{-# LANGUAGE CPP                        #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances          #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses      #-}
{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy                #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies               #-}
{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances       #-}

{- |
Module       :  Control.Monad.Trans.Random.Strict
Copyright    :  (c) Brent Yorgey 2016
License      :  BSD3 (see LICENSE)

Maintainer   :  byorgey@gmail.com
Stability    :  experimental
Portability  :  non-portable (multi-param classes, functional dependencies, undecidable instances)

Strict random monads, passing a random number generator through a computation.
See below for examples.

In this version, sequencing of computations is strict (but computations are not
strict in the state unless you force it with seq or the like). For a lazy
version with the same interface, see "Control.Monad.Trans.Random.Lazy".
-}

module Control.Monad.Trans.Random.Strict
  ( -- * The Rand monad transformer
    Rand,
    liftRand,
    runRand,
    evalRand,
    execRand,
    mapRand,
    withRand,
    evalRandIO,
    -- * The RandT monad transformer
    RandT,
    liftRandT,
    runRandT,
    evalRandT,
    execRandT,
    mapRandT,
    withRandT,
    evalRandTIO,
    -- * Lifting other operations
    liftCallCC,
    liftCallCC',
    liftCatch,
    liftListen,
    liftPass,
    -- * StatefulGen interface
    RandGen(..),
    withRandGen,
    withRandGen_,
    -- * Examples
    -- ** Random monads
    -- $examples
  ) where

import Control.Applicative ( Alternative )
import Control.Arrow (first)
import Control.Monad ( liftM, MonadPlus )
import Control.Monad.Cont.Class (MonadCont(..))
import Control.Monad.Error.Class ( MonadError(..) )
import qualified Control.Monad.Fail               as Fail
import Control.Monad.Fix ( MonadFix )
import Control.Monad.IO.Class ( MonadIO(..) )
import Control.Monad.Primitive ( PrimMonad(..) )
import Control.Monad.Random.Class ( MonadInterleave(..), MonadSplit(..), MonadRandom(..) )
import Control.Monad.RWS.Class ( MonadState(..), MonadRWS, MonadReader, MonadWriter )
import Control.Monad.Signatures ( Listen, Pass, CallCC, Catch )
import Control.Monad.Trans.Class ( MonadTrans(..) )
import qualified Control.Monad.Trans.State.Strict as StrictState
import Data.Functor.Identity ( Identity(runIdentity) )
#if MIN_VERSION_random(1,2,0)
import           System.Random.Stateful
#else
import           System.Random
#endif

-- | A random monad parameterized by the type @g@ of the generator to carry.
--
-- The 'return' function leaves the generator unchanged, while '>>=' uses the
-- final generator of the first computation as the initial generator of the
-- second.
type Rand g = RandT g Identity

-- | Construct a random monad computation from a function.
-- (The inverse of 'runRand'.)
liftRand
  :: (g -> (a, g))
  -- ^ pure random transformer
  -> Rand g a
  -- ^ equivalent generator-passing computation
liftRand = RandT . state

-- | Unwrap a random monad computation as a function.
-- (The inverse of 'liftRand'.)
runRand
  :: Rand g a
  -- ^ generator-passing computation to execute
  -> g
  -- ^ initial generator
  -> (a, g)
  -- ^ return value and final generator
runRand t = runIdentity . runRandT t

-- | Evaluate a random computation with the given initial generator and return
-- the final value, discarding the final generator.
--
-- * @'evalRand' m s = fst ('runRand' m s)@
evalRand
  :: Rand g a
  -- ^ generator-passing computation to execute
  -> g
  -- ^ initial generator
  -> a
  -- ^ return value of the random computation
evalRand t = runIdentity . evalRandT t

-- | Evaluate a random computation with the given initial generator and return
-- the final generator, discarding the final value.
--
-- * @'execRand' m s = snd ('runRand' m s)@
execRand
  :: Rand g a
  -- ^ generator-passing computation to execute
  -> g
  -- ^ initial generator
  -> g
  -- ^ final generator
execRand t = runIdentity . execRandT t

-- | Map both the return value and final generator of a computation using the
-- given function.
--
-- * @'runRand' ('mapRand' f m) = f . 'runRand' m@
mapRand :: ((a, g) -> (b, g)) -> Rand g a -> Rand g b
mapRand f = mapRandT (liftM f)

