/* linalg/luc.c
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2001, 2007, 2009 Brian Gough
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
 * your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 */

#include <config.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_math.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_vector.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_matrix.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_complex.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_complex_math.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_permute_vector.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_blas.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_complex_math.h>

#include <gsl/gsl_linalg.h>

static int singular (const gsl_matrix_complex * LU);

/* Factorise a general N x N complex matrix A into,
 *
 *   P A = L U
 *
 * where P is a permutation matrix, L is unit lower triangular and U
 * is upper triangular.
 *
 * L is stored in the strict lower triangular part of the input
 * matrix. The diagonal elements of L are unity and are not stored.
 *
 * U is stored in the diagonal and upper triangular part of the
 * input matrix.  
 * 
 * P is stored in the permutation p. Column j of P is column k of the
 * identity matrix, where k = permutation->data[j]
 *
 * signum gives the sign of the permutation, (-1)^n, where n is the
 * number of interchanges in the permutation. 
 *
 * See Golub & Van Loan, Matrix Computations, Algorithm 3.4.1 (Gauss
 * Elimination with Partial Pivoting).
 */

int
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_decomp (gsl_matrix_complex * A, gsl_permutation * p, int *signum)
{
  if (A->size1 != A->size2)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("LU decomposition requires square matrix", GSL_ENOTSQR);
    }
  else if (p->size != A->size1)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("permutation length must match matrix size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else
    {
      const size_t N = A->size1;
      size_t i, j, k;

      *signum = 1;
      gsl_permutation_init (p);

      for (j = 0; j < N - 1; j++)
        {
          /* Find maximum in the j-th column */

          gsl_complex ajj = gsl_matrix_complex_get (A, j, j);
          double max = gsl_complex_abs (ajj);
          size_t i_pivot = j;

          for (i = j + 1; i < N; i++)
            {
              gsl_complex aij = gsl_matrix_complex_get (A, i, j);
              double ai = gsl_complex_abs (aij);

              if (ai > max)
                {
                  max = ai;
                  i_pivot = i;
                }
            }

          if (i_pivot != j)
            {
              gsl_matrix_complex_swap_rows (A, j, i_pivot);
              gsl_permutation_swap (p, j, i_pivot);
              *signum = -(*signum);
            }

          ajj = gsl_matrix_complex_get (A, j, j);

          if (!(GSL_REAL(ajj) == 0.0 && GSL_IMAG(ajj) == 0.0))
            {
              for (i = j + 1; i < N; i++)
                {
                  gsl_complex aij_orig = gsl_matrix_complex_get (A, i, j);
                  gsl_complex aij = gsl_complex_div (aij_orig, ajj);
                  gsl_matrix_complex_set (A, i, j, aij);

                  for (k = j + 1; k < N; k++)
                    {
                      gsl_complex aik = gsl_matrix_complex_get (A, i, k);
                      gsl_complex ajk = gsl_matrix_complex_get (A, j, k);
                      
                      /* aik = aik - aij * ajk */

                      gsl_complex aijajk = gsl_complex_mul (aij, ajk);
                      gsl_complex aik_new = gsl_complex_sub (aik, aijajk);

                      gsl_matrix_complex_set (A, i, k, aik_new);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      
      return GSL_SUCCESS;
    }
}

int
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_solve (const gsl_matrix_complex * LU, const gsl_permutation * p, const gsl_vector_complex * b, gsl_vector_complex * x)
{
  if (LU->size1 != LU->size2)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("LU matrix must be square", GSL_ENOTSQR);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != p->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("permutation length must match matrix size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != b->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix size must match b size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (LU->size2 != x->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix size must match solution size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (singular (LU)) 
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix is singular", GSL_EDOM);
    }
  else
    {
      int status;

      /* Copy x <- b */

      gsl_vector_complex_memcpy (x, b);

      /* Solve for x */

      status = gsl_linalg_complex_LU_svx (LU, p, x);

      return status;
    }
}


int
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_svx (const gsl_matrix_complex * LU, const gsl_permutation * p, gsl_vector_complex * x)
{
  if (LU->size1 != LU->size2)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("LU matrix must be square", GSL_ENOTSQR);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != p->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("permutation length must match matrix size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != x->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix size must match solution/rhs size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (singular (LU)) 
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix is singular", GSL_EDOM);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Apply permutation to RHS */

      gsl_permute_vector_complex (p, x);

