File: highlight.asm-nasm.dark.html

package info (click to toggle)
kf6-syntax-highlighting 6.18.0-1
  • links: PTS, VCS
  • area: main
  • in suites: forky, sid
  • size: 49,060 kB
  • sloc: xml: 203,100; cpp: 12,878; python: 3,055; sh: 965; perl: 814; ruby: 494; pascal: 393; javascript: 161; php: 150; jsp: 132; lisp: 131; haskell: 124; ada: 119; ansic: 107; makefile: 96; f90: 94; ml: 85; cobol: 81; yacc: 71; csh: 62; exp: 61; erlang: 54; sql: 51; java: 47; sed: 45; objc: 37; tcl: 36; awk: 31; asm: 30; fortran: 18; cs: 10
file content (530 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 61,605 bytes parent folder | download | duplicates (2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
<title>highlight.asm-nasm</title>
<meta name="generator" content="KF5::SyntaxHighlighting - Definition (Intel x86 (NASM)) - Theme (Breeze Dark)"/>
</head><body style="background-color:#232629;color:#cfcfc2"><pre>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Example file for nasm.xml kate syntax file</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; compile with `nasm example.asm -f elf -o example.o`</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; and link with 'gcc example.o -o example`</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Public domain</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; </span><span style="color:#3f8058">kate:</span><span style="color:#7a7c7d"> </span><span style="color:#7f8c8d">hl</span><span style="color:#f44f4f"> Intel x86 (NASM)</span><span style="color:#7f8c8d">;</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span>

hello <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'Hello World'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">0A</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
printf_param <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'%s'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">q</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.text</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> printf

<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> main
<span style="color:#8e44ad">main:</span>
	<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ebp</span>
	<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ebp</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">esp</span>
	
	<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> hello
	<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> printf_param
	<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> printf
	
	<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span>
	<span style="font-weight:bold">leave</span>
	<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span>


NULL              <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>                         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Constants</span>
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">11</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> GetStdHandle                             <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Import external symbols</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> Start                                    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Export symbols. The entry point</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span>                                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Initialized data segment</span>
 Message        <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"Console Message 64"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0D</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0A</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
 MessageLength  <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$-</span>Message                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Address of this line ($) - address of Message</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.bss</span>                                    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Uninitialized data segment</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">alignb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span>
 Written        <span style="color:#2980b9">resq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.text</span>                                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Code segment</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">Start:</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">sub</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span>                                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Align the stack to a multiple of 16 bytes</span>

 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>  GetStdHandle
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> StandardHandle<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span>

 <span style="font-weight:bold">sub</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">32</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span>                          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Shadow space + 5th parameter + align stack</span>
                                                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; to a multiple of 16 bytes</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">RCX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> StandardHandle<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1st parameter</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">RDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> Message<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>                       <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 2nd parameter</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">R8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> MessageLength                        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 3rd parameter</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> NULL                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 5th parameter</span>
                                                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Message Box, 64 bit. V1.02</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.DisplayMessageBox:</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">xor</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span>                                 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1st parameter</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">RDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> MessageBoxText<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 2nd parameter</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">R8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> MessageBoxCaption<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>              <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 3rd parameter</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">R9D</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> MB_YESNO <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> MB_DEFBUTTON2            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 4th parameter. 2 constants ORed together</span>
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>  MessageBoxA

 <span style="font-weight:bold">cmp</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> IDNO                                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Check the return value for "No"</span>
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">je</span>    <span style="color:#8e44ad">.DisplayMessageBox</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> _GetStdHandle@4                          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Import external symbols</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">Start:</span>
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>  _WriteFile@20

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span>                                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Initialized data segment</span>
 Static1Colour    <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0F0F0F0</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>
 Edit2            <span style="color:#2980b9">resq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Screen<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>Width       <span style="font-weight:bold">RBP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span> <span style="color:#f67400">160</span>            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 4 bytes</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ClientArea         <span style="font-weight:bold">RBP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span> <span style="color:#f67400">152</span>            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; RECT structure. 16 bytes</span>

 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>cbSize<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="color:#f67400">80</span>                    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 136]</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>style<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> CS_HREDRAW <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> CS_VREDRAW <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> CS_BYTEALIGNWINDOW  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 132]</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>lpfnWndProc<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span>              <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 128]</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>hIcon<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span>                    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 104]</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EAX</span>                 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; X position, now centred</span>

 <span style="font-weight:bold">cmp</span>   <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>uMsg<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> WM_CLOSE                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP + 24]</span>
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">je</span>    WMCLOSE
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>  DestroyWindow                            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Send a WM_DESTROY message</span>
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span>   Return<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>WM_Processed
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">EDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0604060</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>
 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>  SetBkColor
 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>   <span style="font-weight:bold">EDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0005000</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>

