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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
<title>highlight.asm-nasm</title>
<meta name="generator" content="KF5::SyntaxHighlighting - Definition (Intel x86 (NASM)) - Theme (Breeze Dark)"/>
</head><body style="background-color:#232629;color:#cfcfc2"><pre>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Example file for nasm.xml kate syntax file</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; compile with `nasm example.asm -f elf -o example.o`</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; and link with 'gcc example.o -o example`</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Public domain</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; </span><span style="color:#3f8058">kate:</span><span style="color:#7a7c7d"> </span><span style="color:#7f8c8d">hl</span><span style="color:#f44f4f"> Intel x86 (NASM)</span><span style="color:#7f8c8d">;</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span>
hello <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'Hello World'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">0A</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
printf_param <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'%s'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">q</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.text</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> printf
<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> main
<span style="color:#8e44ad">main:</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ebp</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ebp</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">esp</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> hello
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> printf_param
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> printf
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">leave</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span>
NULL <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Constants</span>
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">11</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> GetStdHandle <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Import external symbols</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> Start <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Export symbols. The entry point</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Initialized data segment</span>
Message <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"Console Message 64"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0D</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0A</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
MessageLength <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$-</span>Message <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Address of this line ($) - address of Message</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.bss</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Uninitialized data segment</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">alignb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span>
Written <span style="color:#2980b9">resq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.text</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Code segment</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">Start:</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">sub</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Align the stack to a multiple of 16 bytes</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> GetStdHandle
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> StandardHandle<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">sub</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">32</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Shadow space + 5th parameter + align stack</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; to a multiple of 16 bytes</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RCX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> StandardHandle<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1st parameter</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> Message<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 2nd parameter</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">R8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> MessageLength <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 3rd parameter</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> NULL <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 5th parameter</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Message Box, 64 bit. V1.02</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.DisplayMessageBox:</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">xor</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1st parameter</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> MessageBoxText<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 2nd parameter</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">R8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> MessageBoxCaption<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 3rd parameter</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">R9D</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> MB_YESNO <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> MB_DEFBUTTON2 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 4th parameter. 2 constants ORed together</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> MessageBoxA
<span style="font-weight:bold">cmp</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> IDNO <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Check the return value for "No"</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">je</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.DisplayMessageBox</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> _GetStdHandle@4 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Import external symbols</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">Start:</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> _WriteFile@20
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Initialized data segment</span>
Static1Colour <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0F0F0F0</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>
Edit2 <span style="color:#2980b9">resq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Screen<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>Width <span style="font-weight:bold">RBP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span> <span style="color:#f67400">160</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 4 bytes</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ClientArea <span style="font-weight:bold">RBP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span> <span style="color:#f67400">152</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; RECT structure. 16 bytes</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>cbSize<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="color:#f67400">80</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 136]</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>style<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> CS_HREDRAW <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> CS_VREDRAW <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> CS_BYTEALIGNWINDOW <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 132]</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>lpfnWndProc<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 128]</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>hIcon<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 104]</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EAX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; X position, now centred</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">cmp</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>uMsg<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> WM_CLOSE <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP + 24]</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">je</span> WMCLOSE
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> DestroyWindow <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Send a WM_DESTROY message</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span> Return<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>WM_Processed
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0604060</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> SetBkColor
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0005000</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; just the byte 0x55</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">56</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">57</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; three bytes in succession</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; character constants are OK</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">13</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">10</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'$'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; so are string constants</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1234</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x34 0x12</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x00 (it's just a number)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'ab'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x62 (character constant)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'abc'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x62 0x63 0x00 (string)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">12345678</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x78 0x56 0x34 0x12</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; floating-point constant</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">123456789abcdef0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; eight byte constant</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; double-precision float</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; extended-precision float</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Integer expression</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db (44,55) ; Invalid - error</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'XX'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'YY'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'AA'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Integer expression - outputs single byte</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'BB'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; List, containing a string</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">34</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">34</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">35</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">7</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">99</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">7</span> dup <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(?,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(?,</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">cc</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> dup <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'PQR'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">abcd</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">16</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">aaaa</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">bbbbbb</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(?)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\u263a</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\xe2\x98\xba</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0E2</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">098</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0BA</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve 64 bytes </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">wordvar:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve a word </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(?)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve 64 bytes </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">wordvar:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve a word </span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; include the whole file</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1024</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; skip the first 1024 bytes</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1024</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">512</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; skip the first 1024, and</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; actually include at most 512</span>
