/* Copyright (C) 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.
  
  This file is part of GNU Ghostscript.
  
  GNU Ghostscript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  No author or distributor accepts responsibility to
  anyone for the consequences of using it or for whether it serves any
  particular purpose or works at all, unless he says so in writing.  Refer
  to the GNU Ghostscript General Public License for full details.
  
*/

/* gdevxini.c */
/* X Windows driver initialization for Ghostscript library */
#include "gx.h"			/* for gx_bitmap; includes std.h */
#include "memory_.h"
#include "math_.h"
#include "x_.h"
#include "gxdevice.h"
#include "gdevx.h"

extern char *getenv(P1(const char *));

private XtResource resources[] = {

/* (String) casts are here to suppress warnings about discarding `const' */
#define RINIT(a,b,t,s,o,it,n)\
  {(String)(a), (String)(b), (String)t, sizeof(s),\
   XtOffsetOf(gx_device_X, o), (String)it, (n)}
#define rpix(a,b,o,n)\
  RINIT(a,b,XtRPixel,Pixel,o,XtRString,(XtPointer)(n))
#define rdim(a,b,o,n)\
  RINIT(a,b,XtRDimension,Dimension,o,XtRImmediate,(XtPointer)(n))
#define rstr(a,b,o,n)\
  RINIT(a,b,XtRString,String,o,XtRString,(char*)(n))
#define rint(a,b,o,n)\
  RINIT(a,b,XtRInt,int,o,XtRImmediate,(XtPointer)(n))
#define rbool(a,b,o,n)\
  RINIT(a,b,XtRBoolean,Boolean,o,XtRImmediate,(XtPointer)(n))
#define rfloat(a,b,o,n)\
  RINIT(a,b,XtRFloat,float,o,XtRString,(XtPointer)(n))

  rpix(XtNbackground, XtCBackground, background, "XtDefaultBackground"),
  rpix(XtNborderColor, XtCBorderColor, borderColor, "XtDefaultForeground"),
  rdim(XtNborderWidth, XtCBorderWidth, borderWidth, 1),
  rstr("dingbatFonts", "DingbatFonts", dingbatFonts,
       "ZapfDingbats: -Adobe-ITC Zapf Dingbats-Medium-R-Normal--"),
  rpix(XtNforeground, XtCForeground, foreground, "XtDefaultForeground"),
  rstr(XtNgeometry, XtCGeometry, geometry, NULL),
  rbool("logExternalFonts", "LogExternalFonts", logXFonts, False),
  rint("maxGrayRamp", "MaxGrayRamp", maxGrayRamp, 128),
  rint("maxRGBRamp", "MaxRGBRamp", maxRGBRamp, 5),
  rstr("palette", "Palette", palette, "Color"),

    /*
     * I had to compress the whitespace out of the default string to
     * satisfy certain balky compilers.
     */
  rstr("regularFonts", "RegularFonts", regularFonts, "\
AvantGarde-Book:-Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Book-R-Normal--\n\
AvantGarde-BookOblique:-Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Book-O-Normal--\n\
AvantGarde-Demi:-Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Demi-R-Normal--\n\
AvantGarde-DemiOblique:-Adobe-ITC Avant Garde Gothic-Demi-O-Normal--\n\
Bookman-Demi:-Adobe-ITC Bookman-Demi-R-Normal--\n\
Bookman-DemiItalic:-Adobe-ITC Bookman-Demi-I-Normal--\n\
Bookman-Light:-Adobe-ITC Bookman-Light-R-Normal--\n\
Bookman-LightItalic:-Adobe-ITC Bookman-Light-I-Normal--\n\
Courier:-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--\n\
Courier-Bold:-Adobe-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--\n\
Courier-BoldOblique:-Adobe-Courier-Bold-O-Normal--\n\
Courier-Oblique:-Adobe-Courier-Medium-O-Normal--\n\
Helvetica:-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--\n\
Helvetica-Bold:-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--\n\
Helvetica-BoldOblique:-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-O-Normal--\n\
Helvetica-Narrow:-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Narrow--\n\
Helvetica-Narrow-Bold:-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Narrow--\n\
Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique:-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-O-Narrow--\n\
Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique:-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-O-Narrow--\n\
Helvetica-Oblique:-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-O-Normal--\n\
NewCenturySchlbk-Bold:-Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Bold-R-Normal--\n\
NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic:-Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Bold-I-Normal--\n\
NewCenturySchlbk-Italic:-Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Medium-I-Normal--\n\
NewCenturySchlbk-Roman:-Adobe-New Century Schoolbook-Medium-R-Normal--\n\
Palatino-Bold:-Adobe-Palatino-Bold-R-Normal--\n\
Palatino-BoldItalic:-Adobe-Palatino-Bold-I-Normal--\n\
Palatino-Italic:-Adobe-Palatino-Medium-I-Normal--\n\
Palatino-Roman:-Adobe-Palatino-Medium-R-Normal--\n\
Times-Bold:-Adobe-Times-Bold-R-Normal--\n\
Times-BoldItalic:-Adobe-Times-Bold-I-Normal--\n\
Times-Italic:-Adobe-Times-Medium-I-Normal--\n\
Times-Roman:-Adobe-Times-Medium-R-Normal--\n\
Utopia-Bold:-Adobe-Utopia-Bold-R-Normal--\n\
Utopia-BoldItalic:-Adobe-Utopia-Bold-I-Normal--\n\
Utopia-Italic:-Adobe-Utopia-Regular-I-Normal--\n\
Utopia-Regular:-Adobe-Utopia-Regular-R-Normal--\n\
ZapfChancery-MediumItalic:-Adobe-ITC Zapf Chancery-Medium-I-Normal--"),

