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<div class="section" title="7.26. Object Inheritance">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="objectinheritance"></a>7.26. <a name="object_inheritance"></a>Object Inheritance</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="toc"><dl>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.1. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.2. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-basics">Basics</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.3. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-localvsinveritedvars">Local Variables vs. Inherited Variables</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.4. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-inheritancechaining">Inheritance Chaining</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.5. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-templates">Using Incomplete Object Definitions as Templates</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.6. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-customobjectvariables">Custom Object Variables</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.7. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-cancel_string">Cancelling Inheritance of String Values</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.8. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-add_string">Additive Inheritance of String Values</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.9. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-implied_inheritance">Implied Inheritance</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.10. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-implied_escalations">Implied/Additive Inheritance in Escalations</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.11. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-important_values">Important values</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.12. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-multiple_templates">Multiple Inheritance Sources</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section">7.26.13. <a href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-multipleinheritancesources">Precedence With Multiple Inheritance Sources</a></span></dt>
</dl></div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.1. Introduction">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-introduction"></a>7.26.1. Introduction</h3></div></div></div>
<p>This documentation attempts to explain object inheritance and how it can be used in your <a class="link" href="objectdefinitions.html" title="3.4. Object Definitions">object
definitions</a>.</p>
<p>If you are confused about how recursion and inheritance work after reading this, take a look at the sample object config files
provided in the Icinga distribution. If that still doesn't help, drop an email message with a <span class="emphasis"><em>detailed</em></span>
description of your problem to the <span class="emphasis"><em>icinga-users</em></span> mailing list.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.2. Basics">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-basics"></a>7.26.2. Basics</h3></div></div></div>
<p>There are three variables affecting recursion and inheritance that are present in all object definitions. They are
<span class="emphasis"><em>"indicated"</em></span> as follows...</p>
<pre class="screen"> define <span class="emphasis"><em> someobjecttype</em></span>{
<span class="emphasis"><em> object-specific variables</em></span> ...
name <span class="emphasis"><em> template_name</em></span>
use <span class="emphasis"><em> name_of_template_to_use</em></span>
register [0/1]
}</pre>
<p>The first variable is <span class="emphasis"><em>name</em></span>. Its just a "template" name that can be referenced in other object definitions so
they can inherit the objects properties/variables. Template names must be unique amongst objects of the same type, so you can't have two
or more host definitions that have "hosttemplate" as their template name.</p>
<p>The second variable is <span class="emphasis"><em>use</em></span>. This is where you specify the name of the template object that you want to inherit
properties/variables from. The name you specify for this variable must be defined as another object's template named (using the
<span class="emphasis"><em>name</em></span> variable).</p>
<p>The third variable is <span class="emphasis"><em>register</em></span>. This variable is used to indicate whether or not the object definition should
be "registered" with Icinga. By default, all object definitions are registered. If you are using a partial object definition as a
template, you would want to prevent it from being registered (an example of this is provided later). Values are as follows: 0 = do NOT
register object definition, 1 = register object definition (this is the default). This variable is NOT inherited; every (partial) object
definition used as a template must explicitly set the <span class="emphasis"><em>register</em></span> directive to be <span class="emphasis"><em>0</em></span>. This prevents
the need to override an inherited <span class="emphasis"><em>register</em></span> directive with a value of <span class="emphasis"><em>1</em></span> for every object that
should be registered.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.3. Local Variables vs. Inherited Variables">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-localvsinveritedvars"></a>7.26.3. Local Variables vs. Inherited Variables</h3></div></div></div>
<p>One important thing to understand with inheritance is that "local" object variables always take precedence over variables defined in
the template object. Take a look at the following example of two host definitions (not all required variables have been supplied):</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost1
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 5
name hosttemplate1
}
define host{
host_name bighost2
max_check_attempts 3
use hosttemplate1
}</pre>
<p>You'll note that the definition for host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> has been defined as having <span class="emphasis"><em>hosttemplate1</em></span>
as its template name. The definition for host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost2</em></span> is using the definition of <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> as
its template object. Once Icinga processes this data, the resulting definition of host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost2</em></span> would be