-- | @'withRand' f m@ executes action @m@ on a generator modified by applying @f@.
--
-- * @'withRand' f m = 'modify' f >> m@
withRand :: (g -> g) -> Rand g a -> Rand g a
withRand = withRandT

-- | A random transformer monad parameterized by:
--
-- * @g@ - The generator.
--
-- * @m@ - The inner monad.
--
-- The 'return' function leaves the generator unchanged, while '>>=' uses the
-- final generator of the first computation as the initial generator of the
-- second.
newtype RandT g m a = RandT { unRandT :: StrictState.StateT g m a }
  deriving (Functor, Applicative, Alternative, Monad, MonadPlus, MonadTrans, MonadIO, MonadFix, MonadReader r, MonadWriter w)

-- | Construct a random monad computation from an impure function.
-- (The inverse of 'runRandT'.)
liftRandT
  :: (g -> m (a, g))
  -- ^ impure random transformer
  -> RandT g m a
  -- ^ equivalent generator-passing computation
liftRandT = RandT . StrictState.StateT

-- | Unwrap a random monad computation as an impure function.
-- (The inverse of 'liftRandT'.)
runRandT
  :: RandT g m a
  -- ^ generator-passing computation to execute
  -> g
  -- ^ initial generator
  -> m (a, g)
  -- ^ return value and final generator
runRandT = StrictState.runStateT . unRandT

-- | Evaluate a random computation with the given initial generator and return
-- the final value, discarding the final generator.
--
-- * @'evalRandT' m g = liftM fst ('runRandT' m g)@
evalRandT :: (Monad m) => RandT g m a -> g -> m a
evalRandT = StrictState.evalStateT . unRandT

-- | Evaluate a random computation with the given initial generator and return
-- the final generator, discarding the final value.
--
-- * @'execRandT' m g = liftM snd ('runRandT' m g)@
execRandT :: (Monad m) => RandT g m a -> g -> m g
execRandT = StrictState.execStateT . unRandT

-- | Map both the return value and final generator of a computation using the
-- given function.
--
-- * @'runRandT' ('mapRandT' f m) = f . 'runRandT' m@
mapRandT :: (m (a, g) -> n (b, g)) -> RandT g m a -> RandT g n b
mapRandT f = RandT . StrictState.mapStateT f . unRandT

-- | @'withRandT' f m@ executes action @m@ on a generator modified by applying @f@.
--
-- * @'withRandT' f m = 'modify' f >> m@
withRandT :: (g -> g) -> RandT g m a -> RandT g m a
withRandT f = RandT . StrictState.withStateT f . unRandT

instance (MonadCont m) => MonadCont (RandT g m) where
  callCC = liftCallCC' callCC

instance (MonadError e m) => MonadError e (RandT g m) where
  throwError = lift . throwError
  catchError = liftCatch catchError

instance (MonadReader r m, MonadWriter w m, MonadState s m) => MonadRWS r w s (RandT g m)

instance (RandomGen g, Monad m) => MonadRandom (RandT g m) where
  getRandomR lohi = RandT . state $ randomR lohi
  getRandom = RandT . state $ random
  getRandomRs lohi = RandT . state $ first (randomRs lohi) . split
  getRandoms = RandT . state $ first randoms . split

instance (RandomGen g, Monad m) => MonadSplit g (RandT g m) where
  getSplit = RandT . state $ split

instance (Monad m, RandomGen g) => MonadInterleave (RandT g m) where
  interleave (RandT m) = liftRandT $ \g -> case split g of
    (gl, gr) -> liftM (\p -> (fst p, gr)) $ StrictState.runStateT m gl

instance (MonadState s m) => MonadState s (RandT g m) where
  get = lift get
  put = lift . put

instance PrimMonad m => PrimMonad (RandT s m) where
  type PrimState (RandT s m) = PrimState m
  primitive = lift . primitive

instance Fail.MonadFail m => Fail.MonadFail (RandT g m) where
  fail = lift . Fail.fail

-- | Uniform lifting of a @callCC@ operation to the new monad.
-- This version rolls back to the original state on entering the
-- continuation.
liftCallCC :: CallCC m (a, g) (b, g) -> CallCC (RandT g m) a b
liftCallCC callCC_ f = RandT $ StrictState.liftCallCC callCC_ $ \c -> unRandT (f (RandT . c))

