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</g><text style="font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;stroke:none;fill-opacity:1.0000000;fill:#ffffff;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr-tb;font-stretch:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:7.0000000" x="176.24451" y="18.25828" id="text1920" transform="scale(1.130730,1.130730)"><tspan id="tspan1668" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0" style="letter-spacing:2.1813099;fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1.0000000">::基础</tspan></text>
<!--Author: 作者：bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net-->
<rect id="d0e15" width="264" height="1000px" x="35" y="36" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:7.2;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;line-height:150%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e15" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">本教程描述了Inkscape的基本操作方法。本文档以Inkscape的通用文件格式保存，你可以用Inkscape进行查看、复制、编辑、保存等操作。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e18" width="264" height="1000px" x="35" y="61.07818" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:7.2;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;line-height:150%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e18" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">该教程的主要内容包括：画布浏览、文档管理、形状工具基础，图形选取、变形，群组、填充与轮廓、对齐和叠放。对更复杂的操作，请在帮助菜单中选择其它相关教程。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="115.07739900000001"><tspan x="10" y="115.07739900000001">平移画布</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e27" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="119.977399" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e27" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">平移画布(卷屏)的方法有很多种。使用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+arrow</flowSpan>键可以用键盘卷屏。(你可以尝试这些按键来卷动本文档。) 也可以通过鼠标中键来拖动画布，或者使用屏幕边缘的滚动条(使用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+B</flowSpan>来显示或隐藏滚动条)。鼠标滚轮<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">wheel</flowSpan>可以上下卷动画布，按住<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan>键，配合滚轮则可以水平卷动。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="187.144751"><tspan x="10" y="187.144751">放大与缩小</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e48" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="192.04475100000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e48" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">最简单的缩放操作是通过<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">-</flowSpan>和<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">+</flowSpan>（或<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">=</flowSpan>）键。也可以通过<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+middle click</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+right click</flowSpan>来放大，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+middle click</flowSpan> 或 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+right click</flowSpan> 来缩小画布。也可以用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>键配合鼠标滚轮来缩放。或者在窗口右下角的缩放输入框中输入一个准确的百分比数值。在工具栏中也有缩放按钮，可以缩放到用户选定的区域（对象）。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e75" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="257.10402600000003" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e75" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape还会记录当前工作会话中使用的缩放历史，按<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">`</flowSpan>键回到上一次的缩放比例，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+`</flowSpan>键来恢复撤销的缩放比例。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="300.59678900000006"><tspan x="10" y="300.59678900000006">Inkscape工具列</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e90" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="305.49678900000004" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e90" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中的绘图和修改工具集中在左侧的竖直工具列中。在窗口的上方，菜单下面是<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">命令栏(Commands bar)</flowSpan>，提供了通用的一些控制命令，下面的<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">工具控制栏(Tool Controls bar)</flowSpan>则跟具体的绘图工具有关。窗口底部的<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">状态栏(status bar)</flowSpan>则实时显示一些操作提示和信息。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e102" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="359.49480500000004" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e102" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">很多操作都有对应的快捷键,在帮助菜单中选择 鼠标与快捷键(Help > Keys and Mouse)获取详细的说明。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="403.41823200000005"><tspan x="10" y="403.41823200000005">创建和管理文档</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e111" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="408.318232" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e111" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择菜单<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">文件File > 新建New</flowSpan>，或使用快捷键<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+N</flowSpan>新建文档。选择菜单<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">文件File > 打开Open</flowSpan> (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+O</flowSpan>)打开已有文档。选择菜单<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">文件File > 保存Save</flowSpan> (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+S</flowSpan>)来保存文件。或者选择菜单<flowSpan style="font-family:sans serif">文件File > 另存为Save As</flowSpan> (<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+S</flowSpan>)将当前文件以不同的文件名保存。（Inkscape可能有时不够稳定，切记经常保存！）</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e138" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="473.83772100000004" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e138" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape使用SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics可缩放矢量图形)文件格式。 