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<body>
<div class="document" id="kmk-quick-reference">
<h1 class="title">kmk Quick Reference</h1>
<p>This is an attempt at summarizing all directives, functions, special variables,
special targets, built-in commands, external commands, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expressions.
Since <em>all</em> the features are included, the quickness of this reference can be
disputed. ;-)</p>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="directives" name="directives">Directives</a></h1>
<p>Here is a summary of the directives <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> recognizes:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Define a multi-line, recursively-expanded variable:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
define variable
endef
</pre>
<p>Conditionally evaluate part of the makefile:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
ifdef variable
ifndef variable
ifeq (a,b)
ifeq &quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot;
ifeq 'a' 'b'
ifneq (a,b)
ifneq &quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot;
ifneq 'a' 'b'
if1of (set-a,set-b)             [1]
ifn1of (set-a,set-b)            [1]
if expression                   [1]
else
endif
</pre>
<p>Include another makefile:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
include file
-include file
sinclude file
</pre>
<p>Include another dependency file <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id1" name="id1">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
includedep file
</pre>
<p>Define a variable, overriding any previous definition, even one from the
command line:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
override variable = value
override variable := value
override variable += value
override variable &lt;= value      [1]
override variable ?= value
override define variable
endef
</pre>
<p>Tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> to export all variables to child processes by default:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
export
</pre>
<p>Tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> whether or not to export a particular variable to child
processes:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
export variable
export variable = value
export variable := value
export variable += value
export variable &lt;= value        [1]
export variable ?= value
unexport variable
</pre>
<p>Define a variable in the local context instead of the global one <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id2" name="id2">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
local variable = value
local variable := value
local variable += value
local variable &lt;= value
local variable ?= value
local define variable
endef
</pre>
<p>Specify a search path for files matching a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt> pattern:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
vpath pattern path
</pre>
<p>Remove all search paths previously specified for pattern:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
vpath pattern
</pre>
<p>Remove all search paths previously specified in any vpath directive:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
vpath
</pre>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="automatic-variables" name="automatic-variables">Automatic variables</a></h1>
<p>Here is a summary of the automatic variables.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="14%" />
<col width="86%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt></td>
<td>The file name of the target.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt></td>
<td>The name of the first prerequisite.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt></td>
<td>The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the
target, with spaces between them.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$^</span></tt></td>
<td>The names of all the prerequisites, duplicates omitted.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt></td>
<td>The names of all the prerequisites, duplicates and order
preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt></td>
<td>The stem with which an implicit rule matches.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt></td>
<td>The name of all the order only prerequisites.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&#64;D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&lt;D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(?D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(^D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%^</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(+D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(*D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(|D)</span></tt></td>
<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&#64;F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&lt;F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(?F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(^F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$^</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(+F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(*F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(|F)</span></tt></td>
<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="special-variables" name="special-variables">Special variables</a></h1>
<p>All variables starting with a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> is reserved by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. The following
variables are specially used or/and defined by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="34%" />
<col width="66%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DEFAULT_GOAL</span></tt></td>
<td>The makefile default goal. You can set this in
the makefile, if you don't it will default to
the first target that is encountered.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.FEATURES</span></tt></td>
<td>List of GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> features. Do not set this.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.INCLUDE_DIRS</span></tt></td>
<td>List of include directories, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-I</span></tt> arguments
and defaults. Do not set this.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.RECIPEPREFIX</span></tt></td>
<td>Recipe prefix, defaults to tab.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.VARIABLES</span></tt></td>
<td>Special variable which exands to the list of
variable. Do not set this.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CURDIR</span></tt></td>
<td>Set to the pathname of the current working
directory (after all <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-C</span></tt> options are
processed, if any). Do not set this.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_MINOR</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_PATCH</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_KMK_REVISION</span></tt></td>
<td>The kBuild version string and the break down
into individual components. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id3" name="id3">[1]</a></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id4" name="id4">[1]</a></td>
<td>The host operating system.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST_ARCH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id5" name="id5">[1]</a></td>
<td>The host architecture.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST_CPU</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id6" name="id6">[1]</a></td>
