1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="http://keras.io/preprocessing/text/">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../img/favicon.ico">
<title>Text Preprocessing - Keras Documentation</title>
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700|Source+Sans+Pro:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/theme_extra.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/github.min.css">
<script>
// Current page data
var mkdocs_page_name = "Text Preprocessing";
var mkdocs_page_input_path = "preprocessing/text.md";
var mkdocs_page_url = "/preprocessing/text/";
</script>
<script src="../../js/jquery-2.1.1.min.js" defer></script>
<script src="../../js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js" defer></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/highlight.min.js"></script>
<script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-61785484-1', 'keras.io');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
</head>
<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
<div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
<nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side stickynav">
<div class="wy-side-scroll">
<a href="">
<div class="keras-logo">
<img src="/img/keras-logo-small.jpg" class="keras-logo-img">
Keras Documentation
</div>
</a>
<div class="wy-side-nav-search">
<div role="search">
<form id ="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../../search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" title="Type search term here" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../..">Home</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../why-use-keras/">Why use Keras</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Getting started</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/sequential-model-guide/">Guide to the Sequential model</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/functional-api-guide/">Guide to the Functional API</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../getting-started/faq/">FAQ</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Models</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../models/about-keras-models/">About Keras models</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../models/sequential/">Sequential</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../models/model/">Model (functional API)</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Layers</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/about-keras-layers/">About Keras layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/core/">Core Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/convolutional/">Convolutional Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/pooling/">Pooling Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/local/">Locally-connected Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/recurrent/">Recurrent Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/embeddings/">Embedding Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/merge/">Merge Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/advanced-activations/">Advanced Activations Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/normalization/">Normalization Layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/noise/">Noise layers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/wrappers/">Layer wrappers</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../layers/writing-your-own-keras-layers/">Writing your own Keras layers</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Preprocessing</span></p>
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../sequence/">Sequence Preprocessing</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal current" href="./">Text Preprocessing</a>
<ul class="current">
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../image/">Image Preprocessing</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../losses/">Losses</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../metrics/">Metrics</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../optimizers/">Optimizers</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../activations/">Activations</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../callbacks/">Callbacks</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../datasets/">Datasets</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../applications/">Applications</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../backend/">Backend</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../initializers/">Initializers</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../regularizers/">Regularizers</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../constraints/">Constraints</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../visualization/">Visualization</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../scikit-learn-api/">Scikit-learn API</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../utils/">Utils</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../contributing/">Contributing</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Examples</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/addition_rnn/">Addition RNN</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/antirectifier/">Custom layer - antirectifier</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/babi_rnn/">Baby RNN</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/babi_memnn/">Baby MemNN</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/cifar10_cnn/">CIFAR-10 CNN</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/cifar10_resnet/">CIFAR-10 ResNet</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/conv_filter_visualization/">Convolution filter visualization</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/conv_lstm/">Convolutional LSTM</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/deep_dream/">Deep Dream</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/image_ocr/">Image OCR</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/imdb_bidirectional_lstm/">Bidirectional LSTM</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/imdb_cnn/">1D CNN for text classification</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/imdb_cnn_lstm/">Sentiment classification CNN-LSTM</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/imdb_fasttext/">Fasttext for text classification</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/imdb_lstm/">Sentiment classification LSTM</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/lstm_seq2seq/">Sequence to sequence - training</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/lstm_seq2seq_restore/">Sequence to sequence - prediction</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/lstm_stateful/">Stateful LSTM</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/lstm_text_generation/">LSTM for text generation</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../examples/mnist_acgan/">Auxiliary Classifier GAN</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
<nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
<i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
<a href="../..">Keras Documentation</a>
</nav>
<div class="wy-nav-content">
<div class="rst-content">
<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
<ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
<li><a href="../..">Docs</a> »</li>
<li>Preprocessing »</li>
<li>Text Preprocessing</li>
<li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
<a href="https://github.com/keras-team/keras/tree/master/docs"
class="icon icon-github"> Edit on GitHub</a>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div>
<div role="main">
<div class="section">
<h3 id="text-preprocessing">Text Preprocessing</h3>
<p><span style="float:right;"><a href="https://github.com/keras-team/keras/blob/master/keras/preprocessing/text.py#L139">[source]</a></span></p>
<h3 id="tokenizer">Tokenizer</h3>
<pre><code class="python">keras.preprocessing.text.Tokenizer(num_words=None, filters='!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~\t\n', lower=True, split=' ', char_level=False, oov_token=None, document_count=0)
</code></pre>
<p>Text tokenization utility class.</p>
<p>This class allows to vectorize a text corpus, by turning each
text into either a sequence of integers (each integer being the index
of a token in a dictionary) or into a vector where the coefficient
for each token could be binary, based on word count, based on tf-idf...</p>
<p><strong>Arguments</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>num_words</strong>: the maximum number of words to keep, based
on word frequency. Only the most common <code>num_words-1</code> words will
be kept.</li>
<li><strong>filters</strong>: a string where each element is a character that will be
filtered from the texts. The default is all punctuation, plus
tabs and line breaks, minus the <code>'</code> character.</li>
<li><strong>lower</strong>: boolean. Whether to convert the texts to lowercase.</li>
<li><strong>split</strong>: str. Separator for word splitting.</li>
<li><strong>char_level</strong>: if True, every character will be treated as a token.</li>
<li><strong>oov_token</strong>: if given, it will be added to word_index and used to
replace out-of-vocabulary words during text_to_sequence calls</li>
</ul>
<p>By default, all punctuation is removed, turning the texts into
space-separated sequences of words
(words maybe include the <code>'</code> character). These sequences are then
split into lists of tokens. They will then be indexed or vectorized.</p>
<p><code>0</code> is a reserved index that won't be assigned to any word.</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="hashing_trick">hashing_trick</h3>
<pre><code class="python">keras.preprocessing.text.hashing_trick(text, n, hash_function=None, filters='!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~\t\n', lower=True, split=' ')
</code></pre>
<p>Converts a text to a sequence of indexes in a fixed-size hashing space.</p>
<p><strong>Arguments</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>text</strong>: Input text (string).</li>
<li><strong>n</strong>: Dimension of the hashing space.</li>
<li><strong>hash_function</strong>: defaults to python <code>hash</code> function, can be 'md5' or
any function that takes in input a string and returns a int.