-- | In-situ lifting of a @callCC@ operation to the new monad.
-- This version uses the current state on entering the continuation.
-- It does not satisfy the uniformity property (see "Control.Monad.Signatures").
liftCallCC' :: CallCC m (a, g) (b, g) -> CallCC (RandT g m) a b
liftCallCC' callCC_ f = RandT $ StrictState.liftCallCC' callCC_ $ \c -> unRandT (f (RandT . c))

-- | Lift a @catchE@ operation to the new monad.
liftCatch :: Catch e m (a, g) -> Catch e (RandT g m) a
liftCatch catchE_ m f = RandT $ StrictState.liftCatch catchE_ (unRandT m) (unRandT . f)

-- | Lift a @listen@ operation to the new monad.
liftListen :: (Monad m) => Listen w m (a, g) -> Listen w (RandT g m) a
liftListen listen_ m = RandT $ StrictState.liftListen listen_ (unRandT m)

-- | Lift a @pass@ operation to the new monad.
liftPass :: (Monad m) => Pass w m (a, g) -> Pass w (RandT g m) a
liftPass pass_ m = RandT $ StrictState.liftPass pass_ (unRandT m)

-- | Evaluate a random computation in the `IO` monad, splitting the global
-- standard generator to get a new one for the computation.
evalRandIO :: Rand StdGen a -> IO a
evalRandIO t = liftM (evalRand t) newStdGen

-- | Evaluate a random computation that is embedded in the `IO` monad,
-- splitting the global standard generator to get a new one for the
-- computation.
evalRandTIO :: (MonadIO m) => RandT StdGen m a -> m a
evalRandTIO t = liftIO newStdGen >>= evalRandT t


-- | A proxy that carries information about the type of generator to use with @RandT@
-- monad and its `StatefulGen` instance.
--
-- @since 0.5.3
data RandGen g = RandGen

#if MIN_VERSION_random(1,2,0)
-- |
--
-- @since 0.5.3
instance (Monad m, RandomGen g) => StatefulGen (RandGen g) (RandT g m) where
  uniformWord32R r = applyRandT (genWord32R r)
  uniformWord64R r = applyRandT (genWord64R r)
  uniformWord8 = applyRandT genWord8
  uniformWord16 = applyRandT genWord16
  uniformWord32 = applyRandT genWord32
  uniformWord64 = applyRandT genWord64
#if MIN_VERSION_random(1,3,0)
  uniformByteArrayM pinned sz = applyRandT $ uniformByteArray pinned sz
#else
  uniformShortByteString n = applyRandT (genShortByteString n)
#endif

-- |
--
-- @since 0.5.3
instance (Monad m, RandomGen g) => RandomGenM (RandGen g) g (RandT g m) where
  applyRandomGenM = applyRandT

applyRandT :: Applicative m => (g -> (a, g)) -> RandGen g -> RandT g m a
applyRandT f _ = liftRandT (pure . f)
#endif

-- | A `RandT` runner that allows using it with `StatefulGen` restricted actions. Returns
-- the outcome of random computation and the new pseudo-random-number generator
--
-- >>> withRandGen (mkStdGen 2021) uniformM :: IO (Int, StdGen)
-- (6070831465987696718,StdGen {unStdGen = SMGen 4687568268719557181 4805600293067301895})
--
-- @since 0.5.3
withRandGen ::
     g
  -- ^ initial generator
  -> (RandGen g -> RandT g m a)
  -> m (a, g)
  -- ^ return value and final generator
withRandGen g action = runRandT (action RandGen) g

-- | Same as `withRandGen`, but discards the resulting generator.
--
-- >>> withRandGen_ (mkStdGen 2021) uniformM :: IO Int
-- 6070831465987696718
--
-- @since 0.5.3
withRandGen_ ::
     Monad m
  => g
  -- ^ initial generator
  -> (RandGen g -> RandT g m a)
  -> m a
  -- ^ return value and final generator
withRandGen_ g action = evalRandT (action RandGen) g


{- $examples

The @die@ function simulates the roll of a die, picking a number between 1
and 6, inclusive, and returning it in the 'Rand' monad transformer.  Notice
that this code will work with any random number generator @g@.

> die :: (RandomGen g) => Rand g Int
> die = getRandomR (1, 6)

The @dice@ function uses @replicate@ and @sequence@ to simulate the roll of
@n@ dice.

> dice :: (RandomGen g) => Int -> Rand g [Int]
> dice n = sequence (replicate n die)

To extract a value from the 'Rand' monad transformer, we can use 'evalRandIO'.

> main = do
>   values <- evalRandIO (dice 2)
>   putStrLn (show values)

-}