<td>The host CPU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> is built for, set to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">blend</span></tt> if not any particular CPU.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_PATH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id7" name="id7">[1]</a></td>
<td>Where the kBuild scripts are.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_BIN_PATH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id8" name="id8">[1]</a></td>
<td>Where the host specific kBuild binaries are.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id9" name="id9">[1]</a>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKE</span></tt></td>
<td>The name with which <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> was invoked. Using
this variable in recipes has special meaning.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_BUILTIN</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id10" name="id10">[1]</a></td>
<td>List of built-in commands.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FEATURES</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id11" name="id11">[1]</a></td>
<td>List of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> specific features.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FLAGS</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id12" name="id12">[1]</a></td>
<td><p class="first">The flags given to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. You can set this in
the environment or a makefile to set flags.</p>
<p class="last">It is never appropriate to use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FLAGS</span></tt>
directly in a recipe line: its contents may not
be quoted correctly for use in the shell. Always
allow recursive <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>'s to obtain these values
through the environment from its parent.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_LEVEL</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id13" name="id13">[1]</a></td>
<td>The number of levels of recursion (sub-makes).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_VERSION</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id14" name="id14">[1]</a></td>
<td>The GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> version number.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKECMDGOALS</span></tt></td>
<td>The targets given to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> on the command line.
Do not set this.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEFILES</span></tt></td>
<td>Makefiles to be read on every invocation of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEFILE_LIST</span></tt></td>
<td>List of the makefiles that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> has opened.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKESHELL</span></tt></td>
<td>OS/2 and MS-DOS only, the name of the command
interpreter that is to be used by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. This
value takes precedence over the value of SHELL.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SHELL</span></tt></td>
<td>The name of the default command interpreter,
kmk_ash. You can set SHELL in the makefile to
change the shell used to run recipes. The SHELL
variable is handled specially when importing
from and exporting to the environment.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUFFIXES</span></tt></td>
<td>The default list of suffixes before <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>
reads any makefiles (always empty).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VPATH</span></tt></td>
<td>Directory search path for files not found in the
current directory.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The following variables reflects <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> options. Do not set these. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id15" name="id15">[1]</a></p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="49%" />
<col width="51%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_JOBS</span></tt></td>
<td>-j slots, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_KEEP_GOING</span></tt></td>
<td>-k indictor (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_JUST_PRINT</span></tt></td>
<td>-n indicator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRORITY</span></tt></td>
<td>--priority level, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_AFFINITY</span></tt></td>
<td>--affinity mask, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_STATISTICS</span></tt></td>
<td>--statistics indicator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRINT_TIME</span></tt></td>
<td>The --print-time value.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRETTY_COMMAND_PRINTING</span></tt></td>
<td>--pretty-command-printing indicator.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="special-targets" name="special-targets">Special Targets</a></h1>
<p>Certain names have special meanings if they appear as targets.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="41%" />
<col width="59%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Target</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DEFAULT</span></tt></td>
<td>The recipe is used for any target for which
no rules are found.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DELETE_ON_ERROR</span></tt></td>
<td>If mentioned, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will delete the
targets of a rule if it has changed and its
recipe fails or is interrupted.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES</span></tt></td>
<td>If mentioned, all variables will by default
be exported to child processes.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.IGNORE</span></tt></td>
<td>Ignore errors in the execution of the recipe
for the targets <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.IGNORE</span></tt> depends on, if
no prequisites all targets are affected.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.INTERMEDIATE</span></tt></td>
<td>The prerequisites are treated as
intermediate files (implicite rules).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME</span></tt></td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will assume prerequisite files are
created with low resolution time stamps.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.NOTPARALLEL</span></tt></td>
<td>If mentioned without any prerequisites,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will run serially as if -j1 was
given. If it has prerequisites <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id16" name="id16">[1]</a>
will only do this for the targets among
them.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.PHONY</span></tt></td>
<td>The prerequisites are considered phony and
will be rebuilt unconditionally.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.PRECIOUS</span></tt></td>
<td>The targets which <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.PRECIOUS</span></tt> depends
will to be deleted if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> is killed or
interrupted while their building.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SECONDARY</span></tt></td>
<td>The prerequisites are treated as
intermediate files, except that they are
never automatically deleted. If used with
no prerequisites all targets gets this
treatement.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SECONDEXPANSION</span></tt></td>
<td>If mentioned, all prerequisite lists after
it will be expanded a second time after all
makefiles have been read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SECONDTARGETEXPANSION</span></tt>
<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id17" name="id17">[1]</a></td>