  rstr("symbolFonts", "SymbolFonts", symbolFonts,
       "Symbol: -Adobe-Symbol-Medium-R-Normal--"),

  rbool("useBackingPixmap", "UseBackingPixmap", useBackingPixmap, True),
  rbool("useExternalFonts", "UseExternalFonts", useXFonts, True),
  rbool("useFontExtensions", "UseFontExtensions", useFontExtensions, True),
  rbool("useScalableFonts", "UseScalableFonts", useScalableFonts, True),
  rbool("useXPutImage", "UseXPutImage", useXPutImage, True),
  rbool("useXSetTile", "UseXSetTile", useXSetTile, True),
  rfloat("xResolution", "Resolution", xResolution, "0.0"),
  rfloat("yResolution", "Resolution", yResolution, "0.0"),

#undef RINIT
#undef rpix
#undef rdim
#undef rstr
#undef rint
#undef rbool
#undef rfloat
};

private String
fallback_resources[] = {
    (String)"Ghostscript*Background: white",
    (String)"Ghostscript*Foreground: black",
    NULL
};

/* Define constants for orientation from ghostview */
/* Number represents clockwise rotation of the paper in degrees */
typedef enum {
  Portrait = 0,		/* Normal portrait orientation */
  Landscape = 90,	/* Normal landscape orientation */
  Upsidedown = 180,	/* Don't think this will be used much */
  Seascape = 270	/* Landscape rotated the wrong way */
} orientation;

/* Forward references */
private void gdev_x_setup_colors(P1(gx_device_X *));
private void gdev_x_setup_fontmap(P1(gx_device_X *));

/* Catch the alloc error when there is not enough resources for the
 * backing pixmap.  Automatically shut off backing pixmap and let the
 * user know when this happens.
 */
private Boolean alloc_error;
private XErrorHandler orighandler;
private XErrorHandler oldhandler;

private int
x_catch_alloc(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *err)
{
    if (err->error_code == BadAlloc)
	alloc_error = True;
    if (alloc_error)
	return 0;
    return oldhandler(dpy, err);
}

int
x_catch_free_colors(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *err)
{
    if (err->request_code == X_FreeColors) return 0;
    return orighandler(dpy, err);
}

/* Open the X device */
int
gdev_x_open(register gx_device_X *xdev)
{
    XSizeHints sizehints;
    char *window_id;
    XEvent event;
    XVisualInfo xvinfo;
    int nitems;
    XtAppContext app_con;
    Widget toplevel;
    Display *dpy;
    XColor xc;
    int zero = 0;
    int xid_height, xid_width;

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (gs_debug['X']) {
	extern int _Xdebug;

	_Xdebug = 1;
    }
#endif
    if (!(xdev->dpy = XOpenDisplay((char *)NULL))) {
	char *dispname = getenv("DISPLAY");

	eprintf1("gs: Cannot open X display `%s'.\n",
		 (dispname == NULL ? "(null)" : dispname));
	exit(1);
    }
    xdev->dest = 0;
    if ((window_id = getenv("GHOSTVIEW"))) {
	if (!(xdev->ghostview = sscanf(window_id, "%ld %ld",
				       &(xdev->win), &(xdev->dest)))) {
	    eprintf("gs: Cannot get Window ID from ghostview.\n");
	    exit(1);
	}
    }
    if (xdev->pwin != (Window)None) {/* pick up the destination window parameters if specified */
	XWindowAttributes attrib;

	xdev->win = xdev->pwin;
	if (XGetWindowAttributes(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, &attrib)) {
	    xdev->scr = attrib.screen;
	    xvinfo.visual = attrib.visual;
	    xdev->cmap = attrib.colormap;
	    xid_width = attrib.width;
	    xid_height = attrib.height;
	} else {
	    /* No idea why we can't get the attributes, but */
	    /* we shouldn't let it lead to a failure below. */
	    xid_width = xid_height = 0;
	}
    }
    else if (xdev->ghostview) {
	XWindowAttributes attrib;
	Atom type;
	int format;
	unsigned long nitems, bytes_after;
	char *buf;
	Atom ghostview_atom = XInternAtom(xdev->dpy, "GHOSTVIEW", False);

