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/*
* Routines to open a URL instead of a local file
*
* int openurl(const char *path)
* FILE *fopenurl(const char *path)
*
* TODO: set CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, check return codes and then return
* NULL from fopenurl2() with a proper error code, instead of just
* passing the body of the HTTP error message.
* TODO: Add arguments for PUT, POST; parse and return headers.
*
* TODO: authentication, use relevant fields in url.
*
* TODO: In the code for !HAVE_LIBCURL, apply URL_to_ascii() before
* using a URL. (Libcurl handles IRIs automatically.)
*
* Uses http_proxy and ftp_proxy environment variables.
*
* Author: Bert Bos <bert@w3.org>
* Created: 7 March 1999
*
* Copyright © 1999-2017 World Wide Web Consortium
* See http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software
*
*
* The write_cb() and wait_for_data() functions are inspired by
* http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/fopen.html which has the following
* copyright:
*
* Copyright (c) 2003 Simtec Electronics
*
* Re-implemented by Vincent Sanders <vince@kyllikki.org> with
* extensive reference to original curl example code
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
* without modification, are permitted provided that the following
* conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
* disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
* provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
* OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
* OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
* USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
* DAMAGE.
*/
#include "config.h"
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* Try to get fopencookie() from stdio.h */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "export.h"
#if HAVE_LIBCURL && !HAVE_FOPENCOOKIE
# include "fopencookie.h" /* Use our own fopencookie() */
#endif
#include "dict.e"
#include "heap.e"
#include "types.e"
#include "errexit.e"
#define MAXREDIRECTS 10 /* Maximum # of 30x redirects to follow */
#ifdef DEBUG
/* debug -- print debugging info */
static void debug(char *format,...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
#else
#define debug(...)
#endif
/* http_strerror -- return a string describing the status code */
EXPORT conststring http_strerror(int code)
{
switch(code) {
case 100: return "Continue";
case 101: return "Switching Protocols";
case 200: return "OK";
case 201: return "Created";
case 202: return "Accepted";
case 203: return "Non-Authoritative Information";
case 204: return "No Content";
case 205: return "Reset Content";
case 206: return "Partial Content";
case 300: return "Multiple Choices";
case 301: return "Moved Permanently";
case 302: return "Found";
case 303: return "See Other";
case 304: return "Not Modified";
case 305: return "Use Proxy";
case 306: return "(Unused)";
case 307: return "Temporary Redirect";
case 400: return "Bad Request";
case 401: return "Unauthorized";
case 402: return "Payment Required";
case 403: return "Forbidden";
case 404: return "Not Found";
case 405: return "Method Not Allowed";
case 406: return "Not Acceptable";
case 407: return "Proxy Authentication Required";
case 408: return "Request Timeout";
case 409: return "Conflict";
case 410: return "Gone";
case 411: return "Length Required";
case 412: return "Precondition Failed";
case 413: return "Request Entity Too Large";
case 414: return "Request-URI Too Long";
case 415: return "Unsupported Media Type";
case 416: return "Requested Range Not Satisfiable";
case 417: return "Expectation Failed";
case 500: return "Internal Server Error";
case 501: return "Not Implemented";
case 502: return "Bad Gateway";
case 503: return "Service Unavailable";
case 504: return "Gateway Timeout";
case 505: return "HTTP Version Not Supported";
default: return "(Unknown status code)";
}
}
#if HAVE_LIBCURL
#include <curl/curl.h>
typedef struct fcurl_data {
CURL *curl;
char *buffer; /* buffer to store cached data */