<td>If mentioned, all targets after it will be
expanded a second time after all makefiles
have been read.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SILENT</span></tt></td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will not print the recipe for
targets listed as prerequisites, if none
then it applies to all targets.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SUFFIXES</span></tt></td>
<td>The prerequisites are the list of suffixes
used in checking for suffix rules. If it
appears without prerequisites it the suffix
will be cleared.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="commands" name="commands">Commands</a></h1>
<p>Builtin commands <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id18" name="id18">[1]</a> all start with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_builtin_</span></tt>, so in order to save
space this prefix has been omitted in the table below. All commands comes in an
external edition that can be used by/in the shell, these are prefixed <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_</span></tt>.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%" />
<col width="80%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Command</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">append</span></tt></td>
<td>Append text to a file. The builtin version can output the
value of a variable or the commands of a target.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmp</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmp</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cp</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cp</span></tt> command with some twaking.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">echo</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">echo</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expr</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expr</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kDepIDB</span></tt></td>
<td>Extract dependencies from a Visual C++ .IDB file.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ln</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ln</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">md5sum</span></tt></td>
<td>Typical MD5 sum program, custom kBuild version.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mv</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mv</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt> command.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rm</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rm</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdir</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdir</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sleep</span></tt></td>
<td>Typical <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sleep</span></tt> program, custom kBuild version.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt></td>
<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt> program with some tweaking.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Some additional external commands are available in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> / <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kBuild</span></tt>
environment (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kSomething</span></tt> command are not prefixed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_</span></tt>):</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%" />
<col width="80%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Command</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kDepPre</span></tt></td>
<td>Extract dependencies from the C/C++ preprocessor output.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kObjCache</span></tt></td>
<td>Simple object file cache program.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ash</span></tt></td>
<td>Almquist's shell (NetBSD variant).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gmake</span></tt></td>
<td>Vanilla GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> from same sources as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">redirect</span></tt></td>
<td>Shell avoidance tool. Sets up file descriptors, environment
variables and current directory before kicking of program.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sed</span></tt></td>
<td>GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sed</span></tt> with some tweaks to avoid involving the shell.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></tt></td>
<td>Stopwatch utility for measuring program execution time(s).</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="kmk-expression" name="kmk-expression">kmk-expression</a></h1>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expressions <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id19" name="id19">[1]</a> are related to the C/C++ preprocessor in some ways as
well as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nmake</span></tt> and BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt>. There are however some peculiarities
because of the way GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> choose to represent booleans in its function
library, so, strings can be turned into boolean by taking any non-empty string
as true.</p>
<p>Quoting using single quotes results in hard strings, while double quotes and
unquoted string results in soft strings that can be converted to number or
boolean to fit the situation.</p>
<p>Here's the operator table in decending precedence order:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%" />
<col width="11%" />
<col width="70%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Operator</th>
<th class="head">Type</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defined</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="6">Unary</td>
<td>Checks if the following variable exists.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exists</span></tt></td>
<td>Checks if the following file exists.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt></td>
<td>Checks if the following target exists.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></tt></td>
<td>Casts the following value to boolean.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">num</span></tt></td>
<td>Casts the following value to a number.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></td>
<td>Casts the following value to a string.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">!</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="4">Unary</td>
<td>Logical NOT.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt></td>
<td>Pluss prefix.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt></td>
<td>Minus prefix.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">~</span></tt></td>
<td>Bitwise one's complement.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="3">Binary</td>
<td>Multiplication (product).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt></td>
<td>Division (quotient).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt></td>
<td>Modulus (remainder).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
<td>Addition (sum).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt></td>
<td>Subtraction (difference).</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;&lt;</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
<td>Bitwise left shift.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;&gt;</span></tt></td>
<td>Bitwise right shift.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;=</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="4">Binary</td>
