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<title>Ipe Manual -- 2 About Ipe files</title>
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<table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=2><tr><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_3.html"><img border="0" alt="3 Command line options, auxiliary programs, and environment variables" src="next.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual.html"><img border="0" alt="Top" src="up.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_1.html"><img border="0" alt="1 Introduction" src="previous.png"></a></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" width="100%"><b>2 About Ipe files</b></td></tr></table>
<h1>2 About Ipe files</h1>
<p>Ipe 6.0 creates (Encapsulated) Postscript or PDF files. These files
can be used in any way that PDF or Postscript files are used, such as
viewed with Ghostview, with Acrobat Reader or Xpdf, edited with
Acrobat, or included in Latex/Pdflatex documents. However, Ipe cannot
read arbitrary Postscript or PDF files, only files it has created
itself. This is because files created by Ipe contain a special hidden
stream that describes the Ipe objects. (So if you edit your
Ipe-generated PDF file in a different program such as Adobe Acrobat,
Ipe will not be able to read the file again afterwards.)
<p>You decide in what format to store a figure when saving it for the
first time. Ipe gives you the option of saving with extensions "eps"
(Encapsulated Postscript), "ps" (Postscript), "pdf" (PDF), and
"xml" (XML). Note that only documents of a single page can be
stored in Encapsulated Postscript format, as this format doesn't
support multi-page documents. Files saved with extension "xml"
are--obviously--XML files and contain no Postscript of PDF
information. The precise XML format used by Ipe is documented
<a href="manual_35.html">later in this manual</a>. XML files can be read by any
XML-aware parser, and it is easy for other programs to generate XML
output to be read by Ipe. You probably don't want to keep your
figures in XML format, but it is excellent for communicating with
other programs, and for converting figures between programs.
<p><hr />
<p>There are perhaps two major uses for Ipe documents. The first is for
inclusion into Latex documents, the second is for making
presentations. There isn't much to be said about the second use: You
create a PDF file with Ipe, and either print it on transparencies or
present it using a laptop with Acrobat Reader. You should read the
section on <a href="manual_29.html">page views</a> if you
plan to make on-line presentations, as Ipe now allows you to create
pages that are displayed incrementally in Acrobat Reader.
<p>So let's concentrate on the first and original use of Ipe documents,
inclusion in Latex documents. Most Latex installations support the
inclusion of figures in Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) format (the
"Encapsulated" means that there is only a single Postscript page and
that it contains a bounding box of the figure).
<p>The standard way of including EPS figures is using the <code>graphicx</code>
package. If you are not familiar with it, here is a quick overview.
In the preamble of your document, add the declaration:
<pre>
\usepackage{graphicx}
</pre>
One useful attribute to this declaration is <code>draft</code>, which stops
LaTeX from actually including the figures--instead, a rectangle
with the figure filename is shown:
<pre>
\usepackage[draft]{graphicx}
</pre>
<p>To include the figure "figure1.eps", you use the command:
<pre>
\includegraphics{figs/figure1}
</pre>
Note that it is common <em>not</em> to specify the file extension
".eps". The command <code>\includegraphics</code> has various options to
scale and rotate the figure. For instance, to scale the same figure
to 50%, use:
<pre>
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{figs/figure1}
</pre>
To scale such that the width of the figure becomes 5 cm:
<pre>
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{figs/figure1}
</pre>
Instead, one can specify the required height with <code>height</code>.
<p>Here is an example that scales a figure to 200% and rotates it by
45 degrees counter-clockwise. Note that the scale argument should be
given <em>before</em> the <code>angle</code> argument.
<pre>
\includegraphics[scale=2,angle=45]{figs/figure1}
</pre>
<p>Let's stress once again that these commands are the standard commands
for including EPS files in a LaTeX document. Unlike in previous
versions of Ipe, Ipe files neither require nor support any special
treatment.<sup><a href="manual_44.html#id1">1</a></sup> If you are used to other commands
for EPS inclusion, such as the old-fashioned <code>epsfig</code>
package,<sup><a href="manual_44.html#id2">2</a></sup>
you can use them as well for Ipe figures. If you want to know more
about the LaTeX packages for including graphics and producing
colour, check the <code>grfguide.tex</code> document that is probably
somewhere in your TeX installation.
<p><hr />
<p>If you are a user of Pdflatex (a version of Latex that produces PDF
instead of DVI output), you cannot include EPS files. Instead, save
your Ipe figures in PDF format, and include them in the way described
above.
<p>Unfortunately, versions of Pdflatex earlier than 1.10 have a problem
including PDF figures. Each page of a PDF document can carry several
"bounding boxes", such as the <em>MediaBox</em> (which indicates the
paper size), the <em>CropBox</em> (which indicates how the paper will by
cut), or the <em>ArtBox</em> (which indicates the extent of the actual
contents of the page). Ipe automatically saves, for each page, the
paper size in the <em>MediaBox</em>, and a bounding box for the drawing
in the <em>ArtBox</em>. Versions of Pdflatex earlier than 1.10,
however, look at the <em>CropBox</em>, or, if the <em>CropBox</em> is not
set, the <em>MediaBox</em>. To include PDF figures using an earlier
Pdflatex-version, you therefore have to instruct Ipe to include a
<em>CropBox</em> by ticking the <em>Use CropBox</em> checkbox in the
<em>Document properties</em> (in the <em>Edit</em> menu). (This is
currently the default for new documents. The only disadvantage is that
Acrobat Reader will not display full pages in documents saved with
this option, so when making PDF presentations you probably want to
untick this option.)
<p>If you have Pdflatex 1.10 or higher, you can also solve the problem by
including this line in the preamble:
<pre>
\expandafter\ifx\csname pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox\endcsname\relax\else
\pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox5
\fi
</pre>
(Note that this will simply be ignored if you are using normal
LaTeX or an older version of Pdflatex.)
<p>You can save all your figures in both EPS and PDF format, so that you
can run both Latex and Pdflatex on your document--when including
figures, Latex will look for the EPS variant, while Pdflatex will look
for the PDF variant. (Here it comes in handy that you didn't specify
the file extension in the <code>\includegraphics</code> command.)
<p>You may find it cumbersome to save an Ipe figure in both formats each
time you modify it. If so, you can always save in, say, EPS format,
and automate the conversion to PDF by writing a shell script or batch
file that calls <a href="manual_3.html">ipetoipe</a> to do the conversion.
<p><hr />
<p>On the other hand, if you <em>only</em> use Pdflatex, you might opt to
exploit a feature of Pdflatex: You can keep all the figures for a
document in a single, multi-page Ipe document, with one figure per
page. You can then include the figures one by one into your document
by using the <code>page</code> argument of <code>\includegraphics</code>.
<p>For example, to include page 3 from the PDF file "figures.pdf"
containing several figures, you could use
<pre>
\includegraphics[page=3]{figs/figures}
</pre>
<hr />
<table width="100%" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=2><tr><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_3.html"><img border="0" alt="3 Command line options, auxiliary programs, and environment variables" src="next.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual.html"><img border="0" alt="Top" src="up.png"></a></td><td bgcolor="#99ccff"><a href="manual_1.html"><img border="0" alt="1 Introduction" src="previous.png"></a></td><td align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" width="100%"><b>2 About Ipe files</b></td></tr></table></body></html>
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