size_t buffer_len; /* currently allocated buffers length */
size_t buffer_pos; /* end of data in buffer */
int still_running; /* is background url fetch still in progress */
Dictionary headers; /* response headers */
struct curl_slist *req; /* extra or overridden request headers */
int *statusptr; /* ptr to var with received HTTP status code */
} URL_FILE;
CURLM *multi_handle = NULL; /* We use a global one for convenience */
int libcurl_is_initialized = 0;
/* header_cb -- libcurl calls this once for every protocol header line */
static size_t header_cb(char *buf, size_t size, size_t nmemb, URL_FILE *file)
{
char *p, *header, *value, *url;
size_t i, j;
/* This routine currently only handles HTTP headers */
if (curl_easy_getinfo(file->curl, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL, &url) != CURLE_OK ||
(strncasecmp("http:", url, 5) != 0 &&
strncasecmp("https:", url, 6) != 0))
return size * nmemb;
if (size * nmemb == 2) { /* CRLF signals end of headers */
assert(buf[0] == '\r' && buf[1] == '\n');
} else if (!(p = memchr(buf, ':', size * nmemb))) { /* Must be status code */
debug("+ < %s", buf);
*file->statusptr = atoi(buf + strcspn(buf, " "));
if (file->headers) dict_destroy_all(file->headers); /* Clear old headers */
} else if (file->headers) { /* Normal header */
header = down(newnstring(buf, p - buf));
i = strspn(p + 1, " \t") + 1; /* Skip white space */
j = strcspn(p + i, "\r\n"); /* End before CR-LF */
assert(j < size * nmemb);
value = newnstring(p + i, j);
debug("+ < %s: %s\n", header, value);
if (!dict_add(file->headers, header, value)) return 0; /* Memory error */
dispose(header);
dispose(value);
}
return size * nmemb;
}
/* write_cb -- curl calls this routine when it has read some data */
static size_t write_cb(char *buf, size_t size, size_t nitems, void *userdata)
{
URL_FILE *file = (URL_FILE*)userdata;
size *= nitems;
if (file->buffer_len < file->buffer_pos + size) { /* Need bigger buffer */
file->buffer_len = file->buffer_pos + size;
file->buffer = realloc(file->buffer, file->buffer_len);
if (!file->buffer) return 0; /* Out of memory */
}
memcpy(file->buffer + file->buffer_pos, buf, size);
file->buffer_pos += size;
return size;
}
/* wait_for_data -- fill the read buffer up to requested # of bytes */
static CURLcode wait_for_data(URL_FILE *file, size_t want)
{
fd_set fdread, fdwrite, fdexcep;
struct timeval timeout;
CURLMcode rc;
int maxfd, n;
CURLMsg *msg;
long curl_timeout;
while (1) {
do rc = curl_multi_perform(multi_handle, &file->still_running);
while (rc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
if (rc == CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY) return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
if (rc != CURLM_OK) errexit("Error waiting for data (%d)\n", rc);
/* Stop if the connection is closed, after checking why */
if (!file->still_running) {
if (!(msg = curl_multi_info_read(multi_handle, &n))) return CURLE_OK;
else return msg->msg == CURLMSG_DONE ? msg->data.result : CURLE_OK;
}
/* Stop when we have enough data */
if (file->buffer_pos >= want) return CURLE_OK;
/* Determine how long to wait in select(), max is 1 second */
curl_multi_timeout(multi_handle, &curl_timeout);
if (curl_timeout < 0 || curl_timeout >= 1000) {
timeout.tv_sec = 1; /* Set 1 second timeout */
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
} else { /* Use precise timeout */
timeout.tv_sec = 0;
timeout.tv_usec = curl_timeout * 1000;
}
/* Get file descriptors from the transfers */
FD_ZERO(&fdread);
FD_ZERO(&fdwrite);
FD_ZERO(&fdexcep);
maxfd = -1;
rc = curl_multi_fdset(multi_handle, &fdread, &fdwrite, &fdexcep, &maxfd);
if (rc == CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY) return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
if (rc != CURLM_OK) errexit("Error waiting for data (%d)\n", rc);
/* Call select() to wait for either some data or a timeout */
if (select(maxfd + 1, &fdread, &fdwrite, &fdexcep, &timeout) < 0)
errexit("select error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
return CURLE_OK;
}
/* free_file -- decommission an easy_handle and free memory */
