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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<title>GXemul: Luna 88K emulation</title>
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<h1>GXemul: Luna 88K emulation</h1>
<p>
<a href="./">Back to the index.</a>
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<p>This emulation mode attempts to emulate an OMRON Luna-88K workstation. Note that these
were based on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_88000">Motorola
88000</a> processors, not 68000.
<p>Originally, they ran OMRON's UniOS. But also of historical interest:
<ul>
<li>Carnegie-Mellon University's MACH was partially
<a href="https://www.cbronline.com/news/omron_together_with_motorola_donate_40_workstations_to_carnegie_mellon_university/">developed
on these machines</a>. Some <a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jmcm/omron/luna88k.html">source code still exists (luna88k.MK84.tar.Z)</a>
but I have not found any ready-to-run binary distribution
of MACH/luna88k.
<p>
<li><a href="http://cap-lore.com/CapTheory/upenn/">KeyKOS</a> ran on
<a href="http://www.cap-lore.com/CapTheory/KK/88K.html">88K</a>,
and in particular
<a href="http://cap-lore.com/CapTheory/upenn/NanoKernel/NanoKernel.html#RTFToC21">KeyNIX</a> (a UNIX-layer on top of KeyKOS,
supposedly capable of running X11).
</ul>
<p>In modern times, the only still maintained and freely available operating
system for these machines is <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/luna88k.html">OpenBSD/luna88k</a>.
<p>GXemul emulates the following devices:
<ul>
<li>88100 CPU (Only a single CPU works well, up to 4 can be experimented with.)
<li>Interrupt controller and parts of the system board
<li>Serial console
<li>Keyboard and mouse
<li>Graphical monochrome framebuffer, 1280 x 1024
<li>Lance Ethernet
<li>SCSI
</ul>
<p>well enough to run OpenBSD. It is highly likely that running
other operating systems (or the original OMRON firmware) will trigger
bugs of various kinds in the device implementations.
<p><b>NOT</b> emulated yet:
<ul>
<li>Front panel LCD display
<li>Parallel port
<li><i>Color</i> framebuffers
</ul>
<!-- TODO: 64 MB luna88k, 112 MB luna88k2, max 256 MB in emulator -->
<p><a href="openbsd-luna88k-20210130.png"><img src="openbsd-luna88k-20210130-small.png"></a>
<a href="openbsd-luna88k-20210209.png"><img src="openbsd-luna88k-20210209-small.png"></a>
<a href="openbsd-luna88k-20210220.png"><img src="openbsd-luna88k-20210220-small.png"></a>
<a href="20210328-openbsd-luna88k-inside-openbsd-luna88k.png"><img src="20210328-openbsd-luna88k-inside-openbsd-luna88k-small.png"></a>
<p><small>The last of the screenshots above shows the OpenBSD/luna88k kernel booting
inside GXemul, compiled inside emulated OpenBSD/luna88k running in GXemul on
a FreeBSD/amd64 host.</small>
<p>There are a couple of ways to run and/or install OpenBSD in the emulator.
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#openbsdluna88klive">From a "live" harddisk image</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdluna88k">Via network installation</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdluna88knfs">With root-on-nfs</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdluna88kmp">Experimenting with the MultiProcessor kernel</a>
</ul>
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdluna88klive"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k from a "live" harddisk image:</h3>
<p>Kenji Aoyama has made available full harddisk images from a real
OpenBSD installation. Download the latest such harddisk image and
<tt>boot</tt> program from
<a href="http://www.nk-home.net/~aoyama/liveimage/">http://www.nk-home.net/~aoyama/liveimage/</a>,
and start the emulator like this:
<p>
<pre>
<b>gxemul -e luna-88k -d liveimage-luna88k-raw-20201206.img boot</b>
</pre>
<p>To run with a graphical framebuffer, add <tt>-X</tt> to the command line.
<p>To shut down the machine gracefully, run <tt>reboot</tt> as root.
