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<tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813" fill="#ffffff" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0">::RUDIMENTS DE DESIGN</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ce didacticiel présente des rudiments et des principes de conception graphique qui sont habituellement enseignés aux étudiants débutant en art afin de comprendre les différentes notions impliquées dans une création. Cette liste n'est pas exhaustive, aussi n'hésitez pas à enrichir ce didacticiel (en ajoutant, supprimant, combinant des paragraphes) pour le rendre plus complet.</flowDiv>
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<text id="elements-f01-fr.svgtext1809" font-weight="bold" fill-opacity=".21476" sodipodi:linespacing="100.00000%" transform="translate(10 127.26)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="100.00000%" font-size="10" y="12.44677" x="12.456144" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" font-family="sans-serif" fill="#000000"><tspan id="elements-f01-fr.svgtspan1803" sodipodi:role="line" fill-opacity=".21476" dx="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0" dy="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0" y="12.446770" x="12.456144" fill="#000000">Vue d'ensemble</tspan></text>
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<tspan y="320.139746" x="10">Rudiments de design</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les éléments suivants constituent les blocs constitutifs de la conception graphique.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="366.155528" x="10">Ligne</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Une ligne est définie comme une marque avec une longueur et une direction, créée par un point se déplaçant sur une surface. Une ligne peut varier en longueur, en épaisseur, en direction, en courbure et en couleur. Une ligne peut être bidimensionnelle (un trait de crayon sur du papier) ou tridimensionnelle.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="565.770109" x="10">Forme</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Une forme est créée par la rencontre ou l'intersection de signes entourant un espace. Une variation de couleur ou une ombre peuvent définir une forme. Les formes peuvent être classées en deux catégories : géométriques (un carré, un triangle, un cercle) et organiques (contour irrégulier).</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="765.497972" x="10">Taille</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La taille se réfère aux proportions des objets, lignes ou formes. Les variations de taille entre des objets peuvent être réelles ou imaginaires.</flowDiv>
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<text id="elements-f04-fr.svgtext3148" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="bold" sodipodi:linespacing="100.00000%" transform="translate(10 818.45) scale(.99998 1)" xml:space="preserve" line-height="100.00000%" font-size="122.3" y="95.748199" x="76.186218" stroke-width="3pt" fill="#000000"><tspan id="elements-f04-fr.svgtspan3149" sodipodi:role="line" dx="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0" dy="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0" y="95.748199" x="76.186218" fill="#000000">GRAND</tspan></text>
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<tspan y="943.945834" x="10">Espace</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">L'espace est l'aire vide (ou ouverte) entre, autour, au-dessus, en dessous, devant ou dans des objets. Les formes peuvent être définies par l'espace qu'elles contiennent et qui les entoure. L'espace est souvent qualifié de tri ou bidimensionnel. L'espace positif est celui rempli par une forme. L'espace négatif est celui qui entoure une forme.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="1152.329321" x="10">Couleur</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La couleur est la perception que l'on a d'une surface d'après la longueur d'onde de la lumière qu'elle reflète. La couleur a trois composantes : une <flowSpan font-style="italic">teinte</flowSpan> (un autre mot pour couleur, indiquée par des mots comme rouge ou jaune), une <flowSpan font-style="italic">saturation</flowSpan> (éclatante ou terne), une <flowSpan font-style="italic">luminosité</flowSpan> (claire ou sombre).</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La texture est associée au toucher (texture réelle) d'une surface ou à la façon dont elle rend visuellement (texture visuelle). Une texture peut être décrite par des qualificatifs tels que rude, soyeuse ou rocailleuse.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La luminosité représente le niveau de clarté ou d'obscurité d'une chose. La modification de luminosité d'une couleur peut être obtenue en y adjoignant du blanc ou du noir. Le clair-obscur se sert de variations de luminosité pour faire contraster dramatiquement des zones claires et sombres dans une composition. Notez que la luminosité est parfois appelée valeur par les peintres.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="1749.9965029999996" x="10">Principes de design</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Les principes combinent les éléments de design pour produire une composition.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="1795.8990029999998" x="10">Équilibre</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">L'équilibre est une impression visuelle de parité dans la forme, la valeur, la couleur… L'équilibre peut être symétrique (équilibré) ou asymétrique (déséquilibré). Les objets, luminosités, couleurs, textures, formes, etc. peuvent être mis à contribution pour créer un équilibre dans une composition.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="1995.5135839999998" x="10">Contraste</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Le contraste est la juxtaposition d'éléments qui s'opposent.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2152.6814452" x="10">Emphase</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">L'emphase est utilisée pour accentuer certaines parties d'une œuvre et attirer l'attention. Le centre d'intérêt ou le point focal est l'endroit qui attire l'œil en premier.</flowDiv>
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<tspan y="2331.0160262" x="10">Proportion</tspan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La proportion décrit la taille, l'emplacement ou la quantité d'une chose comparativement à une autre.</flowDiv>
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<text id="elements-f12-fr.svgtext1232" font-family="sans-serif" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10 2373.2)" font-size="5.1805" y="109.55157" x="7.0871472" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" stroke-width="1pt"><tspan id="elements-f12-fr.svgtspan1233">Fourmi & 4×4 au hasard</tspan></text>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Un motif est créé par la répétition d'un élément (ligne, forme ou couleur) encore et encore.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Une gradation de taille et de direction produit une perspective linéaire. Une gradation de couleur, chaud vers froid et tonique ou de sombre à clair, produit une perspective aérienne. La gradation peut ajouter de l'intérêt et du mouvement à une forme. Une gradation de l'obscur vers le clair peut guider le regard le long d'une forme.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">La combinaison de différents éléments pour former un tout.</flowDiv>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="sans-serif">http://www.makart.com/resources/artclass/EPlist.html</flowSpan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve"><flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="sans-serif">http://digital-web.com/articles/elements_of_design/</flowSpan>
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<flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Remerciements particuliers à Linda Kim (<flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="sans-serif">http://www.coroflot.com/redlucite/</flowSpan>) qui m'a (<flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="sans-serif">http://www.rejon.org/</flowSpan>) bien aidé sur ce didacticiel. Merci également à la bibliothèque Open Clip Art (<flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="sans-serif">http://www.openclipart.org/</flowSpan>) et aux personnes qui ont soumis des dessins pour ce projet.</flowDiv>
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