<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; just the byte 0x55</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">56</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">57</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; three bytes in succession</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; character constants are OK</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">13</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">10</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'$'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; so are string constants</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1234</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x34 0x12</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x00 (it's just a number)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'ab'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x62 (character constant)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'abc'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x62 0x63 0x00 (string)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">12345678</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x78 0x56 0x34 0x12</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; floating-point constant</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">123456789abcdef0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; eight byte constant</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; double-precision float</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; extended-precision float</span>

<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>               <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Integer expression</span>
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db (44,55)            ; Invalid - error</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'XX'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'YY'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'AA'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>             <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Integer expression - outputs single byte</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'BB'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; List, containing a string</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">34</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">34</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">35</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">7</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">99</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">7</span> dup <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(?,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(?,</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">cc</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> dup <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'PQR'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">abcd</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">16</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">aaaa</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">bbbbbb</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(?)</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\u263a</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span>            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\xe2\x98\xba</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span>      <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0E2</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">098</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0BA</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span>         <span style="color:#2980b9">resb</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">64</span>              <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve 64 bytes </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">wordvar:</span>        <span style="color:#2980b9">resw</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>               <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve a word </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span>         <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(?)</span>      <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve 64 bytes </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">wordvar:</span>        <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span>      <span style="color:#3f8058">?</span>               <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve a word </span>

<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span>  <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span>             <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; include the whole file</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span>  <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1024</span>        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; skip the first 1024 bytes</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span>  <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1024</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">512</span>    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; skip the first 1024, and</span>
                               <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; actually include at most 512</span>

message         <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello, world'</span> 
msglen          <span style="color:#2980b9">equ</span>     <span style="color:#3f8058">$-</span>message

<span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello, world'</span> 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-$+</span>buffer <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">' '</span>

     <span style="font-weight:bold">bndstx</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> bnd0    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; GAS - '*1' indecates an index reg</span>
     <span style="font-weight:bold">VDIVPS</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]{</span><span style="color:#f67400">1to16</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span>   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; single-precision float </span>
     <span style="font-weight:bold">VDIVPS</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">zword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span>          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; packed 512 bit memory</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">200</span>          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0200</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; still decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0200</span><span style="color:#f67400">d</span>        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; explicitly decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0d</span><span style="color:#f67400">200</span>        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; also decimal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0c8</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,$</span><span style="color:#f67400">0c8</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex again: the 0 is required</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">c8</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0h</span><span style="color:#f67400">c8</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; still hex</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span><span style="color:#f67400">q</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span><span style="color:#f67400">o</span>         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0o</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span>        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0q</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span>        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">11001000</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span>    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; binary</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span>   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span><span style="color:#f67400">y</span>   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant once more</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0b</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span>  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant yet again</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0y</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span>  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant yet again</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> u<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?utf16?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> w<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?utf32?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 

<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> u<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'C:\WINDOWS'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>       <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Pathname in UTF-16</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> w<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`A + B = </span><span style="color:#3daee9">\u206a</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; String in UTF-32</span>

<span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">0.2</span>                    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; "Quarter precision"</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">0.5</span>                    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; IEEE 754r/SSE5 half precision</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1.2</span>                     <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; an easy one</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1.222_222_222</span>           <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; underscores are permitted</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">0x1p+2</span>                  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1.0x2^2 = 4.0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">0x1p+32</span>                 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1.0x2^32 = 4 294 967 296.0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1.e10</span>                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 10 000 000 000.0</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1.e+10</span>                  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; synonymous with 1.e10</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1.e-10</span>                  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0.000 000 000 1</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">3.141592653589793238462</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; pi</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">do</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1.e+4000</span>                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; IEEE 754r quad precision</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>    <span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">__?float64?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">3.141592653589793238462</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>    <span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">400921fb54442d18</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Inf <span style="font-weight:bold">__?Infinity?__</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> NaN <span style="font-weight:bold">__?QNaN?__</span> 

<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1.5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span>Inf<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> NaN         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Double-precision constants</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">12_345_678_901_245_678</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">12_345_678_901_245_678</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">0p33</span>
<span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span>

<span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> b <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a <span style="color:#3f8058">//</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>

<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">seg</span> procedure<span style="color:#3f8058">):</span>procedure
<span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>    weird_seg<span style="color:#3f8058">:(</span>procedure <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> weird_seg<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">strict</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span>

<span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>label<span style="color:#3f8058">-$)</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>