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdluna88k"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k network installation:</h3>
<p>To install OpenBSD, you first need to create an empty harddisk image
onto which the operating system will be installed:
<p><pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_luna88k.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=5500000</b>
</pre>
<p>Then download the ramdisk kernel, a regular kernel, and the boot program:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.nluug.nl/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.rd">https://ftp.nluug.nl/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.rd</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.nluug.nl/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd">https://ftp.nluug.nl/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.nluug.nl/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/boot">https://ftp.nluug.nl/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/boot</a>
</ul>
<p>Start the emulator like this, and install as if you were doing a network
(http) install on a real machine:
<pre>
<b>gxemul -e luna-88k -d obsd_luna88k.img bsd.rd</b>
</pre>
<p>For networking configuration, enter IPv4 address 10.0.0.1, netmask 255.0.0.0,
and skip IPv6 configuration. Default route and DNS nameserver should both be 10.0.0.254.
<p><b>NOTE:</b> Doing a network install is currently really really slow.
It is so slow that it will probably say "stalled" in the download progress
reporting, but just leave it on and eventually it will have downloaded
everything.
<p>Finally, once the installation finishes, reboot the emulated machine and
start again using either the boot loader, or using the regular kernel:
<pre>
<b>gxemul -e luna-88k -d obsd_luna88k.img boot</b>
or
<b>gxemul -e luna-88k -d obsd_luna88k.img bsd</b>
</pre>
<p>Using the boot loader mimics how a real machine would start up OpenBSD
on the luna88k. Using the regular kernel has the advantage that it includes
symbols, which are useful when debugging the kernel.
<p>To run with a graphical framebuffer, add <tt>-X</tt> to the command line.
<p>To shut down the machine gracefully, run <tt>reboot</tt> as root.
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdluna88knfs"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k with root-on-nfs:</h3>
<p>Back when GXemul did not emulate the SCSI controller in the LUNA88K machine,
the only way to run OpenBSD/luna88k was using root-on-nfs. These instructions
can still be used, if you want to do it that way.
<p>
Another emulated machine must then be used as the nfs root server, and the
emulated LUNA88K machine must boot as a <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/diskless">diskless</a>
client. To make matters even more complicated, the OpenBSD/luna88k 6.8 RAMDISK
kernel has support for Ethernet, but it does not seem to have a driver for
nfs included or at least it doesn't work in the emulator. Therefore, a <i>separate</i>
OpenBSD ramdisk kernel, e.g. for OpenBSD/sgi, needs to be used to run the final
step of the root-on-nfs installation.
<p>Let's get started.
<p>
<ol>
<li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
<a href="machine_decstation.html#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 8.0 from CDROM</a>,
perform a default install (without X11) from CDROM without configuring the
network, but add a 4000 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition when
configuring the disk!
<p>
<li>On the host, download the OpenBSD distribution:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/base68.tgz
wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/comp68.tgz
wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xbase68.tgz
wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xfont68.tgz
wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xserv68.tgz
wget http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/xshare68.tgz
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>Start the emulation of the DECstation NFS server using this command line:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>gxemul -xe 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d base68.tgz -d comp68.tgz -d xbase68.tgz -d xfont68.tgz -d xserv68.tgz -d xshare68.tgz
</pre></td></tr></table>
and enter the following commands to configure the server for NFS serving and
extract the OpenBSD distribution:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>echo hostname=server >> /etc/rc.conf
echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" >> /etc/rc.conf
echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo 10.0.0.254 > /etc/mygate
echo /tftpboot -maproot=root -alldirs 10.0.0.3 > /etc/exports
echo rpcbind=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo nfs_server=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo mountd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo bootparamd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" > /etc/bootparams
echo "00:00:0a:10:20:30 client" > /etc/ethers
echo 10.0.0.3 client > /etc/hosts
cd /tftpboot
tar xzf /dev/sd1c
tar xzf /dev/sd2c
tar xzf /dev/sd3c
tar xzf /dev/sd4c
tar xzf /dev/sd5c
tar xzf /dev/sd6c
tar zxfv var/sysmerge/etc.tgz
tar zxfv var/sysmerge/xetc.tgz
chmod 1777 tmp
dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=262144
echo inet 10.0.0.3 > /tftpboot/etc/hostname.le0
chmod 640 /tftpboot/etc/hostname.le0
echo 10.0.0.254 > /tftpboot/etc/mygate
echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 > /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
echo 127.0.0.1 client localhost > /tftpboot/etc/hosts
echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 > /tftpboot/etc/fstab
echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap none swap sw,nfsmntpt=/swap >> /tftpboot/etc/fstab
halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>Download the OpenBSD/luna88k GENERIC, MULTIPROCESSOR, and RAMDISK kernels:<pre>
<a href="http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd">http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd</a>
<a href="http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.mp">http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.mp</a>
<a href="http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.rd">http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.8/luna88k/bsd.rd</a>
</pre>
<li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for running OpenBSD/luna88k diskless with
! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
!