SVG是一种被各种绘图软件广泛支持的开放文件标准。SVG文件是基于XML的，可以用任何文本和XML编辑器来编辑(Inkscape不属于这种文本编辑器)。除SVG外，Inkscape也可以导入和导出其它一些文件格式(EPS,PNG等)。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e141" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="539.632015" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e141" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape为每个文档打开一个独立的窗口。你可以用操作系统中的窗口管理器来在各个窗口间切换(例如<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+Tab</flowSpan>键)，也可以使用Inkscape中内置的快捷键<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+Tab</flowSpan>在文档间循环切换。(现在可以新建一个文档，尝试在本文档和新文档间切换。) 注意：Inkscape将这些窗口看成类似于浏览器的标签页Tabs，即<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+Tab</flowSpan>只对同一个进程中的文档有效。如果你从文件管理器或Inkscape图标打开多个进程，这个快捷键将无效。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="631.3106720000001"><tspan x="10" y="631.3106720000001">创建形状</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e159" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="636.210672" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e159" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">下面我们开始创建一些很漂亮的图形！在工具列中选择矩形工具(Rectangle)(快捷键<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">F4</flowSpan>),在(本文档或新文档的)绘图区中点击、拖动： </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e191" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="857.608188" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e191" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这些工具统称为形状工具<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">shape tools</flowSpan>。 新创建的每一个形状上都有一个或更多四边形的控制器(<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">handles</flowSpan>)； 试一下拖动这些控制器会产生什么样的效果。在工具控制栏中也可以对形状进行修改。工具控制栏只对当前选中的形状有效(显示出四边形控制器的)，但同时也会成为当前形状工具的缺省参数，影响下次创建的图形。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e200" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="922.914396" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e200" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">按键<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>可以<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">撤销(undo)</flowSpan>上一次操作。(如果你又改变注意了，可以用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+Z</flowSpan>来<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">恢复(redo)</flowSpan>撤销的操作。) </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="966.854229"><tspan x="10" y="966.854229">移动、缩放和旋转</tspan></text> <rect id="d0e221" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="971.754229" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e221" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中最常用的工具是<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">拾取器(Selector)</flowSpan>，位于工具列的顶端(箭头形状)，对应快捷键<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">F1</flowSpan> 或者 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">空格(Space)</flowSpan>。现在你可以选择当前画布上的任何对象。请点击下面的矩形。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e243" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1073.462272" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e243" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">可以看到，选择对象的周围出现八个带箭头的控制器。下面你可以：</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1097.5341466)"/><rect id="d0e250" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1091.5341466" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e250" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过拖动来<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">移动</flowSpan>对象。(按下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>来进行水平或竖直移动。) </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1116.020279)"/><rect id="d0e262" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1110.020279" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e262" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过拖动任意的控制器来<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">缩放</flowSpan>。(按下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>以保持原始的宽度-高度比例。)</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e272" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1140.360112" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e272" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">再次在矩形上单击，控制器会发生变化，现在你可以： </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1164.4237835000001)"/><rect id="d0e279" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1158.4237835000001" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e279" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">拖动对象角落上的控制器来<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">旋转</flowSpan>。(按下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>以保持旋转的角度为15度的整数倍。) </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="2" transform="translate(15, 1194.7636165000001)"/><rect id="d0e291" width="258" height="1000px" x="20" y="1188.7636165000001" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e291" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">拖动中间的控制器来<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">扭曲(倾斜)</flowSpan>对象。按下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>以保持扭曲的角度为15度的整数倍。) </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e301" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1219.1034495000001" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e301" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在选择状态，也可以在工具控制栏(画布的上方)的输入框中输入数字，精确地控制对象的位置坐标(x,y)和尺寸(宽度W,高度H)。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="1263.5846885"><tspan x="10" y="1263.5846885">通过键盘变换</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e310" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1268.4846885000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e310" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape区别于大多数其它矢量绘图软件的一个特征是键盘操作的便捷性。几乎所有的命令都可以通过键盘实现，变换操作也不例外。