static void free_file(URL_FILE *file)
{
debug("+ free_file()\n");
(void) curl_multi_remove_handle(multi_handle, file->curl);
curl_easy_cleanup(file->curl);
if (file->buffer) free(file->buffer);
if (file->req) curl_slist_free_all(file->req);
free(file);
}
/* close_cb -- callback called when close(2) is called on our connection */
static int close_cb(void *cookie)
{
debug("+ close_cb()\n");
(void)free_file((URL_FILE*)cookie);
return 0;
}
/* read_cb -- callback called when read(2) is called on our connection */
static ssize_t read_cb(void *cookie, char *buf, size_t n)
{
URL_FILE *file = (URL_FILE*)cookie;
/* Todo: set errno to something corresponding to the error */
if (wait_for_data(file, n) != CURLE_OK) {errno = EIO; return -1;}
if (file->buffer_pos < n) n = file->buffer_pos;
if (!buf) {errno = EFAULT; return -1;}
memcpy(buf, file->buffer, n);
file->buffer_pos -= n;
memmove(file->buffer, file->buffer + n, file->buffer_pos);
return n;
}
/* cleanup -- callback for exit(3) to clean up libcurl connections */
static void cleanup(void)
{
if (multi_handle) {
curl_multi_cleanup(multi_handle);
multi_handle = NULL;
}
if (libcurl_is_initialized) {
curl_global_cleanup();
libcurl_is_initialized = 0;
}
}
/* fopenurl3 -- like fopenurl2, but uses method instead of GET */
EXPORT FILE *fopenurl3(const conststring method, const conststring url,
const conststring mode, const Dictionary request,
Dictionary response, int maxredirs, int *status)
{
const char *h, *v, *headerline;
cookie_io_functions_t iofuncs;
URL_FILE *file;
CURLMcode rc;
CURLcode result;
int dummy;
size_t n;
debug("+ fopenurl3(%s, %s, %s,..., %d,...)\n", method, url, mode, maxredirs);
if (!status) status = &dummy;
*status = 200;
/* In case the url isn't a full URL, assume it is a local file */
assert(url != NULL);
n = strspn(url,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+-.");
if (url[n] != ':') return fopen(url, mode);
debug("+ Not a local file, set up libcurl...\n");
if (!libcurl_is_initialized) {
if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != 0) {errno = EIO; return NULL;}
(void) atexit(cleanup);
libcurl_is_initialized = 1;
}
new(file);
file->still_running = 1;
file->buffer = NULL;
file->buffer_len = 0;
file->buffer_pos = 0;
file->headers = response;
file->req = NULL;
file->statusptr = status;
/* Construct the extra request headers, if any */
if (request)
for (h = dict_next(request, NULL); h; h = dict_next(request, h)) {
v = dict_find(request, h);
headerline = strapp(NULL, h, ": ", v, NULL);
debug("+ > %s\n", headerline);
file->req = curl_slist_append(file->req, headerline);
dispose(headerline);
}
file->curl = curl_easy_init();
#ifdef DEBUG
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
#endif
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, method);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, file);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, header_cb);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, file);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, (long)maxredirs);
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, file->req);
#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071506
/* needs libcurl >= 7.21.6 */
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, 1L);
#endif
curl_easy_setopt(file->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, ""); /* Let curl decode it */
if (!multi_handle && !(multi_handle = curl_multi_init())) {
free_file(file);
errno = EIO;
return NULL;
}
rc = curl_multi_add_handle(multi_handle, file->curl);
debug("+ added to multi_handle -> %d\n", rc);
if (rc != CURLM_OK) {free_file(file); errno = EIO; return NULL;}
/* Todo: make errno more specific, if possible */
debug("+ Set up the connection...\n");
/* Set up the connection */
(void)curl_multi_perform(multi_handle, &file->still_running);
#if 0
if (file->buffer_pos == 0 && !file->still_running) {
int n;
CURLMsg *m = curl_multi_info_read(multi_handle, &n);
if (m->msg == CURLMSG_DONE && m->data.result == CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL)
