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<title>Haskell 98 Index</title><body bgcolor="#ffffff"> <i>The Haskell 98 Report</i><br><a href="index.html">top</a> | <a href="prelude-index.html">function index</a> <br><h3>Haskell 98 Report: Index</h3>
<UL><LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1">1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Goals</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.1">1.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Haskell 98</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.2">1.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>This Report</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.3">1.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Evolutionary Highlights</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.3.1">1.3.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Highlights of Haskell 98</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.3.2">1.3.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Highlights of Haskell 1.4</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.3.3">1.3.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Highlights of Haskell 1.3</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.4">1.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The <I>n+k</I> Pattern Controversy</a>
<LI><a href="preface-13.html#sect1.5">1.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Haskell  Resources</a>
<LI><a href="intro.html#sect1">1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Introduction</a>
<LI><a href="intro.html#sect1.1">1.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Program Structure</a>
<LI><a href="intro.html#sect1.2">1.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Haskell  Kernel</a>
<LI><a href="intro.html#sect1.3">1.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Values and Types</a>
<LI><a href="intro.html#sect1.4">1.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Namespaces</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2">2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Lexical Structure</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.1">2.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Notational Conventions</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.2">2.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Lexical Program Structure</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.3">2.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Comments</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.4">2.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Identifiers and Operators</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.5">2.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Numeric Literals</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.6">2.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Character and String Literals</a>
<LI><a href="lexemes.html#sect2.7">2.7<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Layout</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3">3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Expressions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.1">3.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Errors</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.2">3.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Variables, Constructors, Operators, and Literals</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.3">3.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Curried Applications and Lambda Abstractions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.4">3.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Operator Applications</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.5">3.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Sections</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.6">3.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Conditionals</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.7">3.7<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Lists</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.8">3.8<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Tuples</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.9">3.9<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Unit Expressions and Parenthesized Expressions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.10">3.10<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Arithmetic Sequences</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.11">3.11<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>List Comprehensions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.12">3.12<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Let Expressions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.13">3.13<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Case Expressions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.14">3.14<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Do Expressions</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.15">3.15<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Datatypes with Field Labels</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.15.1">3.15.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Field Selection</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.15.2">3.15.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Construction Using Field Labels</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.15.3">3.15.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Updates Using Field Labels</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.16">3.16<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Expression Type-Signatures</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.17">3.17<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Pattern Matching</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.17.1">3.17.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Patterns</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.17.2">3.17.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Informal Semantics of Pattern Matching</a>
<LI><a href="exps.html#sect3.17.3">3.17.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Formal Semantics of Pattern Matching</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4">4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Declarations and Bindings</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.1">4.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Overview of Types and Classes</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.1.1">4.1.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Kinds</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.1.2">4.1.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Syntax of Types</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.1.3">4.1.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Syntax of Class Assertions and Contexts</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.1.4">4.1.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Semantics of Types and Classes</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.2">4.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>User-Defined Datatypes</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.2.1">4.2.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Algebraic Datatype Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.2.2">4.2.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Type Synonym Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.2.3">4.2.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Datatype Renamings</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.3">4.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Type Classes and Overloading</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.3.1">4.3.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Class Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.3.2">4.3.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Instance Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.3.3">4.3.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Derived Instances</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.3.4">4.3.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Ambiguous Types, and Defaults for Overloaded Numeric Operations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.4">4.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Nested Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.4.1">4.4.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Type Signatures</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.4.2">4.4.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Fixity Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.4.3">4.4.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Function and Pattern Bindings</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.4.3.1">4.4.3.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Function bindings.</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.4.3.2">4.4.3.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Pattern bindings.</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.5">4.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Static Semantics of Function and Pattern Bindings</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.5.1">4.5.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Dependency Analysis</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.5.2">4.5.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Generalization</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.5.3">4.5.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Context Reduction Errors</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.5.4">4.5.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Monomorphism</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.5.5">4.5.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Monomorphism Restriction</a>