<td>Less or equal than.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;</span></tt></td>
<td>Less than.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;=</span></tt></td>
<td>Greater or equal than.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></tt></td>
<td>Greater than.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">==</span></tt></td>
<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
<td>Equal to.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">!=</span></tt></td>
<td>Not equal to.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;</span></tt></td>
<td>Binary</td>
<td>Bitwise AND.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">^</span></tt></td>
<td>Binary</td>
<td>Bitwise XOR.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|</span></tt></td>
<td>Binary</td>
<td>Bitwise OR.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;&amp;</span></tt></td>
<td>Binary</td>
<td>Logical AND.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">||</span></tt></td>
<td>Binary</td>
<td>Logical OR.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="built-in-functions" name="built-in-functions">Built-in functions</a></h1>
<p>String Manipulation Functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Replace <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(subst from,to,text)
</pre>
<p>Replace words matching <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">replacement</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)
</pre>
<p>Remove excess whitespace characters from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(strip string)
</pre>
<p>Locate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">find</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>, returning <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">find</span></tt> if found:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(findstring find,text)
</pre>
<p>Select words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> that match one of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> words:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(filter pattern...,text)
</pre>
<p>Select words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> that do not match any of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> words:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(filter-out pattern...,text)
</pre>
<p>Sort the words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt> lexicographically, removing duplicates:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(sort list)
</pre>
<p>Sort the words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt> lexicographically in reserve order, removing
duplicates <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id20" name="id20">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(rsort list)
</pre>
<p>Count the number of words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(words text)
</pre>
<p>Extract the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt>th word (one-origin) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(word n,text)
</pre>
<p>Returns the list of words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s</span></tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">e</span></tt> (one-origin):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(wordlist s,e,text)
</pre>
<p>Extract the first word of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(firstword names...)
</pre>
<p>Extract the last word of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(lastword names...)
</pre>
<p>Join two parallel lists of words:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(join list1,list2)
</pre>
<p>Fold <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> to upper case <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id21" name="id21">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(toupper text)
</pre>
<p>Fold <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> to lower case <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id22" name="id22">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(tolower text)
</pre>
<p>String formatting a la the unix <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt> command <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id23" name="id23">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(printf fmt, arg...)
</pre>
<p>Return the length of a string or a (unexpanded) variable <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id24" name="id24">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(length string)
$(length-var var)
</pre>
<p>Find the position of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">needle</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">haystack</span></tt>, returns 0 if not found.
Negative <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> indices are relative to the end of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">haystack</span></tt>, while
positive ones are one based <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id25" name="id25">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(pos needle, haystack[, start])
$(lastpos needle, haystack[, start])
</pre>
<p>Returns the specified substring. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> works like with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(pos</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>.
If the substring is partially outside the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt> the result will be
padded with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad</span></tt> if present <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id26" name="id26">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(substr string, start[, length[, pad]])
</pre>
<p>Insert <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> at the specified position. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt> works like with
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(pos</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>, except that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> is the end of the string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id27" name="id27">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(insert in, str[, n[, length[, pad]]])
</pre>
<p>Translate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt> exchanging characters in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from-set</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt>,
optionally completing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad-char</span></tt> if specified. If no
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad-char</span></tt> characters absent in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt> will be deleted <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id28" name="id28">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(translate string, from-set[, to-set[, pad-char]])
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Functions for file names:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Extract the directory part of each file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(dir names...)
</pre>
<p>Extract the non-directory part of each file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(notdir names...)
</pre>
<p>Extract the suffix (the last <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> and following characters) of each file
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(suffix names...)
</pre>
<p>Extract the base name (name without suffix) of each file name:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(basename names...)