message <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello, world'</span>
msglen <span style="color:#2980b9">equ</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$-</span>message
<span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello, world'</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-$+</span>buffer <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">' '</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">bndstx</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> bnd0 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; GAS - '*1' indecates an index reg</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">VDIVPS</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]{</span><span style="color:#f67400">1to16</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; single-precision float </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">VDIVPS</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">zword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; packed 512 bit memory</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">200</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0200</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; still decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0200</span><span style="color:#f67400">d</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; explicitly decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0d</span><span style="color:#f67400">200</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; also decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0c8</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,$</span><span style="color:#f67400">0c8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex again: the 0 is required</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">c8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0h</span><span style="color:#f67400">c8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; still hex</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span><span style="color:#f67400">q</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span><span style="color:#f67400">o</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0o</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0q</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">11001000</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; binary</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span><span style="color:#f67400">y</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant once more</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0b</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0y</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant yet again</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> u<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?utf16?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> w<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?utf32?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> u<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'C:\WINDOWS'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Pathname in UTF-16</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> w<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`A + B = </span><span style="color:#3daee9">\u206a</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; String in UTF-32</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">0.2</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; "Quarter precision"</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">0.5</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; IEEE 754r/SSE5 half precision</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.2</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; an easy one</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.222_222_222</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; underscores are permitted</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x1p+2</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1.0x2^2 = 4.0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x1p+32</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1.0x2^32 = 4 294 967 296.0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e10</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 10 000 000 000.0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e+10</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; synonymous with 1.e10</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e-10</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0.000 000 000 1</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3.141592653589793238462</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; pi</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">do</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e+4000</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; IEEE 754r quad precision</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">__?float64?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">3.141592653589793238462</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">400921fb54442d18</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Inf <span style="font-weight:bold">__?Infinity?__</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> NaN <span style="font-weight:bold">__?QNaN?__</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1.5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span>Inf<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> NaN <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Double-precision constants</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">12_345_678_901_245_678</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">12_345_678_901_245_678</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">0p33</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> b <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a <span style="color:#3f8058">//</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">seg</span> procedure<span style="color:#3f8058">):</span>procedure
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> weird_seg<span style="color:#3f8058">:(</span>procedure <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> weird_seg<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">strict</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>label<span style="color:#3f8058">-$)</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">label:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'Where am I?'</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>label<span style="color:#3f8058">-$+</span>1<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">label:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'NOW where am I?'</span>
label1 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; some code </span>
.<span style="font-weight:bold">loop</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; some more code </span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jne</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.loop</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">label1:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; a non-local label </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.local:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is really label1.local </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">..@foo:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is a special symbol </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">label2:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; another non-local label </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.local:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is really label2.local </span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..@foo</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this will jump three lines up</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> THIS_VERY_LONG_MACRO_NAME_IS_DEFINED_TO \
THIS_VALUE
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ctrl <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1F</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">&</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> param<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">((</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">)+(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">)*(</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">))</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>param<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ebx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)],</span> ctrl <span style="color:#f44f4f">'D'</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)+(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)*(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ebx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)],</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1F</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">&</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'D'</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> a<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span>x
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> foo <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; no arguments, (a,b) is the expansion </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> bar<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; two arguments, empty expansion</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ereg<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>foo<span style="color:#3f8058">,)</span> e <span style="color:#3f8058">%+</span> foo
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>ereg<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">dx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> xyzzy<span style="color:#3f8058">(=</span>expr<span style="color:#3f8058">,&</span>val<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> expr<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> str
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> plugh<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> xyzzy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> plugh<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\0</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands to: db 8, "3+5", `\0`</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>Foo<span style="color:#3f8058">%[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">__?BITS?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The Foo value</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%xdefine</span> Bar Quux <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands due to %xdefine </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Bar <span style="color:#3f8058">%[</span>Quux<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands due to %[...]</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> BDASTART <span style="color:#f67400">400</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Start of BIOS data area</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">struc</span> tBIOSDA <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; its structure </span>
.COM1addr <span style="color:#2980b9">RESW</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
.COM2addr <span style="color:#2980b9">RESW</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; ..and so on </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">endstruc</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>BDASTART <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> tBIOSDA<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>COM1addr
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">bx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>BDASTART <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> tBIOSDA<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>COM2addr
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Macro to access BIOS variables by their names (from tBDA):</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> Foo mov <span style="color:#3f8058">%?,%??</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> keyword <span style="color:#3f8058">$%?</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">pause</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$%?</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Hide the PAUSE instruction</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> foo bar
<span style="color:#27ae60">%undef</span> foo
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> foo
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i i<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%defstr</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> TEST
