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|
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}
-- |
-- Module : Statistics.Distribution.Normal
-- Copyright : (c) 2009 Bryan O'Sullivan
-- License : BSD3
--
-- Maintainer : bos@serpentine.com
-- Stability : experimental
-- Portability : portable
--
-- The normal distribution. This is a continuous probability
-- distribution that describes data that cluster around a mean.
module Statistics.Distribution.Normal
(
NormalDistribution
-- * Constructors
, normalDistr
, normalFromSample
, standard
) where
import Data.Number.Erf (erfc)
import Data.Typeable (Typeable)
import Numeric.MathFunctions.Constants (m_sqrt_2, m_sqrt_2_pi)
import qualified Statistics.Distribution as D
import qualified Statistics.Sample as S
import qualified System.Random.MWC.Distributions as MWC
-- | The normal distribution.
data NormalDistribution = ND {
mean :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Double
, stdDev :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Double
, ndPdfDenom :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Double
, ndCdfDenom :: {-# UNPACK #-} !Double
} deriving (Eq, Read, Show, Typeable)
instance D.Distribution NormalDistribution where
cumulative = cumulative
complCumulative = complCumulative
instance D.ContDistr NormalDistribution where
density = density
quantile = quantile
instance D.MaybeMean NormalDistribution where
maybeMean = Just . D.mean
instance D.Mean NormalDistribution where
mean = mean
instance D.MaybeVariance NormalDistribution where
maybeStdDev = Just . D.stdDev
maybeVariance = Just . D.variance
instance D.Variance NormalDistribution where
stdDev = stdDev
instance D.ContGen NormalDistribution where
genContVar d gen = do x <- MWC.standard gen
return $! stdDev d * (x - mean d)
-- | Standard normal distribution with mean equal to 0 and variance equal to 1
standard :: NormalDistribution
standard = ND { mean = 0.0
, stdDev = 1.0
, ndPdfDenom = m_sqrt_2_pi
, ndCdfDenom = m_sqrt_2
}
-- | Create normal distribution from parameters.
--
-- IMPORTANT: prior to 0.10 release second parameter was variance not
-- standard deviation.
normalDistr :: Double -- ^ Mean of distribution
-> Double -- ^ Standard deviation of distribution
-> NormalDistribution
normalDistr m sd
| sd > 0 = ND { mean = m
, stdDev = sd
, ndPdfDenom = m_sqrt_2_pi * sd
, ndCdfDenom = m_sqrt_2 * sd
}
| otherwise =
error $ "Statistics.Distribution.Normal.normalDistr: standard deviation must be positive. Got " ++ show sd
-- | Create distribution using parameters estimated from
-- sample. Variance is estimated using maximum likelihood method
-- (biased estimation).
normalFromSample :: S.Sample -> NormalDistribution
normalFromSample a = normalDistr (S.mean a) (S.stdDev a)
density :: NormalDistribution -> Double -> Double
density d x = exp (-xm * xm / (2 * sd * sd)) / ndPdfDenom d
where xm = x - mean d
sd = stdDev d
cumulative :: NormalDistribution -> Double -> Double
cumulative d x = erfc ((mean d - x) / ndCdfDenom d) / 2
complCumulative :: NormalDistribution -> Double -> Double
complCumulative d x = erfc ((x - mean d) / ndCdfDenom d) / 2
quantile :: NormalDistribution -> Double -> Double
quantile d p
| p == 0 = -inf
| p == 1 = inf
| p == 0.5 = mean d
| p > 0 && p < 1 = x * stdDev d + mean d
| otherwise =
error $ "Statistics.Distribution.Normal.quantile: p must be in [0,1] range. Got: "++show p
where x = D.findRoot standard p 0 (-100) 100
inf = 1/0
|