</pre>
<p>Extract the root specification of each file name (a bit complicated on
Windows &amp; OS/2) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id29" name="id29">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(root names...)
</pre>
<p>Append <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">suffix</span></tt> to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(addsuffix suffix,names...)
</pre>
<p>Prepend <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prefix</span></tt> to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(addprefix prefix,names...)
</pre>
<p>Find file names matching a shell file name <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> (not a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt>
pattern):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(wildcard pattern...)
</pre>
<p>For each file name in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>, expand to an absolute name that does not
contain any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt>, nor symlinks:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(realpath names...)
</pre>
<p>For each file name in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>, expand to an absolute name that does not
contain any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt> components, but preserves symlinks:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(abspath names...)
</pre>
<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(abspath</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> except that the current directory can be
specified as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">curdir</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id30" name="id30">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(abspathex names...[, curdir])
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Arithmetic Functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Returns the sum of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id31" name="id31">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-add addend1, addend2[, addendN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the difference between the first argument and the sum of the
rest <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id32" name="id32">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-sub minuend, subtrahend[, subtrahendN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the product of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id33" name="id33">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-mul factor1, factor2[, factorN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the quotient of first argument and the rest <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id34" name="id34">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-div dividend, divisor[, divisorN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the modulus of the two arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id35" name="id35">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-mod dividend, divisor)
</pre>
<p>Returns the bitwise two-complement of argument <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id36" name="id36">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-not val)
</pre>
<p>Returns the result of a bitwise AND of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id37" name="id37">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-and val1, val2[, valN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the result of a bitwise OR of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id38" name="id38">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-or val1, val2[, valN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the result of a bitwise XOR of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id39" name="id39">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-xor val1, val2[, valN])
</pre>
<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean (true = non-empty, false = empty) result
of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id40" name="id40">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-eq val1, val2)
</pre>
<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id41" name="id41">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-ne val1, val2)
</pre>
<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id42" name="id42">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-gt val1, val2)
</pre>
<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id43" name="id43">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-ge val1, val2)
</pre>
<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id44" name="id44">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-lt val1, val2)
</pre>
<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id45" name="id45">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(int-le val1, val2)
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Boolean and Conditional Functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Condition is false if the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> evaluates to an empty string
(stripped). Evaluate the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">true-part</span></tt> if the condition is true, otherwise
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">false-part</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(if condition,true-part[,false-part])
</pre>
<p>Test if any of the conditions evalues to non-empty string, returning the
first one:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(or condition1[,condition2[,condition3[...]]])
</pre>
<p>Test if all of the conditions evaluates to non-empty strings, returning the
last one:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(and condition1[,condition2[,condition3[...]]])
</pre>
<p>Test if the two strings are identical, returning <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean (true =
non-empty, false = empty) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id85" id="id46" name="id46">[2]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(eq str1, str2)
</pre>
<p>Invert a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id85" id="id47" name="id47">[2]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(not val)
</pre>
<p>Test if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt> is defined, returning a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id48" name="id48">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(defined variable)
</pre>
<p>Test if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set-a</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set-b</span></tt> intersects, returning a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean
value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id49" name="id49">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(intersects set-a, set-b)
</pre>
<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(if</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> execpt that the condition is a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id50" name="id50">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(if-expr kmk-expression,true-part[,false-part])
</pre>
<p>Select the first true condition (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) and expand the
following body. Special condition strings <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">default</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otherwise</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id51" name="id51">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(select when1-cond, when1-body[, whenN-cond, whenN-body])
</pre>
<p>Evalutate the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk-expression</span></tt> returning what it evalues as. This is
the preferred way of doing arithmentic now <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id52" name="id52">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(expr kmk-expression)
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Stack Fuctions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Push <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">item</span></tt> onto the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id53" name="id53">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(stack-push stack-var, item)
</pre>
<p>Pop the top item off the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id54" name="id54">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(stack-pop stack-var)
</pre>
<p>Pop the top item off the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id55" name="id55">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(stack-popv stack-var)
</pre>
<p>Get the top item of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id56" name="id56">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(stack-top stack-var)
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Advanced Functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Evaluates to the contents of the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt>, with no expansion
performed on it:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(value var)
</pre>
<p>Evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt> bound to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">words</span></tt>, and
concatenate the results (spaced):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(foreach var,words,body)
</pre>
<p>C-style for-loop. Start by evaluating <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">init</span></tt>. Each iteration will
first check whether the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) is true,
then expand <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> concatenating the result to the previous iterations
(spaced), and finally evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">next</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id57" name="id57">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(for init,conditions,next,body)
</pre>
<p>C-style while-loop. Each iteration will check whether the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt>
(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) is true, then expand <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> concatenating the
result to the previous iterations <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id58" name="id58">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(while conditions,body)
</pre>
<p>Evaluate the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt> replacing any references to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(1)</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(2)</span></tt> with the first, second, etc. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">param</span></tt> values:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(call var,param,...)