<span style="color:#8e44ad">label:</span>  <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f44f4f">'Where am I?'</span>
        <span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>label<span style="color:#3f8058">-$+</span>1<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 
<span style="color:#8e44ad">label:</span>  <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f44f4f">'NOW where am I?'</span>

label1  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; some code </span>

.<span style="font-weight:bold">loop</span> 
        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; some more code </span>

        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jne</span>     <span style="color:#8e44ad">.loop</span> 
        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> 

<span style="color:#8e44ad">label1:</span>                         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; a non-local label </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.local:</span>                         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is really label1.local </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">..@foo:</span>                         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is a special symbol </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">label2:</span>                         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; another non-local label </span>
<span style="color:#8e44ad">.local:</span>                         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is really label2.local </span>

        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span>     <span style="color:#8e44ad">..@foo</span>          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this will jump three lines up</span>


<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> THIS_VERY_LONG_MACRO_NAME_IS_DEFINED_TO \ 
        THIS_VALUE

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ctrl    <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1F</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">&amp;</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> param<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">((</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">)+(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">)*(</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">))</span> 

        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>param<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ebx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)],</span> ctrl <span style="color:#f44f4f">'D'</span>
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)+(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)*(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ebx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)],</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1F</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">&amp;</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'D'</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> a<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span>x 

        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>

   <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> foo <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>               <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; no arguments, (a,b) is the expansion </span>
   <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> bar<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; two arguments, empty expansion</span>

   <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ereg<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>foo<span style="color:#3f8058">,)</span> e <span style="color:#3f8058">%+</span> foo 
     <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>ereg<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">dx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>

    <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> xyzzy<span style="color:#3f8058">(=</span>expr<span style="color:#3f8058">,&amp;</span>val<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> expr<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> str 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> plugh<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> xyzzy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 
    <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> plugh<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\0</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands to: db 8, "3+5", `\0`</span>

     <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>Foo<span style="color:#3f8058">%[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">__?BITS?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The Foo value</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%xdefine</span> Bar         Quux    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands due to %xdefine </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span>  Bar         <span style="color:#3f8058">%[</span>Quux<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands due to %[...]</span>



<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> BDASTART <span style="color:#f67400">400</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span>                <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Start of BIOS data area</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">struc</span>   tBIOSDA                      <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; its structure </span>
        .COM1addr       <span style="color:#2980b9">RESW</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
        .COM2addr       <span style="color:#2980b9">RESW</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; ..and so on </span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">endstruc</span>

        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>BDASTART <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> tBIOSDA<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>COM1addr 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">bx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>BDASTART <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> tBIOSDA<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>COM2addr
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Macro to access BIOS variables by their names (from tBDA):</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> Foo mov <span style="color:#3f8058">%?,%??</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> keyword <span style="color:#3f8058">$%?</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">pause</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$%?</span>                  <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Hide the PAUSE instruction</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> foo bar 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%undef</span>  foo 

        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> foo
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i i<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%defstr</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> TEST
<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'TEST'</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%defstr</span> PATH <span style="color:#3f8058">%!</span>PATH          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The operating system PATH variable</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%deftok</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'TEST'</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> TEST

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>c<span style="color:#3f8058">+)</span> a <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">66</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%,</span> b <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%,</span> c 

       <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>          <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3 </span>
       <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3 </span>
       <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>      <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3, 4 </span>
       <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span>    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3, 4, 5</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span>  silly <span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>: <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 

        silly <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> letter_a             <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; letter_a:  db 'a' </span>
        silly <span style="color:#f44f4f">'ab'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> string_ab           <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; string_ab: db 'ab' </span>
        silly <span style="color:#3f8058">{</span><span style="color:#f67400">13</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">10</span><span style="color:#3f8058">},</span> crlf             <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; crlf:      db 13,10</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> preproc sane_empty_expansion

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> mpar <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-*</span>
     <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%{</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span> 
     <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%{-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">:-</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

mpar <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">6</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span>  die <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"Painful program death has occurred."</span> 

        writefile <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">4c01</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">int</span>     <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">21</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span>  multipush <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-*</span> 

  <span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span>  %0 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%rotate</span> 1 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span> 

        j<span style="color:#3f8058">%-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>    <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%skip</span> 
        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> 
  <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%skip:</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>


<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> foo <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="font-weight:bold">.nolist</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span>  pushparam <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 

  <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifidni</span> %1,ip 
        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span>    <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%label</span> 
  <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%label:</span> 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span>    64 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">inc</span>     <span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>table<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span>i<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i i<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span>


<span style="color:#8e44ad">fibonacci:</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> j <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> 100 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%if</span> j <span style="color:#3f8058">></span> <span style="color:#f67400">65535</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%exitrep</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> j 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> k j<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>i 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i j 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> j k 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span> 

fib_number <span style="color:#2980b9">equ</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">($-</span>fibonacci<span style="color:#3f8058">)/</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>


