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%**<title>The Haskell 98 Library Report: Introduction</title>
%**~sheader
\markboth{PREFACE}{PREFACE}
\begin{center}
{\Large \bf Preface}
\end{center}
\vspace{.2in}
This document defines the standard libraries for \Haskell{} 98.
The libraries presented here represent a selection of basic
functionality that is expected to be useful to many \Haskell{}
programmers. Most implementations provide further libraries
which are not a recognized part of the \Haskell{} standard.
The latest version of this report, as well many other available libraries,
can be found on the web at @http://haskell.org@.
\subsection*{The August 2001 Revision}
Both Haskell 98 Reports were revised in August 2001, to incorporate
dozens of typographical errors and presentational improvements. A
complete list of all changes can be found at @http://haskell.org@.
\subsection*{Acknowledgements}
We would like to express our thanks to those who have contributed
directly or indirectly to this report without being named as authors,
including
Olaf Chitil,
Mark Carroll,
Tony Davie,
Hal Daume,
Sigbjorn Finne,
Andy Gill,
Mike Gunter,
Fergus Henderson,
Orjan Johansen,
Kent Karlsson,
Sandra Loosemore,
Graeme Moss,
Sven Panne,
Keith Wansbrough.
In addition, many people named in the Acknowledgements to the Haskell 98 Language
Report also contributed to the Library Report.
\clearpage
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
This document defines the standard libraries for \Haskell{} 98. Like the @Prelude@,
these libraries are a required part of a \Haskell{}
implementation. Unlike the Prelude, however, these modules must
be {\em explicitly} imported into scope.
When possible, library functions are described solely by executable
\Haskell{} code. Functions which require implementation-dependent
primitives are
represented by type signatures without definitions.
Some data types are implementation-dependent: these are indicated
by comments in the source.
The code found here is a {\em specification}, rather than an
{\em implementation}. Implementations may choose more efficient versions of
these functions. However, all
properties of these specifications must be preserved, including
strictness properties.
Classes defined in libraries may be derivable. This report includes
the derivation of such classes when appropriate.
When @Prelude@ types
are instances of derivable library classes a commented empty instance
declaration is used. The comment, ``as derived'', indicates that the
instance is the same as would have been generated by a @deriving@ in
the Prelude type declaration.
The following table summarises the fixities of all the operators
introduced by the standard libraries:
\begin{table}[htb]
\[
\centerline{
\begin{tabular}{|r||l|l|l|}
\hline
Prec- & Left associative & Non-associative & Right associative \\
edence & operators & operators & operators \\ \hline\hline
9 & @Array.!@, @Array.//@ & & \\ \hline
7 & @Ratio.%@ & & \\ \hline
6 & & @Complex.:+@ & \\ \hline
5 & & @List.\\@ & \\ \hline
\end{tabular}}
\]
\ecaption{Precedences and fixities of library operators}
\indextt{>>=}
\end{table}
%**~sfooter
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