<LI><a href="decls.html#sect4.6">4.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Kind Inference</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5">5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Modules</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.1">5.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Module Structure</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.2">5.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Export Lists</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.3">5.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Import Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.3.1">5.3.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Qualified import</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.3.2">5.3.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Local aliases</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.4">5.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Importing and Exporting Instance Declarations</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.5">5.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Name Clashes and Closure</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.5.1">5.5.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Qualified names</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.5.2">5.5.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Name clashes</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.5.3">5.5.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Closure</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.6">5.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Standard Prelude</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.6.1">5.6.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The <tt>Prelude</tt> Module</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.6.2">5.6.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Shadowing Prelude Names</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.7">5.7<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Separate Compilation</a>
<LI><a href="modules.html#sect5.8">5.8<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Abstract Datatypes</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6">6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Predefined Types and Classes</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1">6.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Standard Haskell Types</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.1">6.1.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Booleans</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.2">6.1.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Characters and Strings</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.3">6.1.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Lists</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.4">6.1.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Tuples</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.5">6.1.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Unit Datatype</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.6">6.1.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Function Types</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.7">6.1.7<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The IO and IOError Types</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.1.8">6.1.8<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Other Types</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.2">6.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Strict Evaluation</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3">6.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Standard Haskell Classes</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.1">6.3.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Eq Class</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.2">6.3.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Ord Class</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.3">6.3.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Read and Show Classes</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.4">6.3.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Enum Class</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.5">6.3.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Class <tt>Functor</tt></a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.6">6.3.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Class <tt>Monad</tt></a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.3.7">6.3.7<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>The Bounded Class</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4">6.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Numbers</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4.1">6.4.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Numeric Literals</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4.2">6.4.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Arithmetic and Number-Theoretic Operations</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4.3">6.4.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Exponentiation and Logarithms</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4.4">6.4.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Magnitude and Sign</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4.5">6.4.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Trigonometric Functions</a>
<LI><a href="basic.html#sect6.4.6">6.4.6<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Coercions and Component Extraction</a>
<LI><a href="io-13.html#sect7">7<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Basic Input/Output</a>
<LI><a href="io-13.html#sect7.1">7.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Standard I/O Functions</a>
<LI><a href="io-13.html#sect7.2">7.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Sequencing I/O Operations</a>
<LI><a href="io-13.html#sect7.3">7.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Exception Handling in the I/O Monad</a>
<LI><a href="standard-prelude.html#sectA">A<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Standard Prelude</a>
<LI><a href="standard-prelude.html#sectA.1">A.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Prelude <tt>PreludeList</tt></a>
<LI><a href="standard-prelude.html#sectA.2">A.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Prelude <tt>PreludeText</tt></a>
<LI><a href="standard-prelude.html#sectA.3">A.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Prelude <tt>PreludeIO</tt></a>
<LI><a href="syntax-iso.html#sectB">B<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Syntax</a>
<LI><a href="syntax-iso.html#sectB.1">B.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Notational Conventions</a>
<LI><a href="syntax-iso.html#sectB.2">B.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Lexical Syntax</a>
<LI><a href="syntax-iso.html#sectB.3">B.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Layout</a>
<LI><a href="syntax-iso.html#sectB.4">B.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Context-Free Syntax</a>
<LI><a href="literate.html#sectC">C<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Literate comments</a>
<LI><a href="derived.html#sectD">D<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Specification of Derived Instances</a>
<LI><a href="derived.html#sectD.1">D.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Derived instances of <tt>Eq</tt> and <tt>Ord</tt>.</a>
<LI><a href="derived.html#sectD.2">D.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Derived instances of <tt>Enum</tt></a>
<LI><a href="derived.html#sectD.3">D.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Derived instances of <tt>Bounded</tt>.</a>
<LI><a href="derived.html#sectD.4">D.4<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Derived instances of <tt>Read</tt> and <tt>Show</tt>.</a>
<LI><a href="derived.html#sectD.5">D.5<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>An Example</a>
<LI><a href="pragmas.html#sectE">E<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Compiler Pragmas</a>
<LI><a href="pragmas.html#sectE.1">E.1<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Inlining</a>
<LI><a href="pragmas.html#sectE.2">E.2<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Specialization</a>
<LI><a href="pragmas.html#sectE.3">E.3<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt>Optimization</a>
</UL>