equivalent to this definition:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost2
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 3
}</pre>
<p>You can see that the <span class="emphasis"><em>check_command</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>notification_options</em></span> variables were inherited from
the template object (where host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> was defined). However, the <span class="emphasis"><em>host_name</em></span> and
<span class="emphasis"><em>max_check_attempts</em></span> variables were not inherited from the template object because they were defined locally. Remember,
locally defined variables override variables that would normally be inherited from a template object. That should be a fairly easy concept
to understand.</p>
<div class="tip" title="Tip" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Tip">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Tip]" src="../images/tip.png"></td>
<th align="left">Tip</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">
<p>If you would like local string variables to be appended to inherited string values, you can do so. Read more about how to
accomplish this <a class="link" href="objectinheritance.html#objectinheritance-add_string" title="7.26.8. Additive Inheritance of String Values">below</a>.</p>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.4. Inheritance Chaining">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-inheritancechaining"></a>7.26.4. Inheritance Chaining</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Objects can inherit properties/variables from multiple levels of template objects. Take the following example:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost1
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 5
name hosttemplate1
}
define host{
host_name bighost2
max_check_attempts 3
use hosttemplate1
name hosttemplate2
}
define host{
host_name bighost3
use hosttemplate2
}</pre>
<p>You'll notice that the definition of host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost3</em></span> inherits variables from the definition of host
<span class="emphasis"><em>bighost2</em></span>, which in turn inherits variables from the definition of host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span>. Once
Icinga processes this configuration data, the resulting host definitions are equivalent to the following:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost1
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 5
}
define host{
host_name bighost2
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 3
}
define host{
host_name bighost3
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 3
}</pre>
<p>There is no inherent limit on how "deep" inheritance can go, but you'll probably want to limit yourself to at most a few levels in
order to maintain sanity.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.5. Using Incomplete Object Definitions as Templates">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-templates"></a>7.26.5. Using Incomplete Object Definitions as Templates</h3></div></div></div>
<p>It is possible to use imcomplete object definitions as templates for use by other object definitions. By "incomplete" definition, I
mean that all required variables in the object have not been supplied in the object definition. It may sound odd to use incomplete
definitions as templates, but it is in fact recommended that you use them. Why? Well, they can serve as a set of defaults for use in all
other object definitions. Take the following example:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 5
name generichosttemplate
register 0
}
define host{
host_name bighost1
address 192.168.1.3
use generichosthosttemplate
}
define host{
host_name bighost2
address 192.168.1.4
use generichosthosttemplate
}</pre>
<p>Notice that the first host definition is incomplete because it is missing the required <span class="emphasis"><em>host_name</em></span> variable. We
don't need to supply a host name because we just want to use this definition as a generic host template. In order to prevent this
definition from being registered with Icinga as a normal host, we set the <span class="emphasis"><em>register</em></span> variable to 0.</p>
<p>The definitions of hosts <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost2</em></span> inherit their values from the generic host
definition. The only variable we've chosed to override is the <span class="emphasis"><em>address</em></span> variable. This means that both hosts will have
the exact same properties, except for their <span class="emphasis"><em>host_name</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>address</em></span> variables. Once Icinga
processes the config data in the example, the resulting host definitions would be equivalent to specifying the following:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost1
address 192.168.1.3
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 5
}
define host{
host_name bighost2
address 192.168.1.4
check_command check-host-alive
notification_options d,u,r
max_check_attempts 5
}</pre>
<p>At the very least, using a template definition for default variables will save you a lot of typing. It'll also save you a lot of
headaches later if you want to change the default values of variables for a large number of hosts.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.6. Custom Object Variables">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-customobjectvariables"></a>7.26.6. Custom Object Variables</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Any <a class="link" href="customobjectvars.html" title="3.5. Custom Object Variables">custom object variables</a> that you define in your host, service, or contact definition
templates will be inherited just like other standard variables. Take the following example:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
_customvar1 somevalue ; <-- Custom host variable
_snmp_community public ; <-- Custom host variable
name generichosttemplate
register 0
}
define host{
host_name bighost1
address 192.168.1.3
use generichosthosttemplate
}</pre>
<p>The host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> will inherit the custom host variables <span class="emphasis"><em>_customvar1</em></span> and
<span class="emphasis"><em>_snmp_community</em></span>, as well as their respective values, from the <span class="emphasis"><em>generichosttemplate</em></span> definition.