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e313" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1298.3938575000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e313" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">你可以用键盘来对编辑对象进行移动(<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">arrow</flowSpan> 光标键)，缩放(<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold"><</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">></flowSpan> 键)，以及旋转(<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">[</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">]</flowSpan> 键)。缺省情况下，每次移动和缩放2px，按下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan>键时扩大为10倍。<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+></flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+<</flowSpan> 对应的缩放比例分别为原始的200%和50%。缺省每次旋转 15 度，通过<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl</flowSpan>键，每次可以旋转90度。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e343" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1351.9612095000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e343" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">可能更有用的是<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">像素级别的变换(pixel-size transformations)</flowSpan>, 实现的方法是，在上面的快捷键基础上配合<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt</flowSpan>键。例如<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+arrows</flowSpan>可以在<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">当前的页面视图层次上</flowSpan>每次移动一个像素(这里是指一个<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">屏幕像素</flowSpan>的距离， 而不是SVG中的与视图缩放级别无关的长度单位px)。这意味着，如果放大视图，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+arrow</flowSpan>移动一个像素的绝对距离将<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">缩短</flowSpan>。这样，通过缩放视图，就可以任意控制对象的定位精度。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e367" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1429.0469105000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e367" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">与此类似，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+></flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+<</flowSpan> 将选择对象每次缩放一个像素， <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+[</flowSpan> 和 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Alt+]</flowSpan> 旋转对象时，距离旋转中心最远的位置每次移动一个像素。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e382" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1459.1611575000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e382" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">注意：在Linux操作系统中，这些组合键可能在窗口管理器中被指定了其它的用途，执行上述操作时可能不能获得预期的结果。解决的方法当然是相应地修改窗口管理器的配置。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="1513.7520915"><tspan x="10" y="1513.7520915">多选</tspan></text> <rect id="d0e391" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1518.6520915" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e391" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">通过<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+click</flowSpan>，可以连续选择多个绘图对象，或者，用鼠标左键拖出一个框来选中框内所有对象，这个也称为<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">弹性区选(rubberband selection)</flowSpan>。(从空白处开始拖动时将创建弹性选区，如果在拖动之前先按下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift</flowSpan>，则总是创建弹性选区。) 请尝试选择下面的三个形状： </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="1821.245415"><tspan x="10" y="1821.245415">群组</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e456" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1826.1454150000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e456" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">若干个绘图对象可以组合为一个<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">群组group</flowSpan>。群组可以像普通绘图对象一样进行移动或变换。下图中，左边的三个图形是互相独立的，而右边的三个图形是组合在一起的。试着拖动这个群组看看。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e472" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="1952.6389820000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e472" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择一个或多个对象后，按<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+G</flowSpan>可以将它们组合在一起。选中一个或多个群组后，按<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>可以解散组合。群组也可以再次组合，并且群组的嵌套层数没有限制。不过<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>只能打开最顶层的群组，对于嵌套群组需要多次<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+U</flowSpan>才能完全打散组合。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e487" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2005.9965860000002" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e487" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">实际上你可以直接修改群组内的对象而不用取消组合。使用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+click</flowSpan>就可以单独选中群组内的一个对象，进行编辑；使用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+click</flowSpan>则可以选中群组内或群组外的多个对象。不需要解散群组，请试着对上图右面群组中的形状进行单独的移动、变换。然后再选中群组，可以看到这种组合关系仍然存在。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="2083.4897960000003"><tspan x="10" y="2083.4897960000003">填充与轮廓</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e502" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2088.3897960000004" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e502" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape中的许多功能都借助于<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">对话框</flowSpan>的形式。为绘图添加一些色彩的最简单的方法是打开视图View菜单中的调色板Swatches对话框(快捷键<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+W</flowSpan>)，然后为对象选择一种(填充)颜色。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e511" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2130.5177040000003" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e511" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">更强大的工具是对象Object菜单中的填充与轮廓对话框 (或者按 <flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Ctrl+F</flowSpan>)。选中下面的形状，然后打开填充与轮廓对话框。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e530" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2214.783605" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e530" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这个对话框中有三个标签面板：填充Fill、轮廓色彩(Stroke paint)和轮廓样式(Stroke style)。