	if (XGetWindowAttributes(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, &attrib)) {
	    xdev->scr = attrib.screen;
	    xvinfo.visual = attrib.visual;
	    xdev->cmap = attrib.colormap;
	    xdev->width = attrib.width;
	    xdev->height = attrib.height;
	}
	/* Delete property if explicit dest is given */
	if (XGetWindowProperty(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, ghostview_atom, 0,
			       256, (xdev->dest != 0), XA_STRING,
			       &type, &format, &nitems, &bytes_after,
			       (unsigned char **)&buf) == 0 &&
	    type == XA_STRING) {
	    int llx, lly, urx, ury;
	    int left_margin = 0, bottom_margin = 0;
	    int right_margin = 0, top_margin = 0;

	    /* We declare page_orientation as an int so that we can */
	    /* use an int * to reference it for sscanf; compilers */
	    /* might be tempted to use less space to hold it if */
	    /* it were declared as an orientation. */
	    int	/*orientation*/ page_orientation;
	    float xppp, yppp;	/* pixels per point */
	    nitems = sscanf(buf,
			    "%ld %d %d %d %d %d %f %f %d %d %d %d",
			    &(xdev->bpixmap), &page_orientation,
			    &llx, &lly, &urx, &ury,
			    &(xdev->x_pixels_per_inch),
			    &(xdev->y_pixels_per_inch),
			    &left_margin, &bottom_margin,
			    &right_margin, &top_margin);
	    if (!(nitems == 8 || nitems == 12)) {
		eprintf("gs: Cannot get ghostview property.\n");
		exit(1);
	    }
	    if (xdev->dest && xdev->bpixmap) {
		eprintf("gs: Both destination and backing pixmap specified.\n");
		exit(1);
	    }
	    if (xdev->dest) {
		Window root;
		int x, y;
		unsigned int width, height;
		unsigned int border_width, depth;

		if (XGetGeometry(xdev->dpy, xdev->dest, &root, &x, &y,
				 &width, &height, &border_width, &depth)) {
		    xdev->width = width;
		    xdev->height = height;
		}
	    }
	    xppp = xdev->x_pixels_per_inch / 72.0;
	    yppp = xdev->y_pixels_per_inch / 72.0;
	    switch (page_orientation) {
	    case Portrait:
		xdev->initial_matrix.xx = xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.xy = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yx = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yy = -yppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.tx = -llx * xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.ty = ury * yppp;
		break;
	    case Landscape:
		xdev->initial_matrix.xx = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.xy = yppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yx = xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yy = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.tx = -lly * xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.ty = -llx * yppp;
		break;
	    case Upsidedown:
		xdev->initial_matrix.xx = -xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.xy = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yx = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yy = yppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.tx = urx * xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.ty = -lly * yppp;
		break;
	    case Seascape:
		xdev->initial_matrix.xx = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.xy = -yppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yx = -xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.yy = 0.0;
		xdev->initial_matrix.tx = ury * xppp;
		xdev->initial_matrix.ty = urx * yppp;
		break;
	    }

	    /* The following sets the imageable area according to the */
	    /* bounding box and margins sent by ghostview.            */
	    /* This code has been patched many times; its current state */
	    /* is per a recommendation by Tim Theisen on 4/28/95. */

	    xdev->ImagingBBox[0] = llx - left_margin;
	    xdev->ImagingBBox[1] = lly - bottom_margin;
	    xdev->ImagingBBox[2] = urx + right_margin;
	    xdev->ImagingBBox[3] = ury + top_margin;
	    xdev->ImagingBBox_set = true;

	} else if (xdev->pwin == (Window)None) {
	    eprintf("gs: Cannot get ghostview property.\n");
	    exit(1);
	}
    } else {
	Screen *scr = DefaultScreenOfDisplay(xdev->dpy);

	xdev->scr = scr;
	xvinfo.visual = DefaultVisualOfScreen(scr);
	xdev->cmap = DefaultColormapOfScreen(scr);
    }

    xvinfo.visualid = XVisualIDFromVisual(xvinfo.visual);
    xdev->vinfo = XGetVisualInfo(xdev->dpy, VisualIDMask, &xvinfo, &nitems);
    if (xdev->vinfo == NULL) {
	eprintf("gs: Cannot get XVisualInfo.\n");
	exit(1);
    }

    /* Buggy X servers may cause a Bad Access on XFreeColors. */
    orighandler = XSetErrorHandler(x_catch_free_colors);

