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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<title>GXemul: EVBmips (Malta) emulation</title>
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<h1>GXemul: EVBmips (Malta) emulation</h1>
<p>
<a href="./">Back to the index.</a>
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<p>
The EVBmips mode emulates a Malta evaluation board with a 5Kc (MIPS64)
CPU, or optionally, a 4Kc (MIPS32) processor by adding <tt>-C 4Kc</tt>
to the command line.
<p>
<a href=#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a> is the only guest OS
that can be considered working, but there are instructions on this page
for experimenting with <a href="#linux_malta">Linux/malta</a>
and <a href="#helenosmalta">HelenOS/malta</a> too.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
<p>
<a href="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
<p>One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
<p>
The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbmips onto a disk
image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=4000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the Malta kernel and the ISO image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbmips-mipsel/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/iso/NetBSD-8.0-evbmips-mipsel.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/iso/NetBSD-8.0-evbmips-mipsel.iso</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -e 3max -d nbsd_malta.img -d NetBSD-8.0-evbmips-mipsel.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [vt100]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-C</b> and execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>newfs /dev/sd0c
mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
cd /mnt2; sh
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>NOTE 1: There may be long delays during bootup, such as when NetBSD
detects the clock. On my machine, I had to wait almost 3 minutes.
<p>NOTE 2: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
(MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line.
There are at least two things that differ:<ol>
<li>The dynamic translation core runs faster when emulating 32-bit
processors, so <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> might make things go faster.
<li>4Kc only has 16 TLB entries, whereas 5Kc has 48. This makes 4Kc
emulation slower in general, because there are more TLB misses.
</ol>
<p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
<i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
generic kernel:<pre>
root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
file system (default generic): <i>(just press enter)</i>
init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter)</i>
</pre>
<p>There may be long delays also at this stage, before reaching the login
prompt. If it sleeps for too long after printing "Updating motd.", try
typing CTRL-C in the terminal window.
<p>The clock is wrong (showing the year 2119 instead of 2019),
and it goes too fast inside the emulator. If it hangs during
boot-up, before the login prompt has appeared, type CTRL-C in the xterm
window.
<p>NOTE 3: There <i>is</i> actually a kernel for Malta with the installer
ramdisk (<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbmips-mipsel/installation/netbsd-INSTALL_MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbmips-mipsel/installation/netbsd-INSTALL_MALTA.gz</a>), but there is a bug which causes
the second IDE channel to not be detected, so it is currently not possible to boot
with both the <tt>nbsd_malta.img</tt> disk image and the CD-ROM image at
the same time.
<p><br>
<a name="linux_malta"></a>
<h3>Linux/Malta (variant 1):</h3>
<p>The Malta emulation mode is best suited for running <a
href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, however, it is possible
to experiment with Linux/Malta as well.
<p>The general idea behind Linux/Malta seems to be that the end user
always compiles his/her own kernel, applies patches, downloads
userland separately, etc. For that reason, Linux/Malta support in the
emulator is not tested for every release (sometimes it works, sometimes it
doesn't work), and these instructions are kind of "fuzzy".
<p><ol start="1">
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that Linux/Malta will be installed onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=linux.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=5000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download a MIPS root filesystem tree:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/root/mipsel-root-20011216.tgz</a>
19486676 bytes, md5 = 5bcb725c90209479cd7ead8ad0c4a414
</pre>
This is an old Redhat tree from 2001, but it seems to almost work.
<p>
<li>Download one precompiled Malta kernel, with ramdisk,
and one without ramdisk (which will be used later on
when booting from disk):<pre>
TODO
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator with the ramdisk kernel, create a MS-DOS style
MBR on the disk, create the filesystem, and extract the
userland files:<pre>
<b>gunzip vmlinux_2.*
gunzip mipsel-root-20011216.tar
gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -d mipsel-root-20011216.tar vmlinux_2.4.33.2-ide-pci-ramdisk.elf</b>
Inside GXemul: Log in as root and execute the following commands:
<b>fdisk /dev/hda</b>
(enter suitable commands, e.g. <b>n, p, 1, 1, 9921, w</b>)
<b>mkfs /dev/hda1
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt
cd /mnt; tar -xf /dev/hdb; cd ..
umount /mnt; sync; reboot</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>It should now be possible to boot from the disk image, using the
following command:
<p><pre>
<b> gxemul -xemalta -d linux.img -o "root=/dev/hda1 rw" vmlinux_2.6.18-rc4-ide-pci-novty.elf</b>
</pre>
<p>There's a slight problem with this specific Redhat tree, so when you
see the message "Configuring kernel parameters: [ OK ]", press CTRL-C
once.
<p><br>
<a name="linux_malta2"></a>
<h3>Linux/Malta (variant 2):</h3>
<p>The Malta emulation mode is best suited for running <a
href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips</a>, however, it is possible
to experiment with Linux/Malta as well.
<p>It is also possible to experiment with much newer Linux userland, compared
to the Linux/Malta variant 1 above, by using a kernel and disk image from
<a href="http://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/mipsel/">http://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/mipsel/</a>.
<font color="#ff0000">THIS DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
<p><ol start="1">
<li>Download the Malta kernel and disk image:<pre>
wget <a href="http://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/mipsel/vmlinux-2.6.26-1-4kc-malta">http://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/mipsel/vmlinux-2.6.26-1-4kc-malta</a>
wget <a href="http://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/mipsel/debian_lenny_mipsel_small.qcow.gz">http://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/mipsel/debian_lenny_mipsel_small.qcow.gz</a> (142 MB)
</pre>
<li>The disk image is both compressed and in QEMU format, so we need to extract it:<pre>
gunzip debian_lenny_mipsel_small.qcow.gz
qemu-img convert -f qcow -O raw debian_lenny_mipsel_small.qcow debian_lenny_mipsel_small.raw
</pre>
(<tt>qemu-img</tt> actually requires that you have QEMU installed.)
</ol>
<p>It should now be possible to boot from the disk image, using the
following command:
<p><pre>
<b> gxemul -e malta -d debian_lenny_mipsel_small.raw -o "root=/dev/hda1 console=ttyS0" vmlinux-2.6.26-1-4kc-malta</b>
</pre>
<p>NOTE: <font color="#ff0000">IT DOES <b>NOT</b> WORK YET!</font>
<p><br>
<a name="helenosmalta"></a>
<h3>HelenOS/malta:</h3>
<p>Modern versions of HelenOS can run in GXemul,
using the Malta emulation mode, but without a graphical framebuffer.
<p>
<font color="red">The PCI devices in GXemul do not seem to be correctly emulated yet.</font>
<p>To run HelenOS for Malta in GXemul:
<ol>
<li>Download the HelenOS kernel:<pre>
<a href="http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.9.1-mips32-malta-be.boot">http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.9.1-mips32-malta-be.boot</a>
or
<a href="http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.9.1-mips32-malta-le.boot">http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.9.1-mips32-malta-le.boot</a>
</pre>
<li>Start GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e maltabe HelenOS-0.9.1-mips32-malta-be.boot</b>
or
<b>gxemul -e malta HelenOS-0.9.1-mips32-malta-le.boot</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p><br>
</body>
</html>
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