Note that 'hash' is not a stable hashing function, so
it is not consistent across different runs, while 'md5'
is a stable hashing function.</li>
<li><strong>filters</strong>: list (or concatenation) of characters to filter out, such as
punctuation. Default: <code>!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~\t\n</code>,
includes basic punctuation, tabs, and newlines.</li>
<li><strong>lower</strong>: boolean. Whether to set the text to lowercase.</li>
<li><strong>split</strong>: str. Separator for word splitting.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Returns</strong></p>
<p>A list of integer word indices (unicity non-guaranteed).</p>
<p><code>0</code> is a reserved index that won't be assigned to any word.</p>
<p>Two or more words may be assigned to the same index, due to possible
collisions by the hashing function.
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem#Probability_table">probability</a>
of a collision is in relation to the dimension of the hashing space and
the number of distinct objects.</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="one_hot">one_hot</h3>
<pre><code class="python">keras.preprocessing.text.one_hot(text, n, filters='!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~\t\n', lower=True, split=' ')
</code></pre>
<p>One-hot encodes a text into a list of word indexes of size n.</p>
<p>This is a wrapper to the <code>hashing_trick</code> function using <code>hash</code> as the
hashing function; unicity of word to index mapping non-guaranteed.</p>
<p><strong>Arguments</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>text</strong>: Input text (string).</li>
<li><strong>n</strong>: int. Size of vocabulary.</li>
<li><strong>filters</strong>: list (or concatenation) of characters to filter out, such as
punctuation. Default: <code>!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~\t\n</code>,
includes basic punctuation, tabs, and newlines.</li>
<li><strong>lower</strong>: boolean. Whether to set the text to lowercase.</li>
<li><strong>split</strong>: str. Separator for word splitting.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Returns</strong></p>
<p>List of integers in [1, n]. Each integer encodes a word
(unicity non-guaranteed).</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="text_to_word_sequence">text_to_word_sequence</h3>
<pre><code class="python">keras.preprocessing.text.text_to_word_sequence(text, filters='!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~\t\n', lower=True, split=' ')
</code></pre>
<p>Converts a text to a sequence of words (or tokens).</p>
<p><strong>Arguments</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>text</strong>: Input text (string).</li>
<li><strong>filters</strong>: list (or concatenation) of characters to filter out, such as
punctuation. Default: <code>!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~\t\n</code>,
includes basic punctuation, tabs, and newlines.</li>
<li><strong>lower</strong>: boolean. Whether to convert the input to lowercase.</li>
<li><strong>split</strong>: str. Separator for word splitting.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Returns</strong></p>
<p>A list of words (or tokens).</p>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
<a href="../image/" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Image Preprocessing">Next <span class="icon icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a>
<a href="../sequence/" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Sequence Preprocessing"><span class="icon icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> Previous</a>
</div>
<hr/>
<div role="contentinfo">
<!-- Copyright etc -->
</div>
Built with <a href="https://www.mkdocs.org/">MkDocs</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
</footer>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="rst-versions" role="note" aria-label="versions">
<span class="rst-current-version" data-toggle="rst-current-version">
<a href="http://github.com/keras-team/keras/" class="fa fa-github" style="float: left; color: #fcfcfc"> GitHub</a>
<span><a href="../sequence/" style="color: #fcfcfc;">« Previous</a></span>
<span style="margin-left: 15px"><a href="../image/" style="color: #fcfcfc">Next »</a></span>
</span>
</div>
<script>var base_url = '../..';</script>
<script src="../../js/theme.js" defer></script>
<script src="../../search/main.js" defer></script>
<script type="text/javascript" defer>
window.onload = function () {
SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true);
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
|