    /* Get X Resources.  Use the toolkit for this. */
    XtToolkitInitialize();
    app_con = XtCreateApplicationContext();
    XtAppSetFallbackResources(app_con, fallback_resources);
    dpy = XtOpenDisplay(app_con, NULL, "ghostscript", "Ghostscript",
			NULL, 0, &zero, NULL);
    toplevel = XtAppCreateShell(NULL, "Ghostscript",
				applicationShellWidgetClass, dpy, NULL, 0);
    XtGetApplicationResources(toplevel, (XtPointer) xdev,
			      resources, XtNumber(resources), NULL, 0);

    /* Reserve foreground and background colors under the regular connection. */
    xc.pixel = xdev->foreground;
    XQueryColor(xdev->dpy, xdev->cmap, &xc);
    XAllocColor(xdev->dpy, xdev->cmap, &xc);
    xc.pixel = xdev->background;
    XQueryColor(xdev->dpy, xdev->cmap, &xc);
    XAllocColor(xdev->dpy, xdev->cmap, &xc);

    gdev_x_setup_colors(xdev);
    gdev_x_setup_fontmap(xdev);

    if (!xdev->ghostview) {
	XWMHints wm_hints;
	XSetWindowAttributes xswa;
	gx_device *dev = (gx_device *)xdev;

	/* Take care of resolution and paper size. */
	if (xdev->x_pixels_per_inch == FAKE_RES ||
	    xdev->y_pixels_per_inch == FAKE_RES) {
	    float xsize, ysize;

	    xsize = (float)xdev->width / xdev->x_pixels_per_inch;
	    ysize = (float)xdev->height / xdev->y_pixels_per_inch;

	    if (xdev->xResolution == 0.0 && xdev->yResolution == 0.0) {
		float dpi, xdpi, ydpi;

		xdpi = 25.4 * WidthOfScreen(xdev->scr) /
		       WidthMMOfScreen(xdev->scr);
		ydpi = 25.4 * HeightOfScreen(xdev->scr) /
		       HeightMMOfScreen(xdev->scr);
		dpi = min(xdpi, ydpi);

		while (xsize*dpi > WidthOfScreen(xdev->scr)-32 ||
		       ysize*dpi > HeightOfScreen(xdev->scr)-32) {
		    dpi *= 0.95;
		}
		xdev->x_pixels_per_inch = dpi;
		xdev->y_pixels_per_inch = dpi;
	    } else {
		xdev->x_pixels_per_inch = xdev->xResolution;
		xdev->y_pixels_per_inch = xdev->yResolution;
	    }
	    if (xdev->width > WidthOfScreen(xdev->scr)) {
		xdev->width = xsize*xdev->x_pixels_per_inch;
	    }
	    if (xdev->height > HeightOfScreen(xdev->scr)) {
		xdev->height = ysize*xdev->y_pixels_per_inch;
	    }
	}

	sizehints.x = 0;
	sizehints.y = 0;
	sizehints.width = xdev->width;
	sizehints.height = xdev->height;
	sizehints.flags = 0;

	if (xdev->geometry != NULL) {
	    /*
	     * Note that border_width must be set first.  We can't use
	     * scr, because that is a Screen*, and XWMGeometry wants
	     * the screen number.
	     */
	    char gstr[40];
	    int bitmask;

	    sprintf(gstr, "%dx%d+%d+%d", sizehints.width,
		    sizehints.height, sizehints.x, sizehints.y);
	    bitmask = XWMGeometry(xdev->dpy, DefaultScreen(xdev->dpy),
				  xdev->geometry, gstr, xdev->borderWidth,
				  &sizehints,
				  &sizehints.x, &sizehints.y,
				  &sizehints.width, &sizehints.height,
				  &sizehints.win_gravity);

	    if (bitmask & (XValue | YValue))
		sizehints.flags |= USPosition;
	}

	gx_default_get_initial_matrix(dev, &(xdev->initial_matrix));
	
	if (xdev->pwin != (Window)None && xid_width != 0 && xid_height != 0) {
#if 0	/****************/

		/*
		 * The user who originally implemented the WindowID feature
		 * provided the following code to scale the displayed output
		 * to fit in the window.  We think this is a bad idea,
		 * since it doesn't track window resizing and is generally
		 * completely at odds with the way Ghostscript treats
		 * window or paper size in all other contexts.  We are
		 * leaving the code here in case someone decides that
		 * this really is the behavior they want.
		 */

		/* Scale to fit in the window. */
	    xdev->initial_matrix.xx 
		= xdev->initial_matrix.xx * 
		(float)xid_width / (float)xdev->width;
	    xdev->initial_matrix.yy 
		= xdev->initial_matrix.yy *
		(float)xid_height / (float)xdev->height;