      /* Solve for c using forward-substitution, L c = P b */

      gsl_blas_ztrsv (CblasLower, CblasNoTrans, CblasUnit, LU, x);

      /* Perform back-substitution, U x = c */

      gsl_blas_ztrsv (CblasUpper, CblasNoTrans, CblasNonUnit, LU, x);

      return GSL_SUCCESS;
    }
}


int
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_refine (const gsl_matrix_complex * A, const gsl_matrix_complex * LU, const gsl_permutation * p, const gsl_vector_complex * b, gsl_vector_complex * x, gsl_vector_complex * work)
{
  if (A->size1 != A->size2)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix a must be square", GSL_ENOTSQR);
    }
  if (LU->size1 != LU->size2)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("LU matrix must be square", GSL_ENOTSQR);
    }
  else if (A->size1 != LU->size2)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("LU matrix must be decomposition of a", GSL_ENOTSQR);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != p->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("permutation length must match matrix size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != b->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix size must match b size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != x->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix size must match solution size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (LU->size1 != work->size)
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix size must match workspace size", GSL_EBADLEN);
    }
  else if (singular (LU)) 
    {
      GSL_ERROR ("matrix is singular", GSL_EDOM);
    }
  else
    {
      int status;

      /* Compute residual = (A * x  - b) */

      gsl_vector_complex_memcpy (work, b);

      {
        gsl_complex one = GSL_COMPLEX_ONE;
        gsl_complex negone = GSL_COMPLEX_NEGONE;
        gsl_blas_zgemv (CblasNoTrans, one, A, x, negone, work);
      }

      /* Find correction, delta = - (A^-1) * residual, and apply it */

      status = gsl_linalg_complex_LU_svx (LU, p, work);

      {
        gsl_complex negone= GSL_COMPLEX_NEGONE;
        gsl_blas_zaxpy (negone, work, x);
      }

      return status;
    }
}

int
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_invert (const gsl_matrix_complex * LU, const gsl_permutation * p, gsl_matrix_complex * inverse)
{
  size_t i, n = LU->size1;

  int status = GSL_SUCCESS;

  gsl_matrix_complex_set_identity (inverse);

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      gsl_vector_complex_view c = gsl_matrix_complex_column (inverse, i);
      int status_i = gsl_linalg_complex_LU_svx (LU, p, &(c.vector));

      if (status_i)
        status = status_i;
    }

  return status;
}

gsl_complex
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_det (gsl_matrix_complex * LU, int signum)
{
  size_t i, n = LU->size1;

  gsl_complex det = gsl_complex_rect((double) signum, 0.0);

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      gsl_complex zi = gsl_matrix_complex_get (LU, i, i);
      det = gsl_complex_mul (det, zi);
    }

  return det;
}


double
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_lndet (gsl_matrix_complex * LU)
{
  size_t i, n = LU->size1;

  double lndet = 0.0;

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      gsl_complex z = gsl_matrix_complex_get (LU, i, i);
      lndet += log (gsl_complex_abs (z));
    }

  return lndet;
}


gsl_complex
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_sgndet (gsl_matrix_complex * LU, int signum)
{
  size_t i, n = LU->size1;

  gsl_complex phase = gsl_complex_rect((double) signum, 0.0);

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      gsl_complex z = gsl_matrix_complex_get (LU, i, i);
      
      double r = gsl_complex_abs(z);

      if (r == 0)
        {
          phase = gsl_complex_rect(0.0, 0.0);
          break;
        }
      else
        {
          z = gsl_complex_div_real(z, r);
          phase = gsl_complex_mul(phase, z);
        }
    }

  return phase;
}

static int
singular (const gsl_matrix_complex * LU)
{
  size_t i, n = LU->size1;

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      gsl_complex u = gsl_matrix_complex_get (LU, i, i);
      if (GSL_REAL(u) == 0 && GSL_IMAG(u) == 0) return 1;
    }
 
 return 0;
}