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<h2><span class="refentrytitle">Compiling GTK+ Applications</span></h2>
<p>Compiling GTK+ Applications —
How to compile your GTK+ application
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a name="id-1.2.4.3"></a><h2>Compiling GTK+ Applications on UNIX</h2>
<p>
To compile a GTK+ application, you need to tell the compiler where to
find the GTK+ header files and libraries. This is done with the
<code class="literal">pkg-config</code> utility.
</p>
<p>
The following interactive shell session demonstrates how
<code class="literal">pkg-config</code> is used (the actual output on
your system may be different):
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0
-I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/X11R6/include -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0
$ pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0
-L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lXi -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lm -lpangox -lpangoxft -lXft -lXrender -lXext -lX11 -lfreetype -lpango -latk -lgobject-2.0 -lgmodule-2.0 -ldl -lglib-2.0
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The simplest way to compile a program is to use the "backticks"
feature of the shell. If you enclose a command in backticks
(<span class="emphasis"><em>not single quotes</em></span>), then its output will be
substituted into the command line before execution. So to compile
a GTK+ Hello, World, you would type the following:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
$ cc `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` hello.c -o hello
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
If you want to make sure that your program doesn't use any deprecated
functions, you can define the preprocessor symbol GTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
by using the command line option <code class="literal">-DGTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED=1</code>.
There are similar symbols GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED,
GDK_PIXBUF_DISABLE_DEPRECATED and G_DISABLE_DEPRECATED for GDK, GdkPixbuf and
GLib.
</p>
<p>
If you want to make sure that your program doesn't use any functions which
may be problematic in a multihead setting, you can define the preprocessor
symbol GDK_MULTIHEAD_SAFE by using the command line option
<code class="literal">-DGTK_MULTIHEAD_SAFE=1</code>.
</p>
<p>
The recommended way of using GTK+ has always been to only include the
toplevel headers <code class="filename">gtk.h</code>, <code class="filename">gdk.h</code>,
<code class="filename">gdk-pixbuf.h</code>.
If you want to make sure that your program follows this recommended
practise, you can define the preprocessor symbols GTK_DISABLE_SINGLE_INCLUDES
and GDK_PIXBUF_DISABLE_SINGLE_INCLUDES to make GTK+ generate an error
when individual headers are directly included.
There are some exceptions: <code class="filename">gdkkeysyms.h</code> is not included in
<code class="filename">gdk.h</code> because the file is quite large; see
Key Values documentation.
<code class="filename">gdkx.h</code> must be included independently because It's
platform-specific; see
X Window System Interaction
documentation.
The same for <code class="filename">gtkunixprint.h</code> if you use the non-portable
<a class="link" href="GtkPrintUnixDialog.html" title="GtkPrintUnixDialog">GtkPrintUnixDialog</a> API.
</p>
<p>
The next major version, GTK+ 3, will remove many implementation details and
struct members from its public headers. To ensure that your application will
not have problems with this, you can define the preprocessor symbol
GSEAL_ENABLE. This will make the compiler catch all uses of direct access to
struct fields so that you can go through them one by one and replace them with
a call to an accessor function instead.
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