errno = EPROTONOSUPPORT;
else
errno = EIO; /* Todo: be more specific, if possible */
debug("+ closed before the first data\n");
free_file(file);
return NULL;
}
#endif
/* Get the first data, i.e., after any headers */
result = wait_for_data(file, 1);
if (result != CURLE_OK) {
free_file(file);
if (result == CURLE_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS) errno = EMLINK;
else if (result == CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL) errno = EPROTONOSUPPORT;
else errno = EIO;
return NULL;}
/* Todo: make errno more specific, if possible */
iofuncs.read = read_cb;
iofuncs.write = NULL;
iofuncs.seek = NULL;
iofuncs.close = close_cb;
return fopencookie(file, mode, iofuncs);
}
/* fopenurl2 -- like fopenurl, but sends and returns HTTP headers */
EXPORT FILE *fopenurl2(const conststring url, const conststring mode,
const Dictionary request, Dictionary response,
int maxredirs, int *status)
{
assert(url != NULL);
return fopenurl3("GET", url, mode, request, response, maxredirs, status);
}
/* fopenurl -- like fopen, but takes a URL; HTTP headers are parsed */
EXPORT FILE *fopenurl(const conststring path, const conststring mode,
int *status)
{
assert(path != NULL);
debug("+ fopenurl(\"%s\", \"%s\")\n", path, mode);
return fopenurl2(path, mode, NULL, NULL, MAXREDIRECTS, status);
}
#else /* HAVE_LIBCURL */
#if HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
# include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
# include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_FCNTL_H
# include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#if HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
# include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_STRINGS_H
# include <strings.h>
#endif
#include <ctype.h>
#include "url.e"
#include "connectsock.e"
#include "headers.e"
#define BUFLEN 4096 /* Max len of header lines */
static URL http_proxy = NULL, ftp_proxy = NULL;
static int http_proxy_init = 0, ftp_proxy_init = 0;
/* Forward declaration */
FILE *fopenurl2(const conststring path, const conststring mode,
const Dictionary request, Dictionary response,
int maxredirs, int *status);
/* open_http2 -- open resource via HTTP; return file pointer or NULL */
static FILE *open_http2(const conststring machine, const conststring port,
const conststring path, Dictionary request,
Dictionary response, int maxredirs, int *status)
{
int delete_response = !response;
conststring h, v;
char buf[BUFLEN];
int fd, n, i;
string s, t;
FILE *f;
assert(machine);
assert(port);
assert(path);
debug("+ open_http2(\"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\",...)\n", machine, port, path);
/* Too many redirects? */
if (maxredirs < 0) {errno = EMLINK; return NULL;}
/* Connect */
if ((fd = connectTCP(machine, port)) < 0) return NULL;
/* Construct the request */
t = strapp(NULL, "GET ", path, " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: ", machine, NULL);
if (!eq(port, "80")) strapp(&t, ":", port, NULL);
strapp(&t, "\r\n", NULL);
/* Add other headers */
if (request)
for (h = dict_next(request, NULL); h; h = dict_next(request, h))
strapp(&t, h, ": ", dict_find(request, h), "\r\n", NULL);
strapp(&t, "\r\n", NULL);
/* Send the request, end with n = 0 (success) or n = -1 (failure) */
n = strlen(t);
while (n > 0) {
i = write(fd, t, n);
if (i < 0) n = -1; else n -= i;
}
dispose(t);
if (n < 0) return NULL;
/* No more output to server */
(void)shutdown(fd, 1);
/* Create FILE* */
if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) return NULL;
/* Check protocol version, read status code */
if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f) ||
!(hasprefix(buf, "HTTP/1.1 ") || hasprefix(buf, "HTTP/1.0 "))) {
(void)fclose(f);
return NULL;
}
*status = atoi(buf + strcspn(buf, " "));
debug("+ Status = %d\n", *status);
/* Read response headers */
if (!response) response = dict_create(50);
if (!read_mail_headers(f, response)) {
(void)fclose(f);
f = NULL;
} else if (hasprefix(buf+9, "301") || hasprefix(buf+9, "302") ||
hasprefix(buf+9, "303") || hasprefix(buf+9, "307")) {