填充属性可以修改对象的<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">内部fill</flowSpan> 。下面的按钮可以设置填充的类型，包括不填充(图标X)，单色flat color填充，以及渐变(gradients,线性或圆周)填充。对于上面的椭圆，单色填充的按钮是激活的。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e536" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2269.323027" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e536" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">这些按钮的下面，是<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">色彩拾取器color pickers</flowSpan>，有四种不同的方式：RGB, CMYK, HSL,色盘Wheel。可能最方便是通过色盘来选择，旋转其中的三角形来选择色调，在三角形内可以拾取不同的明暗度。四中拾取方式中都包含一个滑动条来设置对象的透明度(opacity)，即<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">alpha</flowSpan>值。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e545" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2323.172544" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e545" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择不同的对象时，色彩拾取器总是自动更新，对应当前对象的填充和笔廓。(选择多个对象时，将显示色彩的<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">平均值</flowSpan>) 。在下面的例子上做一下练习，或者自己创建图形： </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e561" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2419.856431" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e561" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">在轮廓色彩Stroke paint标签中，可以删除<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">轮廓线stroke</flowSpan>，也可以任意为其指定颜色和透明度： </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e577" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2504.223351" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e577" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">最后一个标签面板，轮廓样式(Stroke style)中，可以设置轮廓的宽度以及其它参数： </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e606" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2685.4882350000003" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e606" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">当从单色填充切换到梯度填充时，颜色仍然是前面单色填充时的颜色，不同的是透明度从不透明渐变到完全透明。 选择工具列中的渐变工具(Gradient tool,<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Ctrl+F1</flowSpan>)，对象上将会显示出(用线连接在一起的)渐变控制器，拖动<flowSpan style="font-style:italic">渐变控制器(gradient handles)</flowSpan>，可以改变色彩梯度的方向和范围。选中某个控制器时(该控制器呈现蓝色)，可以在填充和轮廓中为该控制器单独设置色彩，实现从一种颜色到另一种颜色的渐变。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
<rect id="d0e615" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="2762.07308" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e615" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">还有一种改变对象色彩的简便方法是使用滴管工具(Dropper tool,<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">F7</flowSpan>)。选择对象后，再选择该工具，然后可以在绘图中单击<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">click</flowSpan>任意拾取色彩，这种色彩将自动指定给被选择对象的填充属性(使用<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+click</flowSpan></flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="2817.813104"><tspan x="10" y="2817.813104">再制、对齐和分布</tspan></text>
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id="basic-f13-zh_CN.svgpath1689" d="M 248.88235,52.510887 C 248.88235,53.351187 248.77656,54.181387 249.61913,54.972287" style="font-size:12.000000;fill:none;fill-opacity:0.75000000;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.36291499pt"/>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="3062.157452"><tspan x="10" y="3062.157452">叠放次序Z-order</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e676" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3067.057452" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e676" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan style="font-style:italic">z-order</flowSpan>指的是绘图中对象的叠放次序，例如，某个对象在最上层，盖住了其它的对象。对象(Object)菜单中的两个命令，置顶(Raise to Top,对应<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Home</flowSpan>键)与置底(Lower to Botton,<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">End</flowSpan>键)，将使所选对象置于当前图层叠放次序(Z方向)的顶部或底部。另外两个命令上升(Raise，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">PgUp</flowSpan>键)与下降(Lower，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">PgDn</flowSpan>键)，将使被选择对象上升或下将一个位次，例如，可以将当前对象移动到它上面一个图形的上面。(如果所选对象与其它对象都不重叠，上移和下移分别等同于置顶和置底。) </flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<rect id="d0e706" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3258.433414" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e706" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">选择叠放的对象时，一个很方便的快捷键是<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Tab</flowSpan>。如果没有选择任何对象，按<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Tab</flowSpan>将会选择最底层的对象；有对象被选中时，将选择其上的对象。<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan>的选择方向则相反，从最顶层开始，往底层逐次选择。默认的叠放次序与图形创建的次序是一样的，所以没有选择对象时，<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan>总是选择刚创建的图形。在上面的叠放椭圆中可以练习一下<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Tab</flowSpan>和<flowSpan style="font-weight:bold">Shift+Tab</flowSpan>的选择。 </flowDiv></flowRoot>
<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="3337.224023"><tspan x="10" y="3337.224023">选择下面的对象并移动</tspan></text>
<rect id="d0e733" width="288" height="1000px" x="10" y="3342.1240230000003" style="display:none"/><flowRoot style="font-size:8.4;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:133.00000%;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Serif"><flowRegion><use xlink:href="#d0e733" y="0" x="0"/></flowRegion><flowDiv xml:space="preserve">如果一个对象完全被另一个对象盖住了，该怎么选择呢？如果上面的图形是透明的，你虽然可以看到下面的对象，但点击时选中的却是上面的图形。</flowDiv></flowRoot>
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<text style="font-size:8.5;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1.0000000;stroke:none;font-family:Bitstream Vera Sans;text-anchor:start;writing-mode:lr" x="10" y="3640.0330355000006"><tspan x="10" y="3640.0330355000006">总结</tspan></text>
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