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<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Tables_002c-figures_002c-equations_002c-and-references">4.6.5.9 Tables, figures, equations, and references</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ms-macros_002c-tables"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ms-macros_002c-figures"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ms-macros_002c-equations"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ms-macros_002c-references"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tables-_005bms_005d"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figures-_005bms_005d"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equations-_005bms_005d"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-references-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>The <samp class="file">ms</samp> package is often used with the <code class="code">tbl</code>, <code class="code">pic</code>,
<code class="code">eqn</code>, and <code class="code">refer</code> preprocessors.
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tbl"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pic"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-eqn"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-refer"></a>
Mark text meant for preprocessors by enclosing it in pairs of tokens
as follows, with nothing between the dot and the macro name. The
preprocessors match these tokens only at the start of an input line.
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eTS"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.TS</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<code class="code">H</code>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eTS'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TS-_005bms_005d"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx defmacx-alias-deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002eTE"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.TE</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eTE'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TE-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Demarcate a table to be processed by the <code class="code">tbl</code> preprocessor. The
optional argument <code class="code">H</code> to <code class="code">TS</code> instructs <samp class="file">ms</samp> to
repeat table rows (often column headings) at the top of each new page
the table spans, if applicable; calling the <code class="code">TH</code> macro marks the
end of such rows. The GNU <cite class="cite">tbl<span class="r">(1)</span></cite> man page provides a
comprehensive reference to the preprocessor and offers examples of its
use.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002ePS"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.PS</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ePS'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PS-_005bms_005d"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx defmacx-alias-deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002ePE"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.PE</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ePE'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PE-_005bms_005d"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx defmacx-alias-deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002ePF"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.PF</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ePF'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PF-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p><code class="code">PS</code> begins a picture to be processed by the <code class="command">gpic</code>
preprocessor; either of <code class="code">PE</code> or <code class="code">PF</code> ends it, the latter with
“flyback” to the vertical position at its top. You can create
<code class="code">pic</code> input manually or with a program such as <code class="code">xfig</code>.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eEQ"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.EQ</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">align</i></span> [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">label</i></span>]]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eEQ'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EQ-_005bms_005d"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx defmacx-alias-deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002eEN"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.EN</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eEN'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EN-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Demarcate an equation to be processed by the <code class="code">eqn</code> preprocessor.
The equation is centered by default; <var class="var">align</var> can be ‘<samp class="samp">C</samp>’,
‘<samp class="samp">L</samp>’, or ‘<samp class="samp">I</samp>’ to (explicitly) center, left-align, or indent it
by the amount stored in the <code class="code">DI</code> register, respectively. If
specified, <var class="var">label</var> is set right-aligned.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002e_005b"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.[</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002e_005b'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005b-_005bms_005d"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx defmacx-alias-deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002e_005d"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002e_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005d-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Demarcate a bibliographic citation to be processed by the <code class="code">refer</code>
preprocessor. The GNU <cite class="cite">refer<span class="r">(1)</span></cite> man page provides a
comprehensive reference to the preprocessor and the format of its
bibliographic database. Type ‘<samp class="samp">man refer</samp>’ at the command line to
view it.
</p></dd></dl>
<p>When <code class="code">refer</code> emits collected references (as might be done on a
“Works Cited” page), it interpolates the <code class="code">REFERENCES</code> string as
an unnumbered heading (<code class="code">SH</code>).
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-table_002c-multi_002dpage_002c-example-_005bms_005d"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-multi_002dpage-table-example-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>The following is an example of how to set up a table that may print
across two or more pages.
</p>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">.TS H
allbox;
Cb | Cb .
Part→Description
_
.TH
.T&
GH-1978→Fribulating gonkulator
<span class="r">…the rest of the table follows…</span>
.TE
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Attempting to place a multi-page table inside a keep can lead to
unpleasant results, particularly if the <code class="code">tbl</code> <code class="code">allbox</code> option
is used.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-equation-example-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Mathematics can be typeset using the language of the <code class="code">eqn</code>
preprocessor.
</p>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">.EQ C (\*[SN-NO-DOT]a)
p ~ = ~ q sqrt { ( 1 + ~ ( x / q sup 2 ) }
.EN
</pre></div>
</td></tr></table>
<p>This input formats a labelled equation. We used the <code class="code">SN-NO-DOT</code>
string to base the equation label on the current heading number, giving
us more flexibility to reorganize the document.
</p>
<p>Use <code class="command">groff</code> options to run preprocessors on the input:
<samp class="option">-e</samp> for <code class="command">geqn</code>, <samp class="option">-p</samp> for <code class="command">gpic</code>,
<samp class="option">-R</samp> for <code class="command">grefer</code>, and <samp class="option">-t</samp> for <code class="command">gtbl</code>.
</p>
</div>
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