! This config file is for the client.</font>
<b>net(
add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("client machine")
serial_nr(1)
type("luna88k")
subtype("luna-88k")
! use_x11(1)
! For multiprocessor experiments:
! ncpus(4)
! load("bsd.mp")
! load("bsd.rd")
load("bsd")
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
... and another configuration file for the server,
<tt>config_server</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>net(
local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("nfs server")
serial_nr(2)
type("dec")
subtype("5000/200")
disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>Download an OpenBSD/sgi RAMDISK kernel (only used to run MAKEDEV):<pre>
<a href="http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.7/sgi/bsd.rd.IP32">http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.7/sgi/bsd.rd.IP32</a>
</pre>
<li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client_sgi</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for running OpenBSD/sgi diskless with
! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.
!
! This config file is for the client.</font>
<b>net(
add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("client machine")
serial_nr(1)
type("sgi")
subtype("o2")
use_x11(1)
memory(1024)
load("bsd.rd.IP32")
! load("bsd.IP32")
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>Boot the "nfs server" and the OpenBSD/sgi
"client machine" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
in one xterm:
<b>gxemul @config_server</b>
and then, in another xterm:
<b>gxemul @config_client_sgi</b>
</pre>
<li>In the emulated OpenBSD/sgi client, type 's' for Shell and run these commands:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.3; route add default 10.0.0.254
mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt
cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt
halt -p</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>Finally, run the luna88k client:<pre>
<b>gxemul @config_client</b>
</pre>
When asked about root device, enter <tt>le0</tt>.
</ol>
<p><br>
If you want to run with the graphical framebuffer, uncomment the
<tt>use_x11(1)</tt> line in <tt>config_client</tt> first.
Unfortunately, Xorg lacks a driver for <tt>wsfb</tt> in OpenBSD/luna88k
6.8, which is needed.
<p>You can extract the files
<pre>./usr/X11R6/lib/modules/drivers/wsfb_drv.la
./usr/X11R6/lib/modules/drivers/wsfb_drv.so
</pre>
<p>from the <a href="http://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.7/luna88k/xserv67.tgz">OpenBSD
6.7 xserver</a> distribution file, and use them even if the
rest of the OS is version 6.8. If you have extracted the files above,
then start X by running <tt>startx</tt>.
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdluna88kmp"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k MultiProcessor experiments:</h3>
<p>You can experiment with the multiprocessor kernel (bsd.mp), with up to
4 emulated CPUs. It is not as stable as running single-processor, though.
Also, the emulator itself is not multithreaded, so all CPUs are emulated
using a single host processor, so a higher number of emulated CPUs means
a slower total emulation speed.
<p><a href="20210222-openbsd-luna88k-mp-1.png"><img src="20210222-openbsd-luna88k-mp-1-small.png"></a>
<a href="20210222-openbsd-luna88k-mp-2.png"><img src="20210222-openbsd-luna88k-mp-2-small.png"></a>
<p>Assuming you have done the root-on-nfs setup detailed above, uncomment
the bsd.mp file in the configuration file, and set ncpus to the
number of cpus (1 through 4).
<p>If you want to start the emulator from the command line with multiple
processors, use the <tt>-n</tt> option.
</body>
</html>
|