(void)fclose(f);
if (!(v = dict_find(response, "location"))) {
errno = 121; /* EREMOTEIO */
f = NULL; /* Redirect without a location!? */
} else {
s = newstring(v); /* Because we'll delete the response dict. */
dict_destroy_all(response);
f = fopenurl2(s, "r", request, response, maxredirs - 1, status);
dispose(s);
}
}
/* To do: handle 305 Use Proxy */
/* Return the body of the stream */
if (response && delete_response) dict_delete(response);
return f;
}
/* open_http -- open resource via HTTP; return file pointer or NULL */
static FILE *open_http(const URL url, Dictionary request, Dictionary response,
int maxredirs, int *status)
{
string s, machine, port;
FILE *f;
/* Initialize proxy from environment variable, if not already done */
if (! http_proxy_init) {
if ((s = getenv("http_proxy"))) http_proxy = URL_new(s);
http_proxy_init = 1;
}
/* What server do we connect to: a proxy or the end server? */
machine = (http_proxy ? http_proxy : url)->machine;
port = (http_proxy ? http_proxy : url)->port;
if (!port) port = "80";
if (http_proxy)
f = open_http2(machine, port, url->full, request,response,maxredirs,status);
else {
s = NULL;
if (url->path) strapp(&s, url->path, NULL);
if (url->query) strapp(&s, "?", url->query, NULL);
if (url->fragment) strapp(&s, "#", url->fragment, NULL);
if (!s || !*s) strapp(&s, "/", NULL);
debug("+ path = \"%s\"\n", s);
f = open_http2(machine, port, s, request, response, maxredirs, status);
dispose(s);
}
return f;
}
/* open_ftp -- open resource via FTP; return file pointer or NULL */
static FILE *open_ftp(const URL url, Dictionary request, Dictionary response,
int maxredirs)
{
string proxy;
int dummy;
if (! ftp_proxy_init) {
if ((proxy = getenv("ftp_proxy"))) ftp_proxy = URL_new(proxy);
ftp_proxy_init = 1;
}
/* Can only work via proxy for now... */
if (!ftp_proxy) {errno = ENOSYS; return NULL;}
return open_http2(ftp_proxy->machine,
ftp_proxy->port ? ftp_proxy->port : "80",
url->full, request, response, maxredirs, &dummy);
}
/* open_file -- open resource as local file or FTP; return file ptr or NULL */
static FILE *open_file(const URL url, const conststring mode,
Dictionary request, Dictionary response, int maxredirs)
{
FILE *f = NULL;
if (! url->machine || eq(url->machine, "localhost")) {
f = fopen(url->path, mode);
}
if (! f) {
if (! eq(mode, "r")) errno = EACCES; /* Not yet supported */
else f = open_ftp(url, request, response, maxredirs);
}
return f;
}
/* fopenurl3 -- like fopenurl2, but with a method other than GET */
EXPORT FILE *fopenurl3(const conststring method, const conststring path,
const conststring mode, const Dictionary request,
Dictionary response, int maxredirs, int *status)
{
FILE *f = NULL;
int dummy;
URL url;
if (!status) status = &dummy;
*status = 200;
if (strcmp(method, "GET") != 0) {errno = EPROTONOSUPPORT; return NULL;}
url = URL_new(path);
if (! url) {
errno = EACCES; /* Invalid URL */
} else if (! url->proto) {
f = fopen(path, mode); /* Assume it's a local file */
} else if (eq(url->proto, "http")) {
if (! eq(mode, "r")) errno = ENOSYS; /* Not yet supported */
else f = open_http(url, request, response, maxredirs, status);
} else if (eq(url->proto, "ftp")) {
if (! eq(mode, "r")) errno = ENOSYS; /* Not yet supported */
else f = open_ftp(url, request, response, maxredirs);
} else if (eq(url->proto, "file")) {
f = open_file(url, mode, request, response, maxredirs);
} else {
errno = EPROTONOSUPPORT; /* Unimplemented protocol */
}
URL_dispose(url);
return f;
}
/* fopenurl2 -- like fopenurl, but sends and returns HTTP headers */
EXPORT FILE *fopenurl2(const conststring url, const conststring mode,
const Dictionary request, Dictionary response,
int maxredirs, int *status)
{
return fopenurl3("GET", url, mode, request, response, maxredirs, status);
}
/* fopenurl -- like fopen, but takes a URL; HTTP headers are parsed */
EXPORT FILE *fopenurl(const conststring url, const conststring mode,
int *status)
{
return fopenurl3("GET", url, mode, NULL, NULL, MAXREDIRECTS, status);
}
#endif /* HAVE_LIBCURL */
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