<span style="color:#27ae60">%include</span> "macros<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>mac<span style="color:#f44f4f">"</span>


<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifndef</span> MACROS_MAC 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> MACROS_MAC 
    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; now define some macros </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%pathsearch</span> MyFoo <span style="color:#f44f4f">"foo.bin"</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%imacro</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pathsearch</span> dep <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%depend</span> dep 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> dep<span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> altreg 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> 'altreg<span style="color:#f44f4f">'</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span>    foobar

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> repeat <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 

    <span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span>   repeat 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$begin<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> until <span style="color:#f67400">1</span>

        j<span style="color:#3f8058">%-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span>    <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>begin
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> %$localmac <span style="color:#f67400">3</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> else <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 

  <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifctx</span> if 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%repl</span>   else 
        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span>     <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>ifend 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifnot<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span>  "expected <span style="color:#f44f4f">`if' before `</span>else<span style="color:#f44f4f">'" </span>
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> endif <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 

  <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifctx</span> if 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifnot<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%elifctx</span>      else 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifend<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> 
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 
        <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span>  "expected <span style="color:#f44f4f">`if' or `</span>else<span style="color:#f44f4f">' before `endif'" </span>
  <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

<span style="color:#8e44ad">some_function:</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> mycontext             <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; save the current context </span>
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%stacksize</span> small            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; tell NASM to use bp </span>
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> %$localsize <span style="color:#f67400">0</span>       <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; see text for explanation </span>
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%local</span> old_ax<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#2980b9">word</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> old_dx<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> 

        <span style="font-weight:bold">enter</span>   <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>localsize<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span>   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; see text for explanation </span>
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>old_ax<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span>     <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; swap ax &amp; bx </span>
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,[</span>old_dx<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">leave</span>                   <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; restore old bp </span>
        <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span>                     <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; </span>

    <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span>                        <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; restore original context</span>


<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifdef</span> F1 
    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%elifdef</span> F2 
    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some different setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "Neither F1 nor F2 was defined<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">" </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%ifdef</span> F1 
    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%elifdef</span> F2 
    <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some different setup </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%warning</span> "Neither F1 nor F2 was defined<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> assuming F1<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">" </span>
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> F1 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>%if foo <span style="color:#3f8058">></span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> foo_over foo<span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">64</span> 
    <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> foo is foo_over bytes too large 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>

        <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="font-weight:bold">__?NASM_VER?__</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">struc</span>   mytype 
  <span style="color:#8e44ad">mt_long:</span>      <span style="color:#2980b9">resd</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
  <span style="color:#8e44ad">.str:</span>         <span style="color:#2980b9">resb</span>    <span style="color:#f67400">32</span> 
<span style="font-weight:bold">endstruc</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> altreg 


<span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span>  writefile <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> 

        [<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> 

  <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str:</span>        <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 
  <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%endstr:</span> 

        <span style="font-weight:bold">__?SECT?__</span> 

        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">dx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%endstr</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">bx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span>     <span style="font-weight:bold">ah</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">40</span> 
        <span style="font-weight:bold">int</span>     <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">21</span> 

<span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span>

 <span style="font-weight:bold">DEFAULT</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">BND</span> 
     <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> foo            <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; BND will be prefixed </span>
     <span style="font-weight:bold">nobnd</span> call foo      <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; BND will NOT be prefixed</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> _main 
<span style="color:#8e44ad">_main:</span> 
<span style="font-weight:bold">global</span>  hashlookup<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>function<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> hashtable<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>data

<span style="font-weight:bold">common</span>  intvar  <span style="color:#f67400">4</span>
<span style="font-weight:bold">static</span> foo 
<span style="color:#8e44ad">foo:</span> 
         <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; codes</span>

<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> macho lprefix L_
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The most common conventions </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> output gprefix _ 
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> output lprefix L_ 
<span style="color:#7a7c7d">; ELF uses a different convention </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> elf    gprefix                       <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; empty </span>
<span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> elf    lprefix <span style="color:#8e44ad">.L</span>

<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.pdata</span>  rdata <span style="font-weight:bold">align</span><span style="color:#3f8058">=</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span> 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>      main <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>      main_end <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>      xmain <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.xdata</span>  rdata <span style="font-weight:bold">align</span><span style="color:#3f8058">=</span><span style="color:#f67400">8</span> 
<span style="color:#8e44ad">xmain:</span>  <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f67400">9</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span>      handler <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 
<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.drectve</span> info 
        <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span>      <span style="color:#f44f4f">'/defaultlib:user32.lib /defaultlib:msvcrt.lib '</span>
</pre></body></html>