The effective result is a definition for <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> that looks like this:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost1
address 192.168.1.3
_customvar1 somevalue
_snmp_community public
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.7. Cancelling Inheritance of String Values">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-cancel_string"></a>7.26.7. Cancelling Inheritance of String Values</h3></div></div></div>
<p>In some cases you may not want your host, service, or contact definitions to inherit values of string variables from the templates
they reference. If this is the case, you can specify "<span class="bold"><strong>null</strong></span>" (without quotes) as the value of the variable
that you do not want to inherit. Take the following example:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
event_handler my-event-handler-command
name generichosttemplate
register 0
}
define host{
host_name bighost1
address 192.168.1.3
event_handler null
use generichosthosttemplate
}</pre>
<p>In this case, the host <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> will not inherit the value of the <span class="emphasis"><em>event_handler</em></span> variable
that is defined in the <span class="emphasis"><em>generichosttemplate</em></span>. The resulting effective definition of <span class="emphasis"><em>bighost1</em></span> is
the following:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name bighost1
address 192.168.1.3
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.8. Additive Inheritance of String Values">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-add_string"></a>7.26.8. Additive Inheritance of String Values</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Icinga gives preference to local variables instead of values inherited from templates. In most cases local variable values
override those that are defined in templates. In some cases it makes sense to allow Icinga to use the values of inherited
<span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> local variables together.</p>
<p>This "additive inheritance" can be accomplished by prepending the local variable value with a plus sign (<span class="bold"><strong>+</strong></span>). This features is only available for standard (non-custom) variables that contain string values. Take the
following example:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
hostgroups all-servers
name generichosttemplate
register 0
}
define host{
host_name linuxserver1
hostgroups +linux-servers,web-servers
use generichosthosttemplate
}</pre>
<p>In this case, the host <span class="emphasis"><em>linuxserver1</em></span> will append the value of its local <span class="emphasis"><em>hostgroups</em></span> variable
to that from <span class="emphasis"><em>generichosttemplate</em></span>. The resulting effective definition of <span class="emphasis"><em>linuxserver1</em></span> is the
following:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
host_name linuxserver1
hostgroups all-servers,linux-servers,web-servers
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.9. Implied Inheritance">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-implied_inheritance"></a>7.26.9. Implied Inheritance</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Normally you have to either explicitly specify the value of a required variable in an object definition or inherit it from a
template. There are a few exceptions to this rule, where Icinga will assume that you want to use a value that instead comes from a
related object. For example, the values of some service variables will be copied from the host the service is associated with if you don't
otherwise specify them.</p>
<p>The following table lists the object variables that will be implicitly inherited from related objects if you don't explicitly
specify their value in your object definition or inherit them from a template.</p>
<div class="informaltable">
<table border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="bold"><strong>Object Type</strong></span> </p></td>
<td><p> <span class="bold"><strong>Object Variable</strong></span> </p></td>
<td><p> <span class="bold"><strong>Implied Source</strong></span> </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle"><p> <span class="bold"><strong>Services</strong></span> </p></td>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>notification_interval</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>notification_interval</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>notification_period</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>notification_period</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle"><p> <span class="bold"><strong>Host Escalations</strong></span> </p></td>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>notification_interval</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>notification_interval</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>escalation_period</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>notification_period</em></span> in the associated host definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle"><p> <span class="bold"><strong>Service Escalations</strong></span> </p></td>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> in the associated service definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> in the associated service definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>notification_interval</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>notification_interval</em></span> in the associated service definition</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p> <span class="emphasis"><em>escalation_period</em></span> </p></td>
<td><p><span class="emphasis"><em>notification_period</em></span> in the associated service definition</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">
<p>These values are inherited in case of an object changing its state so "in the associated ... definition" only means the one
host/service combination failing/recovering although it is possibly to execute a service for one or more host groups.</p>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.10. Implied/Additive Inheritance in Escalations">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-implied_escalations"></a>7.26.10. Implied/Additive Inheritance in Escalations</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Service and host escalation definitions can make use of a special rule that combines the features of implied and additive
inheritance. If escalations 1) do not inherit the values of their <span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span>
directives from another escalation template and 2) their <span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> directives
begin with a plus sign (+), then the values of their corresponding host or service definition's <span class="emphasis"><em>contact_groups</em></span> or
<span class="emphasis"><em>contacts</em></span> directives will be used in the additive inheritance logic.</p>
<p>Confused? Here's an example:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define host{
name linux-server
contact_groups linux-admins
...