#endif	/****************/
	    xdev->width = xid_width;
	    xdev->height = xid_height;
	    xdev->initial_matrix.ty = xdev->height;
	} else {		/* !xdev->pwin */
	    xswa.event_mask = ExposureMask;
	    xswa.background_pixel = xdev->background;
	    xswa.border_pixel = xdev->borderColor;
	    xswa.colormap = xdev->cmap;
	    xdev->win = XCreateWindow(xdev->dpy, RootWindowOfScreen(xdev->scr),
				      sizehints.x, sizehints.y,	/* upper left */
				      xdev->width, xdev->height,
				      xdev->borderWidth,
				      xdev->vinfo->depth,
				      InputOutput,	/* class 	*/
				      xdev->vinfo->visual,	/* visual */
				      CWEventMask | CWBackPixel |
				      CWBorderPixel | CWColormap,
				      &xswa);
	    XStoreName(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, "ghostscript");
	    XSetWMNormalHints(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, &sizehints);
	    wm_hints.flags = InputHint;
	    wm_hints.input = False;
	    XSetWMHints(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, &wm_hints); /* avoid input focus */
	}
    }

    /***
     *** According to Ricard Torres (torres@upf.es), we have to wait until here
     *** to close the toolkit connection, which we formerly did
     *** just after the calls on XAllocColor above.  I suspect that
     *** this will cause things to be left dangling if an error occurs
     *** anywhere in the above code, but I'm willing to let users
     *** fight over fixing it, since I have no idea what's right.
     ***/

    /* And close the toolkit connection. */
    XtDestroyWidget(toplevel);
    XtCloseDisplay(dpy);
    XtDestroyApplicationContext(app_con);

    xdev->ht.pixmap = (Pixmap) 0;
    xdev->ht.id = gx_no_bitmap_id;;
    xdev->fill_style = FillSolid;
    xdev->function = GXcopy;
    xdev->fid = (Font) 0;

    /* Set up a graphics context */
    xdev->gc = XCreateGC(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, 0, (XGCValues *) NULL);
    XSetFunction(xdev->dpy, xdev->gc, GXcopy);
    XSetLineAttributes(xdev->dpy, xdev->gc, 0,
		       LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);

    gdev_x_clear_window(xdev);

    if (!xdev->ghostview) {	/* Make the window appear. */
	XMapWindow(xdev->dpy, xdev->win);

	/* Before anything else, do a flush and wait for */
	/* an exposure event. */
	XFlush(xdev->dpy);
	if (xdev->pwin == (Window)None) {	/* there isn't a next event for existing windows */
	    XNextEvent(xdev->dpy, &event);
	}
    } else {
	/* Create an unmapped window, that the window manager will ignore.
	 * This invisible window will be used to receive "next page"
	 * events from ghostview */
	XSetWindowAttributes attributes;

	attributes.override_redirect = True;
	xdev->mwin = XCreateWindow(xdev->dpy, RootWindowOfScreen(xdev->scr),
				   0, 0, 1, 1, 0, CopyFromParent,
				   CopyFromParent, CopyFromParent,
				   CWOverrideRedirect, &attributes);
	xdev->NEXT = XInternAtom(xdev->dpy, "NEXT", False);
	xdev->PAGE = XInternAtom(xdev->dpy, "PAGE", False);
	xdev->DONE = XInternAtom(xdev->dpy, "DONE", False);
    }

    xdev->ht.no_pixmap = XCreatePixmap(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, 1, 1,
				       xdev->vinfo->depth);

    return 0;
}

/* Allocate the backing pixmap, if any, and clear the window. */
void
gdev_x_clear_window(gx_device_X *xdev)
{
    if (!xdev->ghostview) {
	if (xdev->useBackingPixmap) {
	    oldhandler = XSetErrorHandler(x_catch_alloc);
	    alloc_error = False;
	    xdev->bpixmap =
		XCreatePixmap(xdev->dpy, xdev->win,
			      xdev->width, xdev->height,
			      xdev->vinfo->depth);
	    XSync(xdev->dpy, False);	/* Force the error */
	    if (alloc_error) {
		xdev->useBackingPixmap = False;
		eprintf("Warning: Failed to allocated backing pixmap.\n");
		if (xdev->bpixmap) {
		    XFreePixmap(xdev->dpy, xdev->bpixmap);
		    xdev->bpixmap = None;
		    XSync(xdev->dpy, False);	/* Force the error */
		}
	    }
	    oldhandler = XSetErrorHandler(oldhandler);
	} else
	    xdev->bpixmap = (Pixmap) 0;
    }
    /* Clear the destination pixmap to avoid initializing with garbage. */
    if (xdev->dest != (Pixmap) 0) {
	XSetForeground(xdev->dpy, xdev->gc, xdev->background);
	XFillRectangle(xdev->dpy, xdev->dest, xdev->gc,
		       0, 0, xdev->width, xdev->height);
    } else {
	xdev->dest = (xdev->bpixmap != (Pixmap) 0 ?
		      xdev->bpixmap : (Pixmap) xdev->win);
    }

