1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.0.3, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<!-- This manual documents GNU troff version 1.23.0.
Copyright 1994-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License". -->
<title>Input Encodings (The GNU Troff Manual)</title>
<meta name="description" content="Input Encodings (The GNU Troff Manual)">
<meta name="keywords" content="Input Encodings (The GNU Troff Manual)">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<link href="index.html" rel="start" title="Top">
<link href="Request-Index.html" rel="index" title="Request Index">
<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
<link href="Text.html" rel="up" title="Text">
<link href="Input-Conventions.html" rel="next" title="Input Conventions">
<link href="Macro-Packages.html" rel="prev" title="Macro Packages">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.copiable-link {visibility: hidden; text-decoration: none; line-height: 0em}
span.w-nolinebreak-text {white-space: nowrap}
span:hover a.copiable-link {visibility: visible}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang="en">
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Input-Encodings">
<div class="nav-panel">
<p>
Next: <a href="Input-Conventions.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Input Conventions</a>, Previous: <a href="Macro-Packages.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Macro Packages</a>, Up: <a href="Text.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Text</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Request-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<h4 class="subsection" id="Input-Encodings-1">5.1.9 Input Encodings</h4>
<p>The <code class="command">groff</code> command’s <samp class="option">-k</samp> option calls the
<code class="command">preconv</code> preprocessor to perform input character encoding
conversions. Input to the GNU <code class="code">troff</code> formatter itself, on the
other hand, must be in one of two encodings it can recognize.
</p>
<dl class="table">
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-input_002c-EBCDIC'><span><code class="code">cp1047</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-input_002c-EBCDIC'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EBCDIC_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encoding_002c-EBCDIC"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding_002c-input_002c-code-page-1047"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-code-page-1047_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encoding_002c-code-page-1047"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-IBM-code-page-1047-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cp1047_002etmac"></a>
<p>The code page 1047 input encoding works only on <abbr class="acronym">EBCDIC</abbr>
platforms (and conversely, the other input encodings don’t work with
<abbr class="acronym">EBCDIC</abbr>); the file <samp class="file">cp1047.tmac</samp> is loaded at startup.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029'><span><code class="code">latin1</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ISO-8859_002d1-_0028Latin_002d1_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encoding_002c-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latin1_002etmac"></a>
<p>ISO <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-1</span><!-- /@w -->, an encoding for Western European languages, is the
default input encoding on non-<abbr class="acronym">EBCDIC</abbr> platforms; the file
<samp class="file">latin1.tmac</samp> is loaded at startup.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Any document that is encoded in ISO 646:1991 (a descendant of USAS
<span class="w-nolinebreak-text">X3.4-1968</span><!-- /@w --> or “US-ASCII”), or, equivalently, uses only code points
from the “C0 Controls” and “Basic Latin” parts of the Unicode
character set is also a valid ISO <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-1</span><!-- /@w --> document; the standards
are interchangeable in their first 128 code points.<a class="footnote" id="DOCF30" href="groff.html_fot.html#FOOT30"><sup>30</sup></a>
</p>
<p>Other encodings are supported by means of macro packages.
</p>
<dl class="table">
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d2-_0028ISO-8859_002d2_0029'><span><code class="code">latin2</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d2-_0028ISO-8859_002d2_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Latin_002d2-_0028ISO-8859_002d2_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ISO-8859_002d2-_0028Latin_002d2_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encoding_002c-Latin_002d2-_0028ISO-8859_002d2_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latin2_002etmac"></a>
<p>To use ISO <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-2</span><!-- /@w -->, an encoding for Central and Eastern European
languages, invoke ‘<samp class="samp">.mso latin2.tmac</samp>’<!-- /@w --> at the beginning of your
document or supply ‘<samp class="samp">-mlatin2</samp>’ as a command-line argument to
<code class="code">groff</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d5-_0028ISO-8859_002d9_0029'><span><code class="code">latin5</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d5-_0028ISO-8859_002d9_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Latin_002d5-_0028ISO-8859_002d9_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ISO-8859_002d9-_0028Latin_002d5_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encoding_002c-Latin_002d5-_0028ISO-8859_002d9_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latin5_002etmac"></a>
<p>To use ISO <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-5</span><!-- /@w -->, an encoding for the Turkish language, invoke
‘<samp class="samp">.mso latin5.tmac</samp>’<!-- /@w --> at the beginning of your document or
supply ‘<samp class="samp">-mlatin5</samp>’ as a command-line argument to <code class="code">groff</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d9-_0028ISO-8859_002d15_0029'><span><code class="code">latin9</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-input_002c-Latin_002d9-_0028ISO-8859_002d15_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Latin_002d9-_0028ISO-8859_002d15_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ISO-8859_002d15-_0028Latin_002d9_0029_002c-input-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-input-encoding_002c-Latin_002d9-_0028ISO-8859_002d15_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-latin9_002etmac"></a>
<p>ISO <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-9</span><!-- /@w --> succeeds <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-1</span><!-- /@w -->; it includes a Euro sign and better
glyph coverage for French. To use this encoding, invoke ‘<samp class="samp">.mso latin9.tmac</samp>’<!-- /@w --> at the beginning of your document or supply
‘<samp class="samp">-mlatin9</samp>’ as a command-line argument to <code class="code">groff</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Some characters from an input encoding may not be available with a
particular output driver, or their glyphs may not have representation in
the font used. For terminal devices, fallbacks are defined, like
‘<samp class="samp">EUR</samp>’ for the Euro sign and ‘<samp class="samp">(C)</samp>’ for the copyright sign. For
typesetter devices, you may need to “mount” fonts that support glyphs
required by the document. See <a class="xref" href="Font-Positions.html">Font Positions</a>.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-freeeuro_002epfa"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ec_002etmac"></a>
<p>Because a Euro glyph was not historically defined in PostScript fonts,
<code class="code">groff</code> comes with a font called <samp class="file">freeeuro.pfa</samp> that provides
the Euro in several styles. Standard PostScript fonts contain the
glyphs from <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-5</span><!-- /@w --> and <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-9</span><!-- /@w --> that <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-1</span><!-- /@w --> lacks, so these
encodings are supported for the <samp class="option">ps</samp> and <samp class="option">pdf</samp> output
devices as <code class="code">groff</code> ships, while <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-2</span><!-- /@w --> is not.
</p>
<p>Unicode supports characters from all other input encodings; the
<samp class="option">utf8</samp> output driver for terminals therefore does as well. The
DVI output driver supports the <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-2</span><!-- /@w --> and <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-9</span><!-- /@w --> encodings if
the command-line option <samp class="option">-mec</samp> is used as well. <a class="footnote" id="DOCF31" href="groff.html_fot.html#FOOT31"><sup>31</sup></a>
</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="nav-panel">
<p>
Next: <a href="Input-Conventions.html">Input Conventions</a>, Previous: <a href="Macro-Packages.html">Macro Packages</a>, Up: <a href="Text.html">Text</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Request-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
