.parser.html">g.parser</a></em> so that the
<tt>--overwrite</tt> option will
be inherited by dependent modules as the script runs. Setting either the
GRASS_OVERWRITE environment variable or the OVERWRITE gisenv variable detailed
below will cause maps with identical names to be overwritten.</dd>
</dl>
<a name="files"></a>
<h2>GRASS-related Files</h2>
<dl>
<dt>$HOME/.grassrc6</dt>
<dd>stores the GRASS gisenv variables (but not environment variables)</dd>
<dt>$HOME/.grasslogin6</dt>
<dd>stores the DBMI passwords in this hidden file.
Only the file owner can access this file.</dd>
<dt>$HOME/GIS_ERROR_LOG</dt>
<dd>if this file exists then all GRASS error and warning messages are
logged here. Applies to current user. To generate the file, use:
<tt>touch $HOME/GIS_ERROR_LOG</tt><br>
See also GIS_ERROR_LOG variable.</dd>
</dl>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<em>
<a href="displaydrivers.html">Display drivers</a>
<a href="g.gisenv.html">g.gisenv</a>,
<a href="g.parser.html">g.parser</a>
</em>
<p>
<i>Last changed: $Date: 2014-04-30 15:58:17 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2014) $</i>
<hr>
<p>
<a href=index.html>Help Index</a>
<p>
© 2008-2012 <a href="http://grass.osgeo.org">GRASS Development Team</a>
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