    /* Clear the background pixmap to avoid initializing with garbage. */
    if (xdev->bpixmap != (Pixmap) 0) {
	if (!xdev->ghostview)
	    XSetWindowBackgroundPixmap(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, xdev->bpixmap);
	XSetForeground(xdev->dpy, xdev->gc, xdev->background);
	XFillRectangle(xdev->dpy, xdev->bpixmap, xdev->gc,
		       0, 0, xdev->width, xdev->height);
    }
    /* Initialize foreground and background colors */
    xdev->back_color = xdev->background;
    XSetBackground(xdev->dpy, xdev->gc, xdev->background);
    xdev->fore_color = xdev->background;
    XSetForeground(xdev->dpy, xdev->gc, xdev->background);
    xdev->colors_or = xdev->colors_and = xdev->background;
}

/* ------ Initialize color mapping ------ */

#if HaveStdCMap
/* Get the Standard colormap if available. */
private XStandardColormap *
x_get_std_cmap(gx_device_X *xdev, Atom prop)
{
    int i;
    XStandardColormap *scmap, *sp;
    int nitems;

    if (XGetRGBColormaps(xdev->dpy, RootWindowOfScreen(xdev->scr),
			 &scmap, &nitems, prop))
	for (i = 0, sp = scmap; i < nitems; i++, sp++)
	    if (xdev->cmap == sp->colormap)
		return sp;

    return NULL;
}
#endif

/* Allocate the dynamic color table, if needed and possible. */
private void
alloc_dynamic_colors(gx_device_X *xdev, int reserved_colors)
{
	/* Allocate space for dynamic colors hash table */
	xdev->dynamic_colors =
	      (x11color*(*)[]) gs_malloc(sizeof(x11color *), xdev->num_rgb,
					 "x11_dynamic_colors");

	if (xdev->dynamic_colors) {
	    int i;
	    xdev->dynamic_size = xdev->num_rgb;
	    for (i = 0; i < xdev->num_rgb; i++) {
		(*xdev->dynamic_colors)[i] = NULL;
	    }
	    xdev->max_dynamic_colors = min(256, xdev->vinfo->colormap_size -
					        reserved_colors);
	}
}

/* Free a partially filled color ramp. */
private void
free_ramp(gx_device_X *xdev, int num_used, int size)
{	if ( num_used - 1 > 0 )
	  {	XFreeColors(xdev->dpy, xdev->cmap,
			    xdev->dither_colors + 1,
			    num_used - 1, 0);
	  }
	gs_free((char *)xdev->dither_colors, sizeof(x_pixel), size,
		"x11_setup_colors");
	xdev->dither_colors = NULL;
}

/* Allocate and fill in a color cube or ramp. */
/* Return true if the operation succeeded. */
private bool
setup_cube(gx_device_X *xdev, int ramp_size, bool colors)
{	int step, num_entries;
	int max_rgb = ramp_size - 1;
	int index;

	if ( colors )
	  {	num_entries = ramp_size * ramp_size * ramp_size;
		step = 1;	/* all colors */
	  }
	else
	  {	num_entries = ramp_size;
		step = (ramp_size + 1) * ramp_size + 1;	/* gray only */
	  }

	xdev->dither_colors =
	  (x_pixel *)gs_malloc(sizeof(x_pixel), num_entries,
			       "gdevx setup_cube");
	if ( xdev->dither_colors == NULL )
	  return false;

	xdev->dither_colors[0] = xdev->foreground;
	xdev->dither_colors[num_entries - 1] = xdev->background;
	for ( index = 1; index < num_entries - 1; index++ )
	  {	int rgb_index = index * step;
		int r = rgb_index / (ramp_size * ramp_size);
		int g = (rgb_index / ramp_size) % ramp_size;
		int b = rgb_index % ramp_size;
		XColor xc;

		xc.red = (X_max_color_value * r / max_rgb) & xdev->color_mask;
		xc.green = (X_max_color_value * g / max_rgb) & xdev->color_mask;
		xc.blue = (X_max_color_value * b / max_rgb) & xdev->color_mask;
		if ( XAllocColor(xdev->dpy, xdev->cmap, &xc) )
		  {	xdev->dither_colors[index] = xc.pixel;
		  }
		else
		  {	free_ramp(xdev, index, num_entries);
			return false;
		  }
	  }

	return true;
}

/* Setup color mapping. */
private void
gdev_x_setup_colors(gx_device_X *xdev)
{
    char palette;

    palette = ((xdev->vinfo->class != StaticGray) &&
	       (xdev->vinfo->class != GrayScale) ? 'C' :  /* Color */
	       (xdev->vinfo->colormap_size > 2) ?  'G' :  /* GrayScale */
						   'M');  /* MonoChrome */
    if (xdev->ghostview) {
	Atom gv_colors = XInternAtom(xdev->dpy, "GHOSTVIEW_COLORS", False);
	Atom type;
	int format;
	unsigned long nitems, bytes_after;
	char *buf;