</pre>
<p>Evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> then read the results as makefile commands. Expands
to the empty string:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(eval text)
</pre>
<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">text)</span></tt> except that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> is expanded in its
own variable context <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id59" name="id59">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(evalctx text)
</pre>
<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">var))</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id60" name="id60">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(evalval var)
</pre>
<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(evalctx</span> <span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">var))</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id61" name="id61">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(evalvalctx var)
</pre>
<p>A combination of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(call</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id62" name="id62">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(evalcall var)
</pre>
<p>A combination of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(call</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id63" name="id63">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(evalcall var)
</pre>
<p>Remove comments and blank lines from the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt>. Expands to
the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id64" name="id64">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(eval-opt-var var)
</pre>
<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the whole thing
or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id65" name="id65">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(deps target[, pos])
</pre>
<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt> (order + duplicates) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either
retriving the whole thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id66" name="id66">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(deps-all target[, pos])
</pre>
<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>  of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the whole
thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id67" name="id67">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(deps-newer target[, pos])
</pre>
<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt> (order only)  of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the
whole thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id68" name="id68">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(deps-oo target[, pos])
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Command Functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Create one or more command lines avoiding the max argument
length restriction of the host OS <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id69" name="id69">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(xargs ar cas mylib.a,$(objects))
$(xargs ar cas mylib.a,ar as mylib.a,$(objects))
</pre>
<p>Returns the commands for the specified target separated by new-line, space,
or a user defined string. Note that this might not produce the 100% correct
result if any of the prerequisite automatic variables are used <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id70" name="id70">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(commands target)
$(commands-sc target)
$(commands-usr target,sep)
</pre>
<p>Compares two commands returning the empty string if equal and the 3rd
argument if not. This differs from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(comp-vars</span> <span class="pre">v1,v2,ne)</span></tt> in that
line by line is stripped of leading spaces, command prefixes and
trailing spaces before comparing <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id71" name="id71">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(comp-cmds cmds-var1, cmds-var2, ne)
$(comp-cmds-ex cmds1, cmd2, ne)
</pre>
<p>Compares the values of the two variables returning the empty string if
equal and the 3rd argument if not. Leading and trailing spaces is
ignored <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id72" name="id72">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(comp-var var1, var2, ne)
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Utility functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a fatal error with the
message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(error text...)
</pre>
<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a warning with the
message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(warning text...)
</pre>
<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a info with the
message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(info text...)
</pre>
<p>Execute a shell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></tt> and return its output:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(shell command)
</pre>
<p>Return a string describing how the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt> was defined:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(origin variable)
</pre>
<p>Return a string describing the flavor of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(flavor variable)
</pre>
<p>Returns the current local time and date formatted in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime</span></tt>
style specifier <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S</span></tt> when
not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id73" name="id73">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(date fmt)
</pre>
<p>Returns the current UTC time and date formatted in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime</span></tt>
style specifier <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ</span></tt> when
not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id74" name="id74">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(date-utc fmt)
</pre>
<p>Reformats the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> time and date using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in-fmt</span></tt> defaults
to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> if not specified. While <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ</span></tt> if not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id75" name="id75">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(date-utc fmt,time,in-fmt)
</pre>
<p>Returns the current nanosecond timestamp (monotonic when possible) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id76" name="id76">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(nanots )
</pre>
<p>Returns the size of the specified file, or -1 if the size could not
be obtained. This can be used to check if a file exist or not <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id77" name="id77">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(file-size file)
</pre>
<p>Searches the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable for the specified <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">files</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id78" name="id78">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(which files...)