}
define hostescalation{
host_name linux-server
contact_groups +management
...
}</pre>
<p>This is a much simpler equivalent to:</p>
<pre class="screen"> define hostescalation{
host_name linux-server
contact_groups linux-admins,management
...
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.11. Important values">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-important_values"></a>7.26.11. Important values</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Service templates can make use of a special rule which gives precedence to their check_command value. If the check_command is
prefixed with an exclamation mark (!), then the template's check_command is marked as important and will be used over the check_command
defined for the service (this is styled after CSS syntax, which uses ! as an important attribute).</p>
<p>Why is this useful? It is mainly useful when setting a different check_command for distributed systems. You may want to set a
freshness threshold and a check_command that forces the service into a failed state, but this doesn't work with the normal templating
system. Using this important flag allows the custom check_command to be written, but a general distributed template can be used to
overrule the check_command when used on a central Icinga-erver.</p>
<p>For instance:</p>
<pre class="screen"># On master
define service {
name service-distributed
register 0
active_checks_enabled 0
check_freshness 1
check_command !set_to_stale
}
# On slave
define service {
name service-distributed
register 0
active_checks_enabled 1
}
# Service definition, used by master and slave
define service {
host_name host1
service_description serviceA
check_command check_http...
use service-distributed
...
}</pre>
<div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Please note that only one level of inheritance is possible using important values. That means that you cannot inherit the
check_command from one template to another and from the latter to a service. </p>
<pre class="programlisting"> Template1 => Service1 <== will work
Template1 => Template2 => Service1 <== will NOT work</pre>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.12. Multiple Inheritance Sources">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-multiple_templates"></a>7.26.12. Multiple Inheritance Sources</h3></div></div></div>
<p>Thus far, all examples of inheritance have shown object definitions inheriting variables/values from just a single source. You are
also able to inherit variables/values from multiple sources for more complex configurations, as shown below.</p>
<div class="informaltable">
<table border="0">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p> </p>
<pre class="screen"># Generic host template
define host{
name generic-host
active_checks_enabled 1
check_interval 10
...
register 0
}
# Development web server template
define host{
name development-server
check_interval 15
notification_options d,u,r
...
register 0
}
# Development web server
define host{
use generic-host,development-server
host_name devweb1
...
}</pre>
<p> </p>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><p> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/multiple-templates1.png"></span> </p></td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>In the example above, <span class="emphasis"><em>devweb1</em></span> is inheriting variables/values from two sources:
<span class="emphasis"><em>generic-host</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>development-server</em></span>. You'll notice that a <span class="emphasis"><em>check_interval</em></span>
variable is defined in both sources. Since <span class="emphasis"><em>generic-host</em></span> was the first template specified in
<span class="emphasis"><em>devweb1</em></span>'s <span class="emphasis"><em>use</em></span> directive, its value for the <span class="emphasis"><em>check_interval</em></span> variable is
inherited by the <span class="emphasis"><em>devweb1</em></span> host. After inheritance, the effective definition of <span class="emphasis"><em>devweb1</em></span> would be
as follows:</p>
<pre class="screen"># Development web server
define host{
host_name devweb1
active_checks_enabled 1
check_interval 10
notification_options d,u,r
...
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" title="7.26.13. Precedence With Multiple Inheritance Sources">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="objectinheritance-multipleinheritancesources"></a>7.26.13. Precedence With Multiple Inheritance Sources</h3></div></div></div>
<p>When you use multiple inheritance sources, it is important to know how Icinga handles variables that are defined in multiple
sources. In these cases Icinga will use the variable/value from the first source that is specified in the <span class="emphasis"><em>use</em></span>
directive. Since inheritance sources can themselves inherit variables/values from one or more other sources, it can get tricky to figure
out what variable/value pairs take precedence.</p>
<div class="informaltable">
<table border="0">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p> Consider the following host definition that references three templates:</p> <pre class="screen"> # Development web server
define host{
use 1, 4, 8
host_name devweb1 ...
} </pre> <p>If some of those referenced templates themselves inherit variables/values from one or more other templates, the
precendence rules are shown to the right.</p> <p>Testing, trial, and error will help you better understand exactly how
things work in complex inheritance situations like this. :-)</p>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><p> <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/multiple-templates2.png"></span> </p></td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
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