	/* Delete property if explicit dest is given */
	if (XGetWindowProperty(xdev->dpy, xdev->win, gv_colors, 0,
			       256, (xdev->dest != 0), XA_STRING,
			       &type, &format, &nitems, &bytes_after,
			       (unsigned char **)&buf) == 0 &&
	    type == XA_STRING) {
	    nitems = sscanf(buf, "%*s %ld %ld", &(xdev->foreground),
			    		        &(xdev->background));
	    if (nitems != 2 || (*buf != 'M' && *buf != 'G' && *buf != 'C')) {
		eprintf("gs: Malformed ghostview color property.\n");
		exit(1);
	    }
	    palette = max(palette, *buf);
	}
    } else {
	if	(xdev->palette[0] == 'c') xdev->palette[0] = 'C';
	else if (xdev->palette[0] == 'g') xdev->palette[0] = 'G';
	else if (xdev->palette[0] == 'm') xdev->palette[0] = 'M';
	palette = max(palette, xdev->palette[0]);
    }

    /* set up color mappings here */
    xdev->color_mask = X_max_color_value -
		       (X_max_color_value >> xdev->vinfo->bits_per_rgb);
    xdev->num_rgb = 1 << xdev->vinfo->bits_per_rgb;

#if HaveStdCMap
    xdev->std_cmap = NULL;
#endif
    xdev->dither_colors = NULL;
    xdev->dynamic_colors = NULL;
    xdev->dynamic_size = 0;
    xdev->dynamic_allocs = 0;
    xdev->color_info.depth = xdev->vinfo->depth;

    if (palette == 'C') {
	xdev->color_info.num_components = 3;
	xdev->color_info.max_gray =
	    xdev->color_info.max_color = xdev->num_rgb - 1;
#if HaveStdCMap
	/* Get a standard color map if available */
	if (xdev->vinfo->visual == DefaultVisualOfScreen(xdev->scr)) {
	    xdev->std_cmap = x_get_std_cmap(xdev, XA_RGB_DEFAULT_MAP);
	} else {
	    xdev->std_cmap = x_get_std_cmap(xdev, XA_RGB_BEST_MAP);
	}
	if (xdev->std_cmap) {
	    xdev->color_info.dither_grays =
		xdev->color_info.dither_colors =
		min(xdev->std_cmap->red_max,
		    min(xdev->std_cmap->green_max,
			xdev->std_cmap->blue_max)) + 1;
	} else
#endif
	/* Otherwise set up a rgb cube of our own */
	/* The color cube is limited to about 1/2 of the available */
	/* colormap, the user specified maxRGBRamp (usually 5), */
	/* or the number of representable colors */
#define cube(r) (r*r*r)
#define cbrt(r) pow(r, 1.0/3.0)
	{
	    int ramp_size =
			min((int)cbrt((double)xdev->vinfo->colormap_size / 2.0),
			    min(xdev->maxRGBRamp, xdev->num_rgb));

	    while (!xdev->dither_colors && ramp_size >= 2) {
		xdev->color_info.dither_grays =
		    xdev->color_info.dither_colors = ramp_size;
		if ( !setup_cube(xdev, ramp_size, true) ) {
		    /* eprintf3("Warning: failed to allocate %dx%dx%d RGB cube.\n",
			     ramp_size, ramp_size, ramp_size); */
		    ramp_size--;
		    continue;
		}
	    }

	    if (!xdev->dither_colors) {
		goto grayscale;
	    }
	}

	/* Allocate the dynamic color table. */
	alloc_dynamic_colors(xdev, cube(xdev->color_info.dither_colors));

#undef cube
#undef cbrt
    } else if (palette == 'G') {
grayscale:
	xdev->color_info.num_components = 1;
	xdev->color_info.max_gray = xdev->num_rgb - 1;
#if HaveStdCMap
	/* Get a standard color map if available */
        xdev->std_cmap = x_get_std_cmap(xdev, XA_RGB_GRAY_MAP);
	if (xdev->std_cmap != 0) {
	    xdev->color_info.dither_grays = xdev->std_cmap->red_max +
		xdev->std_cmap->green_max +
		xdev->std_cmap->blue_max + 1;
	} else
#endif
	/* Otherwise set up a gray ramp of our own */
	/* The gray ramp is limited to about 1/2 of the available */
	/* colormap, the user specified maxGrayRamp (usually 128), */
	/* or the number of representable grays */
	{
	    int ramp_size = min(xdev->vinfo->colormap_size / 2,
				min(xdev->maxGrayRamp, xdev->num_rgb));

	    while (!xdev->dither_colors && ramp_size >= 3) {
		xdev->color_info.dither_grays = ramp_size;
		if ( !setup_cube(xdev, ramp_size, false) )
		{   /* eprintf1("Warning: failed to allocate %d level gray ramp.\n",
			     ramp_size); */
		    ramp_size /= 2;
		    continue;
		}
	    }
	    if (!xdev->dither_colors) {
		goto monochrome;
	    }
	}