</pre>
<p>OS/2: Returns the specified LIBPATH variable value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id79" name="id79">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(libpath var)
</pre>
<p>OS/2: Sets the specified LIBPATH variable value, returning the empty
string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id80" name="id80">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(libpath var,value)
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Debugging Functions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Returns various make statistics, if no item is specified a default
selection is returned <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id81" name="id81">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(make-stats item[,itemN])
</pre>
<p>Raise a debug breakpoint. Used for debugging <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> makefile
parsing <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id82" name="id82">[1]</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$(breakpoint )
</pre>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="recipes" name="recipes">Recipes</a></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>A typical recipe takes one of the two following forms:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
targets : normal-prerequisites | order-only-prerequisites
        command
        ...

targets : normal-prerequisites | order-only-prerequisites ; command
        command
        ...
</pre>
<p>Specifying more than one file in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">targets</span></tt> lists is the same as
repeating the recipe for each of the files.</p>
<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+|</span></tt> in the list of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">targets</span></tt> to tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> that the
recipe has more than one output. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id83" name="id83">[1]</a> The files after a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> will
always be remade, while the files after a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+|</span></tt> don't have to be remade.
The latter is frequently employed to update files which prerequisites
change wihtout the output files necessarily changing. See also
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_cp</span> <span class="pre">--changed</span></tt>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Double colon recipes</p>
<blockquote>
Double colon recipes are written with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">::</span></tt> instead of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:</span></tt> and are
handled differently from ordinary recipes if the target appears in more
than one recipe. First, all the recipes must be of the double colon type.
Second, the recipes are executed individually and may be omitted depending
on the state of their prerequisites. Double colon recipes without any
prerequisites will always be executed.</blockquote>
<p>Pattern rules</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A couple of examples:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
%.o : %.c
        gcc -o $&#64; $&lt;
%.tab.c %.tab.h : %.y
        bison -d $&lt;
</pre>
<p>The latter has two outputs.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr class="docutils" />
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id84" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a name="id84">[1]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id3">3</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">4</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">5</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">6</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">7</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">8</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id9">9</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id10">10</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">11</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">12</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">13</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id14">14</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">15</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id16">16</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id17">17</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id18">18</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id19">19</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id20">20</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id21">21</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id22">22</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id23">23</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id24">24</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id25">25</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id26">26</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id27">27</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id28">28</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id29">29</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id30">30</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id31">31</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id32">32</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id33">33</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id34">34</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id35">35</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id36">36</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id37">37</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id38">38</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id39">39</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id40">40</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id41">41</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id42">42</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id43">43</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id44">44</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id45">45</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id48">46</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id49">47</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id50">48</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id51">49</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id52">50</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id53">51</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id54">52</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id55">53</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id56">54</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id57">55</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id58">56</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id59">57</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id60">58</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id61">59</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id62">60</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id63">61</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id64">62</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id65">63</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id66">64</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id67">65</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id68">66</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id69">67</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id70">68</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id71">69</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id72">70</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id73">71</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id74">72</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id75">73</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id76">74</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id77">75</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id78">76</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id79">77</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id80">78</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id81">79</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id82">80</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id83">81</a>)</em> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> only feature.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id85" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a name="id85">[2]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id46">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id47">2</a>)</em> Experimental GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> feature that is not enabled by default.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr class="docutils" />
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Status:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">$Id: QuickReference-kmk.html 2340 2009-04-18 12:05:47Z bird $</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Copyright:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p class="last">Copyright (c) 2008-2009 knut st. osmundsen</p>
</td>
</tr>
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</table>
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