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'TEST'</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%defstr</span> PATH <span style="color:#3f8058">%!</span>PATH <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The operating system PATH variable</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%deftok</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'TEST'</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> TEST
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>c<span style="color:#3f8058">+)</span> a <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">66</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%,</span> b <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%,</span> c
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3 </span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3 </span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3, 4 </span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3, 4, 5</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> silly <span style="color:#f67400">2</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>: <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
silly <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> letter_a <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; letter_a: db 'a' </span>
silly <span style="color:#f44f4f">'ab'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> string_ab <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; string_ab: db 'ab' </span>
silly <span style="color:#3f8058">{</span><span style="color:#f67400">13</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">10</span><span style="color:#3f8058">},</span> crlf <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; crlf: db 13,10</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> preproc sane_empty_expansion
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> mpar <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-*</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%{</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%{-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">:-</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
mpar <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">6</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> die <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"Painful program death has occurred."</span>
writefile <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">4c01</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">int</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">21</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> multipush <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-*</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> %0
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%rotate</span> 1
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span>
j<span style="color:#3f8058">%-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%skip</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">%%skip:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> foo <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="font-weight:bold">.nolist</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> pushparam <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifidni</span> %1,ip
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%label</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">%%label:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> 64
<span style="font-weight:bold">inc</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>table<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span>i<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i i<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">fibonacci:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> j <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> 100
<span style="color:#27ae60">%if</span> j <span style="color:#3f8058">></span> <span style="color:#f67400">65535</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%exitrep</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> j
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> k j<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>i
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i j
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> j k
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span>
fib_number <span style="color:#2980b9">equ</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">($-</span>fibonacci<span style="color:#3f8058">)/</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%include</span> "macros<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>mac<span style="color:#f44f4f">"</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifndef</span> MACROS_MAC
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> MACROS_MAC
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; now define some macros </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pathsearch</span> MyFoo <span style="color:#f44f4f">"foo.bin"</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%imacro</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pathsearch</span> dep <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%depend</span> dep
<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> dep<span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> altreg
<span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> 'altreg<span style="color:#f44f4f">'</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> foobar
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> repeat <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> repeat
<span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$begin<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> until <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
j<span style="color:#3f8058">%-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>begin
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> %$localmac <span style="color:#f67400">3</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> else <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifctx</span> if
<span style="color:#27ae60">%repl</span> else
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>ifend
<span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifnot<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "expected <span style="color:#f44f4f">`if' before `</span>else<span style="color:#f44f4f">'" </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> endif <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifctx</span> if
<span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifnot<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%elifctx</span> else
<span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifend<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "expected <span style="color:#f44f4f">`if' or `</span>else<span style="color:#f44f4f">' before `endif'" </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">some_function:</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> mycontext <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; save the current context </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%stacksize</span> small <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; tell NASM to use bp </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> %$localsize <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; see text for explanation </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%local</span> old_ax<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#2980b9">word</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> old_dx<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#2980b9">word</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">enter</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>localsize<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; see text for explanation </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>old_ax<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; swap ax & bx </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,[</span>old_dx<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">leave</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; restore old bp </span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; restore original context</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifdef</span> F1
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%elifdef</span> F2
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some different setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "Neither F1 nor F2 was defined<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">" </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifdef</span> F1
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%elifdef</span> F2
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some different setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%warning</span> "Neither F1 nor F2 was defined<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> assuming F1<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">" </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> F1
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>%if foo <span style="color:#3f8058">></span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> foo_over foo<span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">64</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> foo is foo_over bytes too large
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?NASM_VER?__</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">struc</span> mytype
<span style="color:#8e44ad">mt_long:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.str:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">32</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">endstruc</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> altreg
<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> writefile <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>
[<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">%%endstr:</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">__?SECT?__</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">dx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%endstr</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">bx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ah</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">40</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">int</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">21</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">DEFAULT</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">BND</span>
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> foo <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; BND will be prefixed </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">nobnd</span> call foo <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; BND will NOT be prefixed</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> _main
<span style="color:#8e44ad">_main:</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> hashlookup<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>function<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> hashtable<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>data
<span style="font-weight:bold">common</span> intvar <span style="color:#f67400">4</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">static</span> foo
<span style="color:#8e44ad">foo:</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; codes</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> macho lprefix L_
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The most common conventions </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> output gprefix _
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> output lprefix L_
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; ELF uses a different convention </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> elf gprefix <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; empty </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> elf lprefix <span style="color:#8e44ad">.L</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.pdata</span> rdata <span style="font-weight:bold">align</span><span style="color:#3f8058">=</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> main <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> main_end <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> xmain <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.xdata</span> rdata <span style="font-weight:bold">align</span><span style="color:#3f8058">=</span><span style="color:#f67400">8</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">xmain:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">9</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> handler <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.drectve</span> info
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'/defaultlib:user32.lib /defaultlib:msvcrt.lib '</span>
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