	/* Allocate the dynamic color table. */
	alloc_dynamic_colors(xdev, xdev->color_info.dither_grays);

    } else if (palette == 'M') {
monochrome:
	xdev->color_info.num_components = 1;
	xdev->color_info.max_gray = 1;
	xdev->color_info.dither_grays = 2;
    } else {
	eprintf1("gs: Unknown palette: %s\n", xdev->palette);
	exit(1);
    }
}

/* ------ Initialize font mapping ------ */

/* Extract the PostScript font name from the font map resource. */
private const char *
get_ps_name(const char **cpp, int *len)
{
    const char *ret;
    *len = 0;
    /* skip over whitespace and newlines */
    while (**cpp == ' ' || **cpp == '\t' || **cpp == '\n') {
	(*cpp)++;
    }
    /* return font name up to ":", whitespace, or end of string */
    if (**cpp == ':' || **cpp == '\0') {
	return NULL;
    }
    ret = *cpp;
    while (**cpp != ':' &&
	   **cpp != ' ' && **cpp != '\t' && **cpp != '\n' &&
	   **cpp != '\0') {
	(*cpp)++;
	(*len)++;
    }
    return ret;
}

/* Extract the X11 font name from the font map resource. */
private const char *
get_x11_name(const char **cpp, int *len)
{
    const char *ret;
    int dashes = 0;
    *len = 0;
    /* skip over whitespace and the colon */
    while (**cpp == ' ' || **cpp == '\t' ||
	   **cpp == ':') {
	(*cpp)++;
    }
    /* return font name up to end of line or string */
    if (**cpp == '\0' || **cpp == '\n') {
	return NULL;
    }
    ret = *cpp;
    while (dashes != 7 &&
	   **cpp != '\0' && **cpp != '\n') {
	if (**cpp == '-') dashes++;
	(*cpp)++;
	(*len)++;
    }
    while (**cpp != '\0' && **cpp != '\n') {
	(*cpp)++;
    }
    if (dashes != 7) return NULL;
    return ret;
}

/* Scan one resource and build font map records. */
private void
scan_font_resource(const char *resource, x11fontmap **pmaps)
{
    const char *ps_name;
    const char *x11_name;
    int ps_name_len;
    int x11_name_len;
    x11fontmap *font;
    const char *cp = resource;

    while ((ps_name = get_ps_name(&cp, &ps_name_len)) != 0) {
	x11_name = get_x11_name(&cp, &x11_name_len);
	if (x11_name) {
	    font = (x11fontmap *)gs_malloc(sizeof(x11fontmap), 1,
					   "x11_setup_fontmap");
	    if (font == NULL) continue;
	    font->ps_name = (char *)gs_malloc(sizeof(char), ps_name_len+1,
					      "x11_setup_fontmap");
	    if (font->ps_name == NULL) {
		gs_free((char *)font, sizeof(x11fontmap), 1, "x11_fontmap");
		continue;
	    }
	    strncpy(font->ps_name, ps_name, ps_name_len);
	    font->ps_name[ps_name_len] = '\0';
	    font->x11_name = (char *)gs_malloc(sizeof(char), x11_name_len,
					       "x11_setup_fontmap");
	    if (font->x11_name == NULL) {
		gs_free(font->ps_name, sizeof(char), strlen(font->ps_name)+1,
			"x11_font_psname");
		gs_free((char *)font, sizeof(x11fontmap), 1, "x11_fontmap");
		continue;
	    }
	    strncpy(font->x11_name, x11_name, x11_name_len-1);
	    font->x11_name[x11_name_len-1] = '\0';
	    font->std_names = NULL;
	    font->iso_names = NULL;
	    font->std_count = -1;
	    font->iso_count = -1;
	    font->next = *pmaps;
	    *pmaps = font;
	}
    }
}

/* Scan all the font resources and set up the maps. */
private void
gdev_x_setup_fontmap(gx_device_X *xdev)
{
    if (!xdev->useXFonts) return;	/* If no external fonts, don't bother */

    scan_font_resource(xdev->regularFonts, &xdev->regular_fonts);
    scan_font_resource(xdev->symbolFonts, &xdev->symbol_fonts);
    scan_font_resource(xdev->dingbatFonts